Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-23T14:28:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luan Carlos Nesi.pdf: 100100607 bytes, checksum: 6012e0f177d7b8f3807de72ff7d98315 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T14:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luan Carlos Nesi.pdf: 100100607 bytes, checksum: 6012e0f177d7b8f3807de72ff7d98315 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Milton Valente / Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional de Hipermídia Adaptativa para geração de layouts de interface de aplicações. A pesquisa partiu de uma revisão sobre Hipermídia Adaptativa, com um apanhado sobre os conceitos e características dos métodos e técnicas de adaptação a fim de embasar seu desenvolvimento. Após, avaliou-se o uso das metaheurísticas Algoritmo Genético, Busca Tabu e Algoritmo Memético como as ferramentas de apoio no desenvolvimento do modelo. Na sequência, as Redes de Autômatos Estocásticos nortearam a modelagem do formalismo utilizado para a retenção de conhecimento. Dessas bases, foi desenvolvida a prova de conceito. Conseguinte, apresentam-se os experimentos realizados para validação. Os resultados obtidos pelo modelo foram de boa qualidade, indo ao encontro dos objetivos da pesquisa. Como decorrência deste trabalho, obteve-se um sistema capaz de gerar layouts, contemplando as características dos usuários e seus dispositivos, sendo capaz de acompanhar uma tendência de consumo de conteúdos não só mercadológica, mas também, social. / In this paper was developed a computational model of Adaptive Hypermedia for generation of interface layouts of applications. The research began with a review of Adaptive Hypermedia, with an overview of the concepts and characteristics of the methods and adaptation techniques in order to base its development. After, we evaluated the use of metaheuristic Genetic Algorithm, Tabu Search, and Memetic Algorithm as support tools in the development of the model. Following, the Stochastic Automata Networks guided the modeling of the formalism used for knowledge retention. These bases, the proof of concept were developed. Therefore, we present the experiments to validate. The obtained results by the model were of good quality, meeting the research objectives. As results of this work, we obtained a system capable to generate layouts, considering the characteristics of the users and their devices, being able to follow a trend of content consumption not only marketing, but also social.

[pt] Este trabalho está inserido no contexto de ambientes de autoria e execução hipermídia, sendo as linguagens declarativas para autoria de documentos o seu foco principal. Partindo de um estudo sobre linguagens de descrição de arquitetura (ADL), utilizadas para especificar arquiteturas de sistemas de software, esta tese identificou facilidades presentes em ADLs que poderiam ser aplicadas ao domínio hipermídia, com vantagens. Tendo como objetivo aumentar a expressividade e o reuso na especificação de relações em linguagens de autoria hipermídia, este trabalho introduziu o conceito de conector hipermídia, que tem função semelhante a dos conectores em ADLs, ou seja, a de representar relações entre componentes de um documento. Além de conectores, este trabalho também introduziu o conceito de template de composição hipermídia, que tem função semelhante a dos estilos arquiteturais em ADLs, ou seja, a de representar estruturas genéricas de nós e elos que podem ser reutilizadas em vários documentos distintos. Para realizar a validação dos conceitos apresentados, a versão 2.0 da linguagem de autoria hipermídia NCL - Nested Context Language, baseada no modelo conceitual NCM - Nested Context Model, foi desenvolvida e integrada ao sistema hipermídia HyperProp, incorporando as novas facilidades. A linguagem NCL 2.0 foi desenvolvida utilizando uma estrutura modular, seguindo os princípios adotados pelo W3C. Sendo assim, seus módulos para especificação de conectores e templates de composição, chamados XConnector e XTemplate respectivamente, podem ser incorporados a outras linguagens existentes, como por exemplo, XLink, XHTML e SMIL, usadas para autoria de documentos na Web. Esta tese também propõe extensões a essas linguagens, exemplificadas pela incorporação das facilidades de XConnector e XTemplate ao padrão XLink. / [en] This work is related to hypermedia authoring and execution environments, and its main focus is declarative document authoring. Starting from studies about architectural description languages (ADL), which are used for specifying software system architectures, this thesis identified facilities found in ADLs that could be applied to the hypermedia domain, with advantages. Aiming at improving the expressiveness and reuse in the specification of relations in hypermedia authoring languages, this work introduced the concept of hypermedia connector, which has a role similar to ADL connectors, that is, representing relations among components of a document. Besides connectors, this work also introduced the concept of hypermedia composite template, which has a role similar to architectural styles in ADLs, that is, representing generic structures of nodes and links that can be reused in several distinct documents. As a validation of the proposed concepts, the 2.0 version of the NCL - Nested Context Language - hypermedia authoring language, based on the NCM - Nested Context Model - conceptual model, was developed and integrated to the HyperProp hypermedia system, incorporating the new facilities. The NCL 2.0 language was developed using a modular structure, following the principles adopted by the W3C - World-Wide Web Consortium. Thus, its modules for the specification of connectors and templates, respectively called XConnector and XTemplate, can be incorporated to other existent languages, such as XLink, XHTML and SMIL, used for web document authoring. This thesis also proposes extensions to these languages, exemplified by the incorporation of XConnector and XTemplate facilities into the XLink standard.

A major challenge that faces most families is effectively anticipating how ready to start school a given child is. Traditional tests are not very effective as they depend on the skills of the expert conducting the test. It is argued that automated tools are more attractive especially when they are extended with games capabilities that would be the most attractive for the children to be seriously involved in the test. The first part of this thesis reviews the school readiness approaches applied in various countries. This motivated the development of the sophisticated system described in the thesis. Extensive research was conducted to enrich the system with features that consider machine learning and social network aspects. A modified genetic algorithm was integrated into a web-based stealth assessment tool for school readiness. The research goal is to create a web-based stealth assessment tool that can learn the user's skills and adjust the assessment tests accordingly. The user plays various sessions from various games, while the Genetic Algorithm (GA) selects the upcoming session or group of sessions to be presented to the user according to his/her skills and status. The modified GA and the learning procedure were described. A penalizing system and a fitness heuristic for best choice selection were integrated into the GA. Two methods for learning were presented, namely a memory system and a no-memory system. Several methods were presented for the improvement of the speed of learning. In addition, learning mechanisms were introduced in the social network aspect to address further usage of stealth assessment automation. The effect of the relatives and friends on the readiness of the child was studied by investigating the social communities to which the child belongs and how the trend in these communities will reflect on to the child under investigation. The plan is to develop this framework further by incorporating more information related to social network construction and analysis. Also, it is planned to turn the framework into a self adaptive one by utilizing the feedback from the usage patterns to learn and adjust the evaluation process accordingly.

[pt] Este trabalho está inserido no contexto de ambientes de autoria e execução hipermídia, sendo as linguagens declarativas para autoria de documentos o seu foco principal. Tendo-se como objetivo aumentar a expressividade e o reuso na especificação de documentos hipermídia, este trabalho introduz as linguagens XSMIL e NCL - Nested Context Language - versão 2.1. Utilizando- se o conceito de templates, X-SMIL permite a definição de novas semânticas para composições SMIL, além dos tradicionais elementos seq, par e excl. Templates, em X-SMIL, são especificados em um perfil de XTemplate, que estende a idéia original da linguagem XTemplate de NCL. Com base nas novas facilidades para definição de templates, esse perfil foi usado para especificar a linguagem NCL 2.1. X-SMIL também permite a especificação de conectores hipermídia, tratando relações hipermídia como entidades de primeira classe - funcionalidade incorporada em XSMIL pelo uso do módulo XConnector de NCL. Outro objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar um framework para o processamento de documentos XML. Utilizando-se esse framework, diversos compiladores foram implementados, o que possibilitou, entre outras funcionalidades, a conversão de documentos NCL em especificações SMIL ou X-SMIL e vice-versa. / [en] This work is related to hypermedia authoring and execution environments, and its main focus is declarative document authoring. Aiming at improving the expressiveness and reuse in the specification of hypermedia documents, this work introduces the hypermedia authoring languages X-SMIL and NCL - Nested Context Language - version 2.1. Exploiting the concept of templates, X-SMIL allows the definition of new semantics for SMIL compositions, besides its usual seq, par and excl elements. X-SMIL templates are specified using an XTemplate profile, which extends the original idea of the NCL XTemplate language. Bringing new facilities for template definitions, this new profile is used to further improve the NCL language. X-SMIL also offers support for handling hypermedia relations as first-class entities, through the use of hypermedia connectors - brought to X-SMIL via the NCL XConnector module. Another important goal of this work is to present a framework to facilitate the development of XML documents parsing and processing tools. Based on this framework, several compilers were implemented, permitting, among other features, the conversion of NCL documents into SMIL or X-SMIL specifications and vice- versa.

[pt] A abordagem orientada a objetos do padrão MPEG-4, para a codificação de conteúdo audiovisual, é similar às utilizadas em vários modelos e linguagens de especificação de documentos multimídia/hipermídia. Entre essas linguagens, a NCL (Nested Context Language), utilizada no sistema HyperProp, introduz uma série de novos conceitos que podem ser integrados ao padrão, com vantagens. Esta dissertação propõe, inicialmente, a conversão de documentos especificados em NCL para MPEG-4 (XMT-O) e vice-versa, permitindo que ferramentas de autoria e formatação possam ser utilizadas na especificação e exibição de documentos de ambas as linguagens. Este trabalho também propõe a incorporação de cenas MPEG-4 tanto como objetos de mídia quanto composições da linguagem NCL, permitindo o estabelecimento de relacionamentos entre cenas. Para permitir a exibição desses novos objetos NCL, é incorporado ao Formatador HyperProp um exibidor MPEG-4 capaz de reportar ao controlador a ocorrência de eventos que, entre outras coisas, permite o sincronismo entre cenas MPEG-4 e outros objetos NCL, incluindo outras cenas MPEG-4. Por fim, explorando o conceito de templates introduzido pela linguagem NCL, a capacidade de autoria no MPEG-4 é estendida, através da definição de novas semânticas para as composições da linguagem XMT-O e da concepção de compiladores para essa linguagem. / [en] The MPEG-4 standard object-oriented approach, employed to the encoding of audiovisual content, is similar to those used on many models and languages for multimedia/hypermedia document specification. Among those languages, the NCL (Nested Context Language), used in the HyperProp system, introduces a series of new concepts that can be integrated to the standard, with advantages. Initially, the proposal of this work is to convert NCL to MPEG-4 (XMT-O) documents and vice versa, allowing authoring and formatting tools to be used in the specification and presentation of documents in both languages. This work also proposes both the placing of MPEG-4 scenes as media objects and NCL language compositions, allowing the establishment of relationships among scenes. In order to allow displaying these new NCL objects, an MPEG-4 player is incorporated to the HyperProp Formatter. The MPEG-4 player is able to report to the controller the occurrence of events that, among other things, allows the synchronization between MPEG-4 scenes and othe r NCL objects, including other MPEG-4 scenes. Finally, exploring the concept of templates, introduced by the NCL language, the authoring in the MPEG-4 is improved, by means of the definition of new semantics for XMT-O language compositions and the design of compilers for this language.

Παρόλο που το υπερκείμενο ως τρόπος δόμησης πληροφορίας τυγχάνει ευρείας αποδοχής, μέχρι σήμερα τα Συστήματα Υπερκειμένου (ΣΥ) δεν έχουν καταφέρει να προσφέρουν τη λειτουργικότητά τους στο ευρύ κοινό σε ικανοποιητικό βαθμό. Οι σχεδιαστικές προσεγγίσεις των ΣΥ αλλά και η αδυναμία υποστήριξης των προγραμματιστών ξένων εφαρμογών για τη χρήση των υπηρεσιών υπερκειμένου οδήγησαν σε μία δυσμενή κατάσταση όσο αφορά στην αποδοτική παροχή υπηρεσιών υπερκειμένου. Το πρόβλημα αυτό ανέδειξε την αναγκαιότητα για την επαναπροσέγγιση των σχεδιαστικών αρχών των ΣΥ έχοντας ως βασική προτεραιότητα τη δημιουργία και την εύκολη παροχή υπηρεσιών υπερκειμένου στο ευρύ κοινό. Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται τη δημιουργία ενός πλαισίου για την παροχή υπηρεσιών υπερκειμένου σε ξένα συστήματα αλλά και την υποστήριξη της ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών διαδικτύου βασισμένες σε υπηρεσίες υπερκειμένου. Η υιοθέτηση της Αρχιτεκτονικής Προσανατολιζόμενης σε Υπηρεσίες – ΑΠΥ στο σχεδιασμό των ΣΥ αποτέλεσε την προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση της διατριβής. Η ανάπτυξη συστημάτων υπερκειμένου βασισμένα σε αρχές της ΑΠΥ αλλά και η παροχή υπηρεσιών υπερκειμένου στο διαδίκτυο με χρήση παγκοσμίων προτύπων επιχειρούν να διευκολύνουν την εκμετάλλευση της λειτουργικότητας των ΣΥ από χρήστες και από άλλα συστήματα. Έχοντας ως παράδειγμα υπάρχοντα ΑΣΥ αλλά και συστήματα υπερμέσων βασισμένα σε ψηφίδες (ΑΣΥ-ΒΨ) - όπως ο Callimachus - μελετήθηκε και χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνική των Web Services έτσι ώστε να είναι δυνατή η παροχή στο διαδίκτυο υπηρεσιών υπερμέσων διαφόρων λειτουργικών πεδίων (ταξινομίες, χωρική αναπαράσταση, πλοήγηση κ.α.) από υπάρχοντα συστήματα. Σημείο αναφοράς της εφαρμογής της προτεινόμενης τεχνικής υπήρξε το σύστημα Babylon. Το Babylon είναι ένα σύστημα παροχής υπηρεσιών ταξινόμησης, το οποίο σχεδιάστηκε και κατασκευάστηκε ως ψηφίδα του συστήματος Callimachus και κατόπιν μετεξελίχθηκε σε αυτόνομη υπηρεσία παγκόσμιου ιστού (Web Service). Επιπλέον, αναπτύχθηκε ένα σύστημα υποστήριξης συνεργασίας και λήψης αποφάσεων βασισμένο σε τεχνολογίες συστημάτων χωρικού υπερκειμένου και υπερκειμένου υποστήριξης επιχειρηματολογίας. Η ανάπτυξη έγινε εξ’ολοκλήρου βασισμένη στις αρχές της αρχιτεκτονικής προσανατολιζόμενης σε υπηρεσίες και η εκμετάλλευση των υπηρεσιών του είναι δυνατή τόσο μέσω του παγκοσμίου ιστού όσο και από εξωτερικές εφαρμογές χρησιμοποιώντας εξειδικευμένα Web Services. Τέλος, μελετήθηκε η δυνατότητα ανακάλυψης και αναζήτησης των υπηρεσιών υπερμέσων μέσα από ένα ολοκληρωμένο πλαίσιο υποστήριξης ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών που χρησιμοποιούν υπηρεσίες υπερκειμένου. Με την εφαρμογή της προτεινόμενης προσέγγισης και την αξιολόγηση της χρήσης των συστημάτων παράχθηκαν θετικά συμπεράσματα όσο αφορά στην αξιοποίηση των ΑΠΥ σε συστήματα υπερμέσων και με τον τρόπο αυτό τεκμηριώθηκε η χρησιμότητα της συνολικής προσέγγισης. / Although hypertext is considered as a widely accepted mean for information structuring, the provision of hypertext-related services has not yet reached a satisfactory level. Both the design principles of hypertext systems and the lack of developer support for the exploitation of hypermedia services lead to a low level of provision of the hypertext functionality from the world. This problem has highlighted the need for re-approaching the design principles of HSs under a different perspective in which the creation and the provision of a hypermedia service are crucial issues. This thesis focuses on the development of a framework aiming at both the provision of hypermedia service and the web application development support using hypermedia functionality. The adoption of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in the design of Hypermedia Systems (OHS) constitutes the main approach against the particular issue. The SOA based implementation of HSs together with the the provision of hypermedia services to the Internet through universal standards try to aid the exploitation of the hypermedia functionality from an open set of both users and systems. The OHSs together with the Component Based – OHSs (CB-OHSs) like Callimachus were the leading paradigm in this approach in which the web-service technique was both studied and adopted in order to provide to the Internet hypermedia services based on different hypermedia fields (taxonomic, spatial, navigational etc) provided by existing systems. The case study of this approach regards the Babylon system. It is a hypertext system designed to provide taxonomic services in the context of the entire Callimachus system as a single component. The Babylon system was later transformed to a taxonomic internet based service using the Web Service standards. Furthermore, a collaboration and decision making support tool based on spatial and argumentation support technologies was also implemented. The development was entirely based on SOA thus the provided services are available both from users or applications of the world wide web and 3rd party (external) applications by using the Web Services protocols. Finally, a study which concerns capabilities of discovering and searching of the hypermedia services has also taken place. The evaluation of the proposed approach extracted many positive conclusions regarding the utilization of SOA in the area of hypermedia systems.

[pt] A computação orientada a contexto (Context-Aware Computing) é um paradigma que se propõe a permitir que as aplicações descubram e tirem proveito das informações que as circundam em dado instante, tais como localização, recursos próximos, infra-estrutura disponível, preferências do usuário, além de outras. Muitas pesquisas realizadas nessa área estão focadas na computação móvel ou na computação ubíqua. Entretanto, mais recentemente, foi possível perceber que há vários aspectos que não estão apenas limitados ao universo da ubiqüidade e da mobilidade e que também podem beneficiar outros sistemas. Os sistemas multimídia/hipermídia mais completos devem apoiar todas as etapas que envolvem o tratamento de um documento, iniciando na sua concepção, abrangendo seu armazenamento e terminando com a apresentação do documento ao leitor (usuário final). Um requisito desejável desse tipo de sistema, em particular, diz respeito à presença de mecanismos que realizem a adaptação do documento, ou seja, que efetuem algum tipo de transformação para tornar o hiperdocumento o mais adequado ao contexto no qual ele estará sendo visualizado. Sistemas hipermídia dotados de estratégias de adaptação constituem um exemplo de aplicação orientada ao contexto. O objetivo desta dissertação é propor uma arquitetura de gerência de contexto, projetada e desenvolvida como uma estrutura independente e reutilizável por diferentes sistemas, em especial, os sistemas hipermídia. A arquitetura propõe um modelo para representação da informação contextual e uma estrutura genérica (framework) capaz de ser reutilizada e incorporada em diversas implementações. / [en] Context Aware Computing is a paradigm that allows applications to find and take profit from information that surrounds them at a given time, such as location, nearby resources, available infra-structure, user preferences, among others. Research in this area focuses on mobile or ubiquitous computing. However, recent research indicates that several aspects of this area are not limited to mobility and ubiquity. They can also profit from systems connected to other areas. Comprehensive multimedia/hypermedia systems must support all the phases of a document treatment. The treatment must encompass authoring, as well as storage and final presentation to the reader (end user). Particularly in this type of system, it is desirable to have tools that adapt the document, that is, tools that apply transformations to the hyper-document, making it adequate to the visualization. Hypermedia systems with adaptation strategies are an example of context-aware applications. The goal of this dissertation is to create a new architecture for context management: one architecture developed and built as an independent structure that may be reused by different systems, particularly by hypermedia systems. This architecture is based on a model of context information representation and on a recyclable framework that can be incorporated to several implementations.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-13T15:22:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Martins Ferreira Bueno - 2011.pdf: 2170812 bytes, checksum: ca9620fc2142f942080575c91a55e932 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-13T15:27:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Martins Ferreira Bueno - 2011.pdf: 2170812 bytes, checksum: ca9620fc2142f942080575c91a55e932 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T15:27:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Martins Ferreira Bueno - 2011.pdf: 2170812 bytes, checksum: ca9620fc2142f942080575c91a55e932 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-13 / Nowadays, e-learning has become an important source of knowledge, providing content without the limitation of time or space. In this context, Web-based education became an important sector. A large number of e-learning applications have utilized the Web to teach, mainly to provide distance learning. As a result of the substantial growth in elearning there has been an increase in the diversity of students that uses this environment to achieve their academic or professional backgrounds. In general, these students have di erent personal, social-cultural and cognitive characteristics. Adaptive Hypermedia Systems provide resources to assist this diverse public, they are able to consider the individual characteristics of students during the learning process. It is known that the representation of these features are often associated with uncertain and imprecise information. Given this context, this work proposes a Web-based Adaptive Educational Hypermedia System (with instructional content) that aims to personalize the process of distance learning. It has a student model that is able to represent the uncertainties related to the student's knowledge (characteristic of the students considered by the system) through the use of a Bayesian Network. This model is adjusted according to the answers provided by students in ability tests, which in turn are evaluated by a mathematical model of Item Response Theory. The experiment realized compared the results obtained by the proposed system, that is provided with adaptation (personalization) mechanisms, and other system that has no such mechanisms, in which the same content was presented to all the students. Statistical analysis of the collected data has shown a signi cant improvement in knowledge retention by the students who used the system provided with adaptation. However, it was expected, as a result of this improvement, that the levels of satisfaction reported by the students who used the proposed system were better than the levels reported by the students who used the system without adaptation, which was not evidenced by the gathered data. / Hoje em dia, o e-learning se tornou uma importante vertente na obtenção de conhecimento, fornecendo conteúdo sem a limitação de tempo ou espaço . Neste contexto, a educação baseada na Web tem recebido destaque. Inúmeras aplicações de e-learning tem se utilizado da Web para ensinar, principalmente para prover ensino a distancia. Como consequência do crescimento substancial do e-learning houve um aumento na diversidade dos alunos que fazem uso deste meio para a obtenção de suas formações acadêmicas ou prossionais. Em geral, estes alunos possuem diferentes características pessoais, sócio culturais e cognitivas. Os Sistemas Hiperm dia Adaptativos oferecem recursos para atender a este p ublico diverso, eles são capazes de considerar as características individuais dos alunos durante o processo de aprendizagem. Sabe-se que na representação destas características frequentemente estão associadas informações que são incertas e imprecisas. Diante do apresentado, este trabalho propõe um Sistema Hipermídia Adaptativo Educacional (com conteúdo instrucional) que tem como objetivo a personalização do processo de ensino a distância através da Web. Ele possui um modelo do aluno que e capaz de lidar com as incertezas relacionadas ao conhecimento dos alunos (caracteristica dos alunos considerada pelo sistema) através do uso de uma Rede Bayesiana. Este modelo e ajustado por respostas dadas pelos alunos em testes de habilidade, que são avaliadas por um modelo matemático da Teoria da Resposta ao Item. O experimento realizado comparou os resultados obtidos pelo sistema proposto, provido de mecanismos de adaptação (personalização), e outro sistema desprovido de adaptação, em que o mesmo conteúdo era apresentado a todos os alunos. A analise estatística dos dados coletados mostrou uma melhoria signicativa na retenção de conhecimento por parte dos alunos que zeram uso do sistema provido de adaptação. Entretanto, esperava-se, como consequência desta melhoria, que os níveis de satisfação informados pelos alunos que zeram uso do sistema proposto fossem superiores aos níveis informados pelos alunos que zeram uso do sistema desprovido de adaptação, fato não evidenciado pelos dados obtidos.