Orientador: Paulo Cesar Rocha / Resumo: O regime hidrológico do rio Madeira é caracterizado pela sazonalidade dos volumes de água na bacia hidrográfica. As variações do clima e as ações antrópicas são os principais responsáveis pelas alterações nestes volumes. Para avaliar tais mudanças alguns indicadores podem ser analisados levando em consideração períodos com regime de fluxo natural e alterado. Os Indicadores de Alteração Hidrológica (IAH) são ideais para comparar regimes hidrológicos afetados por usinas hidrelétricas, que criam barreiras no fluxo natural e modificam o regime de vazões. Calculados com métodos paramétricos e não paramétricos, o IAH leva em consideração as análises das estatísticas de médias, desvio padrão e percentuais dos hidrogramas fluviais. No rio Madeira, as hidrelétricas de Jirau (3.750 MW) e Santo Antônio (3.568 MW) entraram em operação a fio d’água no ano de 2012. Como resultado este trabalho apresentou anos úmidos após o término destas obras hidráulicas gerando vazões mais altas que as médias do período anterior as usinas. O ano de 2014 (grande cheia) pode ser considerado um ano atípico e pode ter camuflado os resultados, elevando as médias de vazões e outros indicadores observados no IAH, denominado período pós impactos. Além das variações de vazões bem definidas nos períodos úmido e seco, a bacia hidrográfica do Madeira é uma grande produtora e transportadora de sedimentos. Foram encontrados valores médios de retenção de sedimentos pelos barramentos na ordem de 17%, o que pode indicar ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The hydrological regime of the Madeira River is characterized by the seasonality of water volumes in the river basin. The changes in climate and anthropic actions are mainly responsible for the changes in these volumes. In order to evaluate such changes some indicators can be analyzed taking into account periods with natural and modified flow regime. The Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) are ideal for comparing hydrological regimes affected by hydroelectric plants, which create barriers in the natural flow and modify the flow regime. Calculated using parametric and nonparametric methods, the IHA takes into account the statistical analysis of means, standard deviation and percentages of fluvial hydrograms. In the Madeira River, Jirau hydroelectric plants (3,750 MW) and Santo Antônio (3,568 MW) entered operation in 2012 and result this paper presented wet years after the completion of these hydraulic works. The year 2014 (large flood) can be considered an atypical year and may have camouflaged the results, raising the averages of flows and other indicators observed in the IHA, called post-impact period. In addition to well-defined variations and flows in the wet and dry periods, the Madeira basin is a major producer and sediment conveyor. Averages values of sediment retention were found in the order of 17% of suspened sediment. / Mestre

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate flood flows in the basin Jenín stream. Part of this work is the description of the territory that I prepare from the perspective of the geomorphological, geological, pedological, hydrological, agro-natural, climatic and biotic. For flood flows, I used data for the hydrological year 2009 that I acquired from Thomson weir, where meters are installed. In the first part of this thesis, I conducted field research the functionality of the drainage group. The result is data that recorded performance shafts. In the next section I dealt with the evaluation of quantitative indicators of precipitation, precipitation operation in relation to catchment flows on the cap and providing a critical period in terms of the spring thaw.

In the context of changing climate retreat of mountain glaciers occurs at many places on the planet. One of the consequences is emergence or increase of the outburst risk at lakes situated in front of the glacier terminus. Flood caused by the glacial lake outburst often appear suddenly and can threaten settlements in lower parts of a valley. In the Kyrgyz mountains of Tien Shan there are about 350 lakes at risk of outburst, long-term monitored and dangerous locations are presented in this work. The highest attention is paid to Adygine area where several lakes of different genetic type and age can be found. The largest lake of the locality, the Upper Adygine lake, is subjected to more detailed survey aiming to asses its hydrological regime and to confirm or disprove speculation about outburst possibility of this lake. Keywords: glacial lake, hydrological regime, glacier retreat, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

The Odlezelské Lake is a natural, landslide-dammed lake in western Bohemia. Its lake basin is silting intensely and its volume decreases; it will be completely silted in the future. This work aims to evaluate the siltation of the lake primarily by evaluating the suspended load regime of its tributaries and comparison with data from bathymetric measurements. Within this work, data from the station network of the Department of Physical Geography of the Faculty of Science of the Charles University were used, which was statistically processed in order to describe the hydrological and suspended load regime. In addition, flow speeds in the inflow part of the lake were measured during two precipitation-runoff events using ADCP. The results show that most of the suspended load is transported during flood episodes, in contrast to the runoff, there is a significant interannual variability in the suspended load regime. Oppositely, the comparison of the suspended load regime and the bathymetric data proved as impossible due to a high sensitivity of the data.

Orientador: Paulo César Rocha / Banca: José Tadeu Garcia Tommaselli / Banca: Luis Eduardo de Souza Robaina / Resumo: Os regimes de vazões dos rios correspondem a um importante indicador para a compreensão e estabelecimento da disponibilidade hídrica de uma bacia e para a manutenção da integridade ecológica. Em decorrência, seu monitoramento quantitativo e qualitativo permite entender o seu funcionamento e prescrever as quantidades mínimas para manutenção da vida e dos processos fluviais. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da avaliação dos regimes hidrológicos do rio Paranapanema e seus principais afluentes que compõem sua bacia hidrográfica, assim como demais canais que constituem as Unidades de Gestão da bacia do rio Paranapanema, compreendendo uma área superior a 105.000 km². Esta análise possibilitou avaliar qualitativa e quantitativamente a variabilidade hidrológica desses rios, caracterizar seu regime, além de examinar as alterações hidrológicas ocorridas ao longo do tempo, para a elaboração de um mapeamento da história hidrológicas de tais rios. Para execução deste trabalho, foi necessário realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática de estudo e caracterização ambiental da bacia; organização, tratamento e interpretação dos dados hidrológicos fornecidos pela rede hidrometeorológica existente na bacia e disponibilidade pela ANA-BRASIL, SIGRH/DAEE-SP, SUDERHSA-PR e a Empresa Duke Energy; avaliação e relacionamento do regime hidrológico dos rios com a variabilidade climática da bacia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The flow regimes of the rivers are an important indicator for understanding and establishment of the catchment water availability and the maintenance of ecological integrity. As a result, its quantitative and qualitative monitoring allows us to understand this operation and prescribe the minimum quantities to maintain life and fluvial processes. This research presents the results of the assessment of the hydrological regimes of the Paranapanema and major rivers that form its watershed, as well as other channels that constitute the Management Units Paranapanema River Basin, covering an area exceeding 105,000 km ². This analysis allowed us to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the hydrological variability of rivers, characterize his regime, and to examine the hydrological changes that occurred over time... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Darbe nagrinėjama nusausintų pelkių degradavimas, jų hidrologinio rėžimo būklė, jo atstatymo galimybės ir pasiūlymai. Analizuojami ir įvertinami pelkių renovacijos būdai. Pelkių tyrimams buvo panaudota specializuota šiems darbams technika ir įprasta mokslinių tyrimų metodika. Geologiniams tyrimams naudotasi pelkių zondu, hidrologiniams – plonasieniai skydai, aukščių ir vietų nustatymui – nivelyras ir GPS įranga. Atlikus tyrimus ir išanalizavus gautus duomenis, buvo atliktas rezultatų įvertinimas. Didžiausią įtaką aukštapelkių būklei turi sausinimo poveikis. Visų trijų nagrinėjamų pelkių hidrologinis rėžimas yra pažeistas, degraduoja aukštapelkinė ekosistema, nyksta durpių klodai, kyla gaisrai, gresia pelkinės bioįvairovės rūšių išnykimas. Hidrologinio rėžimo atkūrimas būtų geriausia priemonė sustabdyti pelkių degradavimą. Todėl būtina sustabdyti pelkių sausinimą. Grioviuose įrengti užtvankas, kurios sudarytų sąlygas pakelti vandens lygį aukštapelkėse. / The study researches into the degradation of drained bogs, the status of their hydrological regime, possibilities and proposals concerning its restoration. The methods of bog renovation are analysed and evaluated. In the bog research, specialized technical means of this area and the usual scientific research methodology were employed. The following equipment was used: bog probe in geological research, thin-walled screens in hydrological research, levelling instrument and GPS equipment for the determination of altitudes and location. After research and analysis of the data obtained, the evaluation of results was carried out. The effect of draining has the biggest impact on upland bogs. The hydrological regime of all three bogs considered in the study is affected negatively, the upland bog ecosystem is under degradation, peat layers are diminishing, fires emerge, there is a threat of extinction of various species making up the bog biological diversity. The restoration of the hydrological regime would be the best measure to stop bog degradation. Therefore, bog drainage has to be stopped. Dikes should be constructed in trenches in order to form conditions to lift the water level in upland bogs.

This research is the outcome of investigations of the ability of Nitella congesta, a charophyte, to hyperaccumulate metal contaminants, as well as contribute to the sustainable development of a chain of lakes derived from the sand mine voids at Capel 250km south of Perth, Western Australia. Studies were conducted to ascertain the taxonomy of Nitella congesta as well as its life cycle pattern in relation to the hydrological regime of the lakes of the wetlands. It was observed that a decrease in the availability of water in the lakes particularly on the onset of summer, initiated the production of fruiting bodies whiles prolonged availability of water ensured a prolonged vegetative growth. / Aquatic plants play an important role in the structuring of freshwater communities. Freshwater macrophytes such as Nitella congesta have been reported to serve as food source as well as provide refuge and shelter for macroinvertebrates. Thus the presence of freshwater macrophytes in one way or the other has a direct impact on the species abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates that use them as their habitat. A study of the impact of Nitella congesta as a suitable macrophyte on diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates showed a positive outcome. It was observed that species richness and diversity were high in Nitella congesta dominated sites of the lakes. Experimental outcome showed that Nitella congesta is a hyperaccumulator of metals. Both the mucilage and the thallus displayed concentrations of few metals. / The disappearance of submerged macrophytes such as charophytes in shallow lakes is a major problem caused by eutrophication. There has been an approved proposal to discharge treated waste water with a phosphorus concentration of about 4,000μg/L into the lakes of the Capel Wetlands Centre. This necessitated a study of the impact of eutrophication on the establishment of Nitella congesta as a functional macrophyte for the enhancement of the ecological structure of the wetlands. / Results showed that though eutrophication will initially increase the primary productivity of the lakes of the wetlands, the eventual consequence will be the loss of Nitella congesta as a functional macrophyte in the wetlands. / At the last stage of the study, a consistent decrease in pH readings of the lakes and lack of successful germination of Nitella congesta as a result of prolonged drought and exposure of the lake sediment was observed. This necessitated a thorough study of the impact of climate change on the establishment of Nitella congesta in the wetlands. In conclusion, it was observed that Nitella congesta could serve as a suitable tool for the rehabilitation of the wetlands.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ap_me_prud.pdf: 3875821 bytes, checksum: 2d36f065e48c795c5c169901d9236254 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os regimes de vazões dos rios correspondem a um importante indicador para a compreensão e estabelecimento da disponibilidade hídrica de uma bacia e para a manutenção da integridade ecológica. Em decorrência, seu monitoramento quantitativo e qualitativo permite entender o seu funcionamento e prescrever as quantidades mínimas para manutenção da vida e dos processos fluviais. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da avaliação dos regimes hidrológicos do rio Paranapanema e seus principais afluentes que compõem sua bacia hidrográfica, assim como demais canais que constituem as Unidades de Gestão da bacia do rio Paranapanema, compreendendo uma área superior a 105.000 km². Esta análise possibilitou avaliar qualitativa e quantitativamente a variabilidade hidrológica desses rios, caracterizar seu regime, além de examinar as alterações hidrológicas ocorridas ao longo do tempo, para a elaboração de um mapeamento da história hidrológicas de tais rios. Para execução deste trabalho, foi necessário realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática de estudo e caracterização ambiental da bacia; organização, tratamento e interpretação dos dados hidrológicos fornecidos pela rede hidrometeorológica existente na bacia e disponibilidade pela ANA-BRASIL, SIGRH/DAEE-SP, SUDERHSA-PR e a Empresa Duke Energy; avaliação e relacionamento do regime hidrológico dos rios com a variabilidade climática da bacia... / The flow regimes of the rivers are an important indicator for understanding and establishment of the catchment water availability and the maintenance of ecological integrity. As a result, its quantitative and qualitative monitoring allows us to understand this operation and prescribe the minimum quantities to maintain life and fluvial processes. This research presents the results of the assessment of the hydrological regimes of the Paranapanema and major rivers that form its watershed, as well as other channels that constitute the Management Units Paranapanema River Basin, covering an area exceeding 105,000 km ². This analysis allowed us to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the hydrological variability of rivers, characterize his regime, and to examine the hydrological changes that occurred over time... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseNPO_DISSERT.pdf: 2861087 bytes, checksum: 5501c10c7323ae1724c567209f6872ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In semiarid region of northeast Brazil, the majority of reservoirs used for public supply has suffered degradation of water quality affected by diffuse pollution from agricultural and livestock areas of the watershed and by hydrologic regime peculiar to the region, characterized by a rainy season with higher volumes stored in reservoirs and a dry season with a reduction in water level due to high evaporation and increase of eutrophication. The Dourado reservoir, located in Currais Novos city, semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, is one example of a water supply reservoir that can have degradation of water quality and impracticability of their use, due to the high external input of nutrients from non-point sources of watershed during the rainy season and increasing of eutrophication due to decrease the stored volume during the dry period. This study aimed to investigate and quantify diffuse pollution and the hydrologic regime of semiarid region in order to establish standards regarding the water quality of Dourado reservoir. The study period was between the months of May 2011 to March 2012. The diffuse pollution was quantified in terms of watershed from the mass balance of phosphorus in the reservoir, as in relation to areas under different types of land use within the riparian zone of the reservoir from the assessment of soil chemical properties and losses of phosphorus in each area. The influence of hydrological regime on water quality of the reservoir was evaluated from the monthly monitoring of the morphometric, meteorological and limnological features throughout the study period. The results showed that the reservoir has received a high load of phosphorus coming from the drainage basin and presents itself as a system able to retain some of that load tributary, giving an upward trend of the eutrophication process. Diffuse pollution by nutrients from areas under different types of land use within the riparian zone of the reservoir was higher in areas under the influence of livestock, being this area considered a potential diffuse source of nutrients to the reservoir. Regarding the water regime during the rainy season the reservoir was characterized by high concentrations of nutrients and small algal biomass, while in the dry season the reduction of volume and increase of the water retention time of the reservoir, contributing to the excessive growth algal biomass, favoring an increase in eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. In synthesis the water quality of Dourado reservoir is directed by diffuse pollution coming from the drainage basin and the hydrological regime of the peculiar semiarid region, where the rainy season is characterized by high input of allochthonous compounds from the tributaries and erosion of the soil in the reservoir riparian zone, and the dry season characterized by reducing the storage volume due to high evaporation, high residence time of water and consequent degradation of water quality due to the increase of eutrophication process / Na regi?o semi?rida do nordeste do Brasil a maioria dos reservat?rios utilizados para abastecimento p?blico vem sofrendo degrada??o da qualidade da ?gua, influenciados pela polui??o difusa de ?reas agr?colas e de pecu?ria da bacia de drenagem e pelo regime hidrol?gico peculiar da regi?o, caracterizado por um per?odo de chuva com maiores volumes armazenados nos reservat?rios e um per?odo de seca com redu??o do n?vel da ?gua devido ? intensa evapora??o e aumento do processo de eutrofiza??o. O reservat?rio Dourado, localizado no munic?pio de Currais Novos, regi?o semi?rida do estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? um exemplo de manancial de abastecimento que pode apresentar degrada??o da qualidade da ?gua e inviabiliza??o do seu uso, devido ao elevado aporte externo de nutrientes a partir de fontes n?o-pontuais da bacia de drenagem durante o per?odo chuvoso e aumento do processo de eutrofiza??o devido a diminui??o do volume armazenado durante o per?odo de seca. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar e quantificar a polui??o difusa e o regime hidrol?gico da regi?o semi?rida a fim de estabelecer padr?es referentes ? qualidade da ?gua do reservat?rio Dourado. O per?odo de estudo foi compreendido entre os meses de maio de 2011 a mar?o de 2012. A polu??o difusa foi quantificada tanto em rela??o ? bacia de drenagem, a partir do balan?o de massa de f?sforo no reservat?rio, como em rela??o a ?reas sob diferentes tipos de uso do solo na zona rip?ria do reservat?rio a partir da avalia??o dos atributos qu?micos do solo e das perdas de f?sforo em cada ?rea. A influ?ncia do regime hidrol?gico na qualidade da ?gua do reservat?rio foi avaliada a partir do monitoramento mensal das vari?veis morfom?tricas, meteorol?gicas e limnol?gicas do reservat?rio ao longo do per?odo de estudo. Os resultados mostraram que o reservat?rio recebeu uma elevada carga de f?sforo advinda da bacia de drenagem e se apresentou como um sistema capaz de reter parte desta carga afluente, conferindo uma tend?ncia ao aumento do processo de eutrofiza??o. A polui??o difusa por nutrientes a partir de ?reas sob diferentes tipos de uso do solo na zona rip?ria do reservat?rio foi maior na ?rea sob influ?ncia da pecu?ria, sendo essa ?rea considerada uma potencial fonte difusa de nutrientes para o reservat?rio. Em rela??o ao regime hidrol?gico, durante o per?odo de chuva o reservat?rio foi caracterizado por elevadas concentra??es de nutrientes e reduzida biomassa algal, enquanto que no per?odo de seca a redu??o do volume e o aumento do tempo de reten??o da ?gua do reservat?rio contribuiu para o crescimento excessivo da biomassa algal, favorecendo o aumento do processo de eutrofiza??o. Em s?ntese a qualidade da ?gua do reservat?rio tropical Dourado ? direcionada pela polui??o difusa oriunda da bacia de drenagem e pelo regime hidrol?gico peculiar da regi?o semi?rida, onde o per?odo chuvoso ? caracterizado pelo elevado aporte de compostos al?ctones provenientes dos rios tribut?rios e da eros?o do solo na zona rip?ria do reservat?rio, e o per?odo seco caracterizado pela marcante redu??o do volume armazenado devido ? intensa evapora??o, alto tempo de resid?ncia da ?gua e a consequente degrada??o da qualidade da ?gua devido ao aumento do processo de eutrofiza??o

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-23T11:12:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Duane Izabel Barbosa - 2013.pdf: 4083948 bytes, checksum: df6bdd5229474c30743d7d9816f0f843 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-23T11:53:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Duane Izabel Barbosa - 2013.pdf: 4083948 bytes, checksum: df6bdd5229474c30743d7d9816f0f843 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-23T11:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Duane Izabel Barbosa - 2013.pdf: 4083948 bytes, checksum: df6bdd5229474c30743d7d9816f0f843 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The resulting conflicts between the protection of aquatic ecosystems and the increasing demand for water catchment rivers, intended for different uses, have become increasingly complex due to the growing recognition of these ecosystems as legitimate users of water resources. In this sense the instream flow has been used as a tool to guide one ecologically sustainable management, which aims to protect the ecological integrity of the ecosystem affected, while serving the needs. The aim of this study is to determine the instream flows for 06 points basin Meia Ponte River using the hydrologic methods Q7,10, Curve Permanence Flows, Tennant and hydraulic method Wetted Perimeter and also characterize the conditions of the schemes streamflow at the point of study method of Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. We used data from gauged stations of ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas). It is recommended the adoption of the IHA method (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration ) to check, especially the behavior of the five components of flow considered ecologically relevant and together, apply, according to the specificities of each site and the financial resources available, another method that considers not only flows minimum to be maintained, but rather a series of measured flows that address the intra-and interannual variation characteristics of the hydrological regimes of each site. However, considering the impossibility of applying methods that contemplate instream flows or hydrograph ecological variables, it is recommended that, among the methods used in this study, the adoption of Q90 flow as instream flow for the points to be studied by this less restrictive that the flow rates obtained with other methods and therefore be able to address a wider range of ecological factors that maintain, wherever possible, the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. / Os conflitos gerados entre a proteção dos ecossistemas aquáticos e a crescente demanda para a captação de água nos rios, destinada à diferentes usos, têm se tornado cada vez mais complexos devido ao crescente reconhecimento destes ecossistemas como legítimos usuários dos recursos hídricos. Neste sentido, a vazão ecológica tem sido utilizada como ferramenta para nortear um gerenciamento ecologicamente sustentável, o qual visa proteger a integridade ecológica do ecossistema afetado, ao mesmo tempo em que atende as necessidades. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi determinar as vazões ecológicas para 06 pontos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte utilizando os métodos hidrológicos Q7,10, Curva de Permanência de Vazões, Tennant e o método hidráulico do Perímetro Molhado e, também, caracterizar as condições dos regimes de vazões nos pontos de estudo pelo método dos Indicadores de Alteração Hidrológica. Foram utilizados os dados das estações fluviométricas da ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas). Recomenda-se a adoção do método IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration) para verificar, principalmente, o comportamento dos cinco componentes de vazão considerados ecologicamente relevantes e, juntamente, aplicar, de acordo com as especificidades de cada local e os recursos financeiros disponíveis, outro método que não considere somente vazões mínimas a serem mantidas, mas sim uma série de valores de vazões que contemplem as variações intra e interanuais características dos regimes hidrológicos de cada local. Porém, considerando-se a impossibilidade da aplicação de métodos que contemplem vazões ecológicas variáveis ou hidrogramas ecológicos, recomenda-se, entre os métodos utilizados no presente estudo, a adoção da vazão Q90 como vazão ecológica para os pontos estudados por ser esta menos restritiva que as vazões obtidas com demais métodos e, por isso, ser capaz de contemplar uma gama maior de fatores ecológicos que manterão, na medida do possível, a integridade dos ecossistemas aquáticos.