No description available.

The objective of the research was to carry out the biogeneration of lipophenols by enzymatic esterification of tricaprylin and caprylic acid with catechin and catechol in a model hexane system. Commercial lipases, including Lipase N from Rhizopus niveus, Lipozyme IM from Mucor miehei and Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica were used throughout this study. The effects of reaction time, incubation temperatures and agitation speeds on enzymatic hydrolytic activity were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for biocatalysis. The optimal temperatures for biocatalysis were determined to be 37.5°C for Lipase N, and 55°C for Lipozyme IM and Novozym 435; the optimum agitation speed was 100 rpm. Using Lipase N, maximum hydrolysis of 1.66 mumol free fatty acids/mL was obtained after 1.5 days of incubation, while with Lipozyme IM, maximum hydrolysis of 8.1 and 8.5 mumol free fatty acids/mL was obtained after 1 and 4 days, respectively. With Novozym 435, the highest hydrolysis of 4.0 and 6.1 mumol free fatty acids/mL were found after 2 and 9 days, respectively.

Our objective was to investigate the mode of interaction between selected food proteins and phenolic compounds. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine beta-lactoglobulin, and soybean glycinin were used with the following phenolic compounds; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid), 3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid (caffeic acid), p -hydroxycinnamic acid (courmaric acid), and 5,7-dihydroxy 4-methoxy isoflavone (biochanin A). The interaction was investigated using incubation temperatures of 35°, 45° and 55°C at pH 5, 7 and 9. Native and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to identify protein-phenol interactions. Certain phenolic compounds combined with BSA and prevented protein aggregation. In general, the thermal stability of the proteins increased as a result of interaction with phenolic compounds; the most pronounced effect was observed with beta-lactoglobulin in the presence of gallic acid at pH 7. The interaction of the phenols with the proteins resulted in changes in protein secondary structure. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of different types and levels of dietary fiber on Heligmosomoides polygrus (Nematoda) in laboratory mice. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of seven diets: no fiber, cellulose (5%, 10%, 20%), and pectin (5%, 10%, 20) and infected with H. polygyrus one week later. The length of intestine increased significantly with the concentration of pectin and was associated with longer villi, thicker mucosa and increased villus/crypt ratio. In contrast, changing concentration of cellulose had minimal effects on the gastrointestinal tract. More day 5 larvae were found in mice fed 20% pectin, but neither type nor level of dietary fiber affected worm survival or spatial distribution. An increase from 5% to 10% pectin increased per capita egg production both in vivo and in vitro, but a further increase to 20% pectin decreased per capita egg production in vivo to the low level seen in mice fed no fiber. However when the parasites from mice fed 20% pectin diet were cultured in vitro, they released very high numbers of eggs. Changing concentration of cellulose had no effect on parasite egg production in vivo or in vitro. Our study supports the hypothesis that pectin promotes the establishment and reproduction of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and that this is closely related to the changes in gut morphology. Therefore we conclude that cellulose, not pectin, should be used to balance reduced content of macronutrients in studies on malnutrition and nematode infection.

The objective of this study was to investigate if there was a difference in the dietary intake of calcium and iron between female college aged dancers and non-dancers. Three day food records of 18 dancers and 21 non-dancers were analyzed for calcium and iron using Nutritionist IV computer software. Though not statistically significant dancers had a higher intake of calcium than non-dancers (864.7 mg/d vs. 796.2 mg/d) The main sources of calcium for both groups was milk followed by cheese. Mean daily intake of iron for dancers and non-dancers was 16.9 mg/d and 16.5 mg/d respectively. Grains were the main source of iron for both groups. A participants survey was used to collect descriptive data such as height, weight, smoking status, hours spent exercising , use of multivitamin supplements and nutrition course attended. Five dancers and four non-dancers took multivitamin plus mineral supplements. Reasons for use of supplements were: perceived notion that supplements provided energy and participants thought their diet was inadequate. The dietary habits of 38 % of the non-dancers who had previously had a nutrition course was not positively influenced by nutrition education. / Department of Home Economics

Vitamin B-6 is a vitamin often promoted by the popular press as a cure all. It's role is also being studied in regard to pre-menstrual syndrome, myocardial infarction and alterations in lipid and fatty acid metabolism. This study was designed to investigate whether there was a difference between vitamin B-6 blood levels, during a baseline study, a period of vitamin B-6 depletion and vitamin B-6 supplemention in ten men ages 21-37. The effect of each diet on total cholesterol was also investigated.The experimentally accessible population for this study Laboratory as part of a larger study conducted by Dr. Stephen Coburn of the Fort Wayne State Developmental Center.Analysis of the data indicated:1) A significant difference between red blood cell pyridoxal phosphate and blood plasma levels of vitamin B-6 during the baseline, depletion and supplementation phases in ten men 21-37.2) Total serum cholesterol levels fell significantly through all phases of the study. High density lipoproteins fell significantly during the depletion phase but did not rise significantly during the supplementation phase. Low density lipoproteins showed no significant difference during the three phases of the study. When dietary records were evaluated mean dietary intake during the baseline and supplementation phases of the diet met the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B-6. Mean protein intake also met the RDA with 102.1 grams during the baseline phase and 106.1 grams during the supplementation phase. These intakes are consistent with those found in previous studies conducted by the USDA. Mean intake of fat was lower than the 30 percent of calories recommended by the American Heart Association but wide variation existed among subjects.No physical symptoms of vitamin B-6 deficiency manifested themselves during the study. Subjects reported no other problems associated with low vitamin B-6 intakes.The data indicated that vitamin B-6 intake effects the amount of red blood cell plasma pyridoxal phosphate and plasma vitamin B-6. No clear effect can be found between vitamin B-6 intake and serum cholesterol levels. "Normal" diets also appeared to provide adequate vitamin B-6 to meet both RDA's and somatic needs. Wide variation seems to exist, however, among individuals. / Department of Home Economics

There is no abstract available for this thesis. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

Dietary intake data of 15 treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) (7-17 years) and six control siblings (6-14 years) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of medical foods to balance energy, protein, vitamin B-6, and individual amino acids from natural foods and to evaluate vitamin B-6 status. Four-day diet records were computer-analyzed and the contribution of medical foods and natural foods to the total diets of the patients was determined. A fasting blood sample and two 24-hour urine collections were obtained from each subject. In eight patients consuming a strict diet, natural foods provided 0.9 g protein and 39 mg phenylalanine (phe)/100 calories, a significant reduction from control intakes of 3.3 g protein and 153 mg phe/100 calories. However, plasma phe levels were above the acceptable treatment range. Medical foods were consumed in less than the recommended quantities to meet approximately 120% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for protein. These foods contributed 73% of the total protein RDAs but only met 22% of the energy RDAs of patients consuming the strict diet. Taste qualities of certain L-amino acids (L-AAs; Lmethionine, L-glutamic and L-aspartic acids), which constitute the protein in elemental medical foods (EMFs) for school-aged patients, make acceptance of these products difficult. Intakes of each of these L-AAs were above nutritional standards and suggested that their levels could be safely lowered in EMFs. Natural foods and medical foods provided 0.057 and 0.046 mg vitamin B-6/g protein, respectively, above the 0.020 RDA standard and the mean control intake of 0.018 mg vitamin B-6/g protein. The mean plasma pyridoxal 5'- phosphate (PLP) concentration for the patients with PKU was over twice that of the mean control concentration and above literature values. However, more than half of the patients excreted less than 30% of their vitamin B-6 as 4-pyridoxic acid; values below the criterion suggested for inadequate status. This work provides data for a better understanding of vitamin B-6 metabolism and status in PKU and supports the design and testing of a new EMF to balance energy, protein, and amino acids from natural foods and which may improve dietary adherence. / Graduation date: 1991

Graduation date: 1984

Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Russ Toal, committee chair; Catherine McCarroll, Joseph Mulinare, committee members. Electronic text (83 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan 8, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-83).