No description available.

At present, both the aetiology of hyaline membrane disease and a means of preventing it remain unknown. Recent studies indicate that a significant number of infants die of respiratory failure but there is no general agreement concerning the changes of pulmonary function which lead to this stage. Two approaches have been used in the treatment of respiratory decompensation. First it has been proposed that blood gas and acid base abnormalities which result from respiratory failure can be prevented by oxygen and intravenous alkali and secondly an attempt has been made to correct abnormal lung function itself by means of artificial ventilation. These methods are directed at different aspects of the problem and their efficacy is as yet not established. The application of artificial ventilation in particular must depend on the nature of any ventilation, diffusion or perfusion defect.

No description available.

M.Cur. (Intensive General Nursing) / The purpose of this study is to identify nursing guide-lines for the nursing of babies that received exogenous surfactant. In view of the fact that the exogenous surfactant therapy is still a very new therapeutic approach for the treatment of hyaline membrane disease there is still a lot to learn about the complications of the treatment. The professional nurse monitors the baby after medication was given, and it is therefore necessary to set out nursing guidelines to guide her in her treatment of the baby. Ten case-studies were done on 10 babies that have already been submitted to the therapy. They were selected from Provincial hospitals in the Johannesburg region. Recurrent events/incidents were identified and used as data from which nursing guide-lines were compiled. A literature study was done to consult other authors' findings on this topic. Recommendations were made at the end of the study concerning applications to practise, education and further research needed.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23417号 / 医博第4762号 / 新制||医||1052(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 秀一特定拠点, 教授 妻木 範行, 教授 安達 泰治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Lung diseases associated with immaturity may contribute to the delay in the development of the newborn preterm. The oral feeding may suffer because they spend a lot of energy function in the disorder of the respiratory muscles and the lack of coordination between sucking / swallowing / breathing. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of increased technical expiratory flow slow in relation to the technical manual chest vibration on cardiorespiratory parameters and food performance of newborn preterm with lung disease. Babies who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and that those responsible have allowed their participation, were allocated at random to one of the groups (group 1 - increased expiratory flow slow; group 2 - manual chest vibration). We collected the cardiorespiratory parameters (RR, HR, SpO2) five minutes prior to physical therapy after 5 minutes started oral feeding, and 5 minutes after the end of the food supply. The physical therapy continued until obtaining the full orally, twice daily. Oral feeding performance was evaluated using the variables proficiency, throughput and performance oral feeding, the first oral feeding, and the days to reach full orally. The expiratory flow slow increase technique provided greater cardiorespiratory stability in children with respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in FR parameter (p=0.0029 and p=0.0344, respectively). In comparison within the group, for children with hyaline membrane disease subjected to vibration there was a significant increase in RR at the end of feeding (p=0.008). Submitted to the increase in technical expiratory flow slow the RF remained stable with significant increase in SpO2 (p=0.001).In the analysis of food performance, it was observed that physical therapy technique did not influence the variables proficiency, throughput and oral feeding performance in the first orally, and did not influence the dietary transition. We conclude that, although the technique of increased expiratory flow has not shown effects on oral feeding performance, presented benefits to newborn preterm, compared to vibration because it provided greater cardiorespiratory stability. / Doenças pulmonares associadas à imaturidade podem contribuir para o atraso no desenvolvimento do recém-nascido pré-termo. A alimentação via oral pode ser prejudicada, pois eles gastam muita energia em função da desordem da musculatura respiratória e a falta de coordenação entre sucção/deglutição/respiração. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi comparar os efeitos da técnica de aumento do fluxo expiratório lento, em relação à técnica vibração manual torácica, sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e a performance alimentar de recém-nascidos pré-termo com doença pulmonar. Os bebês que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e que os responsáveis permitiram sua participação, foram alocados por sorteio para um dos grupos (grupo 1 aumento do fluxo expiratório lento; grupo 2 vibração manual torácica). Foram coletados os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios (FR, FC, SatO2) 5 minutos antes da fisioterapia, após 5 minutos de iniciada alimentação via oral, e 5 minutos após término da oferta alimentar. O atendimento fisioterapêutico continuou até a obtenção da via oral plena, duas vezes ao dia. A performance alimentar oral foi avaliada através das variáveis proficiência, taxa de transferência e desempenho alimentar oral, na primeira mamada oral, e pelos dias para obtenção da via oral plena. A técnica de aumento do fluxo expiratório lento proporcionou maior estabilidade cardiorrespiratória nas crianças com doença da membrana hialina e displasia broncopulmonar no parâmetro de FR (p=0,0029 e p=0,0344, respectivamente). Na comparação dentro do próprio grupo, para as crianças com doença da membrana hialina submetidas à vibração houve aumento significativo da FR, ao final da mamada (p=0,008). Nas submetidas à técnica de aumento do fluxo expiratório lento a FR manteve-se estável com elevação significativa na SatO2 (p=0,001). Na análise da performance alimentar, observou-se que a técnica de fisioterapia não influenciou as variáveis proficiência, taxa de transferência e desempenho alimentar oral, na primeira via oral, assim como não influenciou a transição alimentar. Conclui-se que, embora a técnica de aumento do fluxo expiratório não tenha mostrado efeito sobre a performance alimentar oral, apresentou benefícios ao recém-nascido pré-termo, quando comparada à vibração, pois proporcionou maior estabilidade cardiorrespiratória.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] El cartílago hialino es un tejido conectivo denso con poca capacidad de auto regeneración cuando es afectado por patologías degenerativas. Por lo tanto, la estimulación eléctrica se ha propuesto como una terapia alternativa no invasiva para mejorar la reparación del cartílago hialino. De acuerdo con esto, este trabajo presenta un enfoque computacional y experimental combinado para entender mejor la biología del cartílago hialino y su respuesta a la estimulación eléctrica usando diferentes modelos in vitro. En primer lugar, se ha desarrollado un modelo mecanobiológico para simular el proceso de osificación endocondral. Por otro lado, se ha evaluado el efecto de la estimulación eléctrica sobre el cartílago hialino en tres escenarios diferentes. Inicialmente se ha analizado la proliferación celular y la síntesis de glicosaminoglicanos de condrocitos cultivados en monocapa y estimulados con campos eléctricos. Luego, se ha realizado un análisis histomorfométrico a explantes de condroepífisis que fueron estimulados eléctricamente. Por último, se ha evaluado el efecto de los campos eléctricos sobre la diferenciación condrogénica de células madre mesenquimales cultivadas en hidrogeles. Los resultados indican que la estimulación eléctrica es un estímulo biofísico prometedor, ya que este tipo de estimulación mejora la viabilidad y la proliferación celular, induce cambios morfológicos en los condrocitos, y estimula la síntesis de las principales moléculas que componen el cartílago hialino, tales como SOX-9, glicosaminoglicanos y agrecan. Además, este proyecto es el primer paso hacia la implementación de un estímulo biofísico alternativo que modifica la dinámica celular de los condrocitos de la placa de crecimiento en condiciones ex vivo. Adicionalmente, este estudio resalta el efecto potencial de los campos eléctricos para inducir el proceso de condrogénesis de células madre mesenquimales cultivadas en condiciones basales. En general, la evaluación de la estimulación eléctrica sobre condrocitos, tejidos y andamios es una herramienta útil que puede contribuir al conocimiento actual de las terapias regenerativas enfocadas en la regeneración del cartílago hialino. / [CA] El cartílag hialí és un teixit connectiu dens amb poca capacitat d'auto regeneració quan es veu afectat per patologies degeneratives. Per tant, l'estimulació elèctrica s'ha proposat com una teràpia alternativa no invasiva per millorar la reparació del cartílag articular. D'acord amb això, aquest treball presenta un enfoc computacional i experimental combinat per entendre millor la biologia del cartílag hialí i la seva resposta a l'estimulació elèctrica usant diferents models in vitro. En primer lloc, s'ha desenvolupat un model mecanobiològic per simular el procés d'ossificació endocondral. D'altra banda, s'ha avaluat l'efecte de l'estimulació elèctrica sobre el cartílag hialí en tres escenaris diferents. Inicialment s'ha analitzat la proliferació cel·lular i la síntesi de glicosaminoglicans de condròcits cultivats en monocapa i estimulats amb camps elèctrics. Després, s'ha realitzat una anàlisi histomorfomètrica a explants de condroepífisis que van ser estimulats elèctricament. Finalment, s'ha avaluat l'efecte dels camps elèctrics sobre la diferenciació condrogénica de cèl·lules mare mesenquimals cultivades en hidrogels. Els resultats indiquen que l'estimulació elèctrica és un estímul biofîsic prometedor, ja que aquest tipus d'estimulació millora la viabilitat i la proliferació cel·lular, indueix canvis morfològics en els condròcits, i estimula la síntesi de les principals molècules que componen el cartílag hialí, com ara SOX-9, glicosaminoglicans i agrecan. A més, aquest projecte és el primer pas cap a la implementació d'un estímul biofísic alternatiu que modifica la dinàmica cel·lular dels condròcits de la placa de creixement en condicions ex vivo. Addicionalment, aquest estudi ressalta l'efecte potencial dels camps elèctrics per induir el procés de condrogènesi de cèl·lules mare mesenquimals cultivades en condicions basals. En general, l'avaluació de l'estimulació elèctrica sobre condròcits, teixits i scaffolds és una eina útil que pot contribuir al coneixement actual de les teràpies regeneratives enfocades a la regeneració del cartílag hialí. / [EN] Hyaline cartilage is a dense connective tissue with low self-healing capacity when is affected by degenerative pathologies. Therefore, electrical stimulation has been proposed as a possible non-invasive alternative therapy to enhance the restoration of the cartilaginous tissue. Accordingly, this work presents a combined computational and experimental approach to understand better the hyaline cartilage biology and its response to electrical stimulation using different in vitro models. On the one hand, a mechanobiological model was developed to simulate the endochondral ossification process. On the other hand, the electrical stimulation on hyaline cartilage was evaluated in three different scenarios. Initially, cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycans synthesis of chondrocytes, cultured in monolayer and stimulated with electric fields, was analyzed. Then, a histomorphometric analysis was performed to chondroepiphysis explants that were electrically stimulated. Finally, the effects of the electric fields on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in hydrogels was assessed. The results indicated that electrical stimulation is a promising biophysical stimulus, due to the fact that this type of stimulation enhances the viability and the proliferation of cells, induces morphological changes in the chondrocytes, and stimulates the synthesis of the main molecules that compose the hyaline cartilage, such as SOX-9, glycosaminoglycans and aggrecan. Moreover, this project is the first step towards the implementation of an alternative biophysical stimulus that modifies the cellular dynamics of growth plate chondrocytes in ex vivo conditions. Additionally, this study highlights the potential effect of electric fields to induce the chondrogenesis process of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in basal conditions. Overall, the assessment of electrical stimulation on chondrocytes, tissues and scaffolds is a useful tool that may contribute to the current knowledge of regenerative therapies focused on hyaline cartilage healing. / To the financial support from COLCIENCIAS – COLFUTURO through the fellowship No. 647 for national doctorates. To the financial support from COLCIENCIAS through the research grant 712-2015 No. 50457. To the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the MAT2016-76039-C4-1-R project. / Vaca González, JJ. (2019). The effect of electric fields on hyaline cartilage: an in vitro and in silico study [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/120023 / TESIS / Compendio

1 Abstract Introduction Autologous transplants of the cartilage tissue from the pinna is commonly used in reconstructive surgery of the nasal skeleton. The present study used animal models to elucidate responses of the auricular cartilage to its damage or transplantation to ectopic sites. Histomorphological analysis of changes observed in auricular cartilage including immunohistochemical study of different isoforms of actin and S-100 proteins was performed. Human articular cartilage prepared by in vitro cultivation using artificial scaffolds was also studied after its transplantation. Aims of the study The aim was to study histological changes and expression of chondrocytic markers (α- SMA and S-100 proteins) in intact, artificially traumatised, or in a human auricular cartilage cultivated in culture medium. An attempt to grow human auricular cartilage chondrocytes implanted in vitro into various types of three dimensional scaffolds aimed at testing chondrocyte survival and phenotype both in the culture and after transplantation to immunodeficient mice. A human auricular cartilage transplanted into the nasal skeleton of patients during a reconstruction surgery should be submitted to a histomorphological examination. Research assumed also comparison of the auricular cartilage responses to a damage,...

1 Abstract Introduction Autologous transplants of the cartilage tissue from the pinna is commonly used in reconstructive surgery of the nasal skeleton. The present study used animal models to elucidate responses of the auricular cartilage to its damage or transplantation to ectopic sites. Histomorphological analysis of changes observed in auricular cartilage including immunohistochemical study of different isoforms of actin and S-100 proteins was performed. Human articular cartilage prepared by in vitro cultivation using artificial scaffolds was also studied after its transplantation. Aims of the study The aim was to study histological changes and expression of chondrocytic markers (α- SMA and S-100 proteins) in intact, artificially traumatised, or in a human auricular cartilage cultivated in culture medium. An attempt to grow human auricular cartilage chondrocytes implanted in vitro into various types of three dimensional scaffolds aimed at testing chondrocyte survival and phenotype both in the culture and after transplantation to immunodeficient mice. A human auricular cartilage transplanted into the nasal skeleton of patients during a reconstruction surgery should be submitted to a histomorphological examination. Research assumed also comparison of the auricular cartilage responses to a damage,...

No description available.