Introdução: Inatividade física é fator de risco para doenças não transmissíveis (DNTs). Dentre essas, destaca-se que a obesidade (central e adiposidade na região da cintura) é fator de risco independente para mortalidade. O International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) tem sido utilizado para investigar a epidemiologia da atividade física, com o objetivo de padronizar a investigação. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de atividade física segundo diferentes critérios e a associação com obesidade na população adulta de Porto Alegre/RS. Método: Este é um estudo transversal de base populacional, representativo da população adulta (18 a 90 anos) de Porto Alegre. É parte do estudo de Síndrome de Obesidade e Fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular (SOFT Study). Atividade física foi avaliada utilizando o IPAQ versão curta. Características demográficas e socioeconômicas foram investigadas. Obesidade foi determinada por índice de massa corporal P30 kg/m2 e adiposidade central pela circunferência da cintura. Características demográficas (cor da pele - auto-referida e categorizada em branca ou não-branca; idade - calculada a partir das datas de nascimento e entrevista), socioeconômicas (escolaridade - avaliada pelo número de anos completados na escola; ter trabalhado no mês precedente à entrevista, e status marital – categorizado em solteiro, separado ou viúvo, e casado ou com companheiro) e características de estilo de vida (consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas – definido para mulheres que consumiram P15 gramas/dia ou homens que consumiam P30 gramas/dia 12, tabagismo – categorizado em fumante atual, ex-fumante e não tabagistas. O módulo de amostras complexas foi utilizado para considerar o efeito do desenho, c2 de Pearson para analisar a relação entre exposição de interesse e obesidade. Taxas de prevalência e intervalo de confiança (IC 95%) foram calculados com o modelo de Regressão de Cox com tempo igual a um. Resultados: Entre os critérios de baixo nível de atividade física, dos 1858 adultos 30,5% eram insuficientemente ativos conforme o protocolo do IPAQ, 25,5% realizavam menos do que 150 minutos por semana, 38,6% despendiam menos do que 1000 kcal por semana e 34,5% passavam seis horas ou mais sentados por semana. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os sexos, com maior prevalência entre os homens, foram detectadas para atividades vigorosas P150 min/sem (26,9% vs. 14,2%), deslocamento P150 min/sem (51,1% vs. 43,8%), prática por tempo igual ou superior a 1000 minutos por semana (18,9% vs. 14,2%) e permanência sentado por semana maior ou igual a seis horas/dia (37,4% vs. 32,4%). A relação inversa com idade foi confirmada em todos os critérios de atividade física para as mulheres e na maior parte dos critérios para os homens. Exceção constitui comportamento sedentário, associado à idade apenas entre os homens e com maior prevalência entre os mais jovens. Ao analisar a associação de alto nível de atividade física com obesidade, identificou-se na amostra que 25% eram muito ativos, 21% eram obesos e 29% tinham obesidade central. Homens e mulheres, respectivamente, apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto à prevalência de obesidade (17,5 vs. 23,5%, p=0,006), obesidade central (17,5 vs. 37,3%, p<0,001), mas não em relação a alto nível de atividade física (26,3 vs. 24,7%, p=0,5). A relação inversa de alto nível de atividade física com idade foi confirmada para homens (p<0,001) e mulheres (p<0,001), mas associação independente de alto nível de atividade física com menor risco de obesidade só foi caracterizada para mulheres (p=0,01). Conclusão: As prevalências de atividade física variam com a definição, mas os critérios do IPAQ e a duração maior ou igual a 150 minutos/semana se assemelham. As prevalências identificadas pelo IPAQ em Porto Alegre são semelhantes as descritas para o Brasil. A atividade física de alto nível é menos propensa a viés de aferição. E a associação com obesidade deve reproduzir a realidade. Na população de Porto Alegre a associação entre atividade física de alto nível e obesidade não foi confirmada para homens. Entre as mulheres, a associação foi significativa e independente de outros fatores de confusão. / Introduction: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD). Among them, central obesity and waist adiposity stand out as an independent risk factor for mortality. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) has been used to assess physical activity epidemiology, aiming to standardize the investigation. Objective: To assess the prevalence of physical activity according to different criteria and its association with obesity in adults in the city of Porto Alegre, south Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study, representative of the adult population (18-90years old) of Porto Alegre. It is part of the Study of Obesity and Risk Factors (SOFT study). Physical activity was assessed using the short version of IPAQ. Obesity was determined by body-mass index P 30kg/m2, and central adiposity by waist circumference. Demographic (skin color, self referred and categorized in white or non-white; age, calculated from birth and interview dates), socioeconomic (education, defined as number of years in scholl; working during the month prior to the interview; marital status, categorized in single, divorced or widowed, and married), and life style (abusive alcohol consumption, defined as P15g/day for women and P 30g/day for men; smoking, categorized in current smokers, non-smokers, and ex-smokers) characteristics were investigated. The SPSS complex samples module was used to consider the design effect. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to analyze the relation among obesity and the variables of interest. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox regression with time set to 1. Results: Using the different criteria for low physical activity, 30.5% of 1858 adults were insufficiently active according to the IPAQ protocol, 25.5% performed less than 150 minutes of physical activity per week, 38.6% spent less than 1000kcal per week, and 34.5% spent six hours or more sitting per week. Statistically significant differences were detected between men and women, with a higher prevalence for men, for P150min/week of vigorous activities (26.9 vs. 14.2%), P 150min/week of walking (51.1 vs. 43.8%), P 1000min/week of practice (18.9 vs. 14.2%), and P 6h/day sitting (37.4 vs. 32.4%). Inverse correlation with age was confirmed in al criteria of physical activity for women, and on most criteria for men. An exception was sedentary behavior, associated to age only among men and with higher prevalence among young individuals. Analyzing the association of high level of physical activity with obesity, we identified that 25% of the sample were very active, 21% were obese and 29% ha central obesity. Men and women had significant differences regarding obesity (17.5 vs. 23.5%, p= 0.006) and central obesity (17.5 vs. 37.3%, p<0.001) prevalence, but not regarding high level of physical activity (26.3 vs. 24.7%, p=0.5). The inverse association of high physical activity level with age was confirmed for men (p<0.001) and women (p<0.001), but association independent of high physical activity level with less risk of obesity was only confirmed for women (p=0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of physical activity varies according to definition, but IPAQ criteria and duration P 150min/week are similar. The prevalences identified by IPAQ in Porto Alegre are similar to those described in Brazil. High level physical activity is less prone to reporting bias, and its association with obesity should reproduce reality. In the population of Porto Alegre the associations between high level physical activity and obesity was not confirmed for men. Among women, the association was positive and independent of other confusion factors.

Introdução: Inatividade física é fator de risco para doenças não transmissíveis (DNTs). Dentre essas, destaca-se que a obesidade (central e adiposidade na região da cintura) é fator de risco independente para mortalidade. O International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) tem sido utilizado para investigar a epidemiologia da atividade física, com o objetivo de padronizar a investigação. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de atividade física segundo diferentes critérios e a associação com obesidade na população adulta de Porto Alegre/RS. Método: Este é um estudo transversal de base populacional, representativo da população adulta (18 a 90 anos) de Porto Alegre. É parte do estudo de Síndrome de Obesidade e Fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular (SOFT Study). Atividade física foi avaliada utilizando o IPAQ versão curta. Características demográficas e socioeconômicas foram investigadas. Obesidade foi determinada por índice de massa corporal P30 kg/m2 e adiposidade central pela circunferência da cintura. Características demográficas (cor da pele - auto-referida e categorizada em branca ou não-branca; idade - calculada a partir das datas de nascimento e entrevista), socioeconômicas (escolaridade - avaliada pelo número de anos completados na escola; ter trabalhado no mês precedente à entrevista, e status marital – categorizado em solteiro, separado ou viúvo, e casado ou com companheiro) e características de estilo de vida (consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas – definido para mulheres que consumiram P15 gramas/dia ou homens que consumiam P30 gramas/dia 12, tabagismo – categorizado em fumante atual, ex-fumante e não tabagistas. O módulo de amostras complexas foi utilizado para considerar o efeito do desenho, c2 de Pearson para analisar a relação entre exposição de interesse e obesidade. Taxas de prevalência e intervalo de confiança (IC 95%) foram calculados com o modelo de Regressão de Cox com tempo igual a um. Resultados: Entre os critérios de baixo nível de atividade física, dos 1858 adultos 30,5% eram insuficientemente ativos conforme o protocolo do IPAQ, 25,5% realizavam menos do que 150 minutos por semana, 38,6% despendiam menos do que 1000 kcal por semana e 34,5% passavam seis horas ou mais sentados por semana. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os sexos, com maior prevalência entre os homens, foram detectadas para atividades vigorosas P150 min/sem (26,9% vs. 14,2%), deslocamento P150 min/sem (51,1% vs. 43,8%), prática por tempo igual ou superior a 1000 minutos por semana (18,9% vs. 14,2%) e permanência sentado por semana maior ou igual a seis horas/dia (37,4% vs. 32,4%). A relação inversa com idade foi confirmada em todos os critérios de atividade física para as mulheres e na maior parte dos critérios para os homens. Exceção constitui comportamento sedentário, associado à idade apenas entre os homens e com maior prevalência entre os mais jovens. Ao analisar a associação de alto nível de atividade física com obesidade, identificou-se na amostra que 25% eram muito ativos, 21% eram obesos e 29% tinham obesidade central. Homens e mulheres, respectivamente, apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto à prevalência de obesidade (17,5 vs. 23,5%, p=0,006), obesidade central (17,5 vs. 37,3%, p<0,001), mas não em relação a alto nível de atividade física (26,3 vs. 24,7%, p=0,5). A relação inversa de alto nível de atividade física com idade foi confirmada para homens (p<0,001) e mulheres (p<0,001), mas associação independente de alto nível de atividade física com menor risco de obesidade só foi caracterizada para mulheres (p=0,01). Conclusão: As prevalências de atividade física variam com a definição, mas os critérios do IPAQ e a duração maior ou igual a 150 minutos/semana se assemelham. As prevalências identificadas pelo IPAQ em Porto Alegre são semelhantes as descritas para o Brasil. A atividade física de alto nível é menos propensa a viés de aferição. E a associação com obesidade deve reproduzir a realidade. Na população de Porto Alegre a associação entre atividade física de alto nível e obesidade não foi confirmada para homens. Entre as mulheres, a associação foi significativa e independente de outros fatores de confusão. / Introduction: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD). Among them, central obesity and waist adiposity stand out as an independent risk factor for mortality. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) has been used to assess physical activity epidemiology, aiming to standardize the investigation. Objective: To assess the prevalence of physical activity according to different criteria and its association with obesity in adults in the city of Porto Alegre, south Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study, representative of the adult population (18-90years old) of Porto Alegre. It is part of the Study of Obesity and Risk Factors (SOFT study). Physical activity was assessed using the short version of IPAQ. Obesity was determined by body-mass index P 30kg/m2, and central adiposity by waist circumference. Demographic (skin color, self referred and categorized in white or non-white; age, calculated from birth and interview dates), socioeconomic (education, defined as number of years in scholl; working during the month prior to the interview; marital status, categorized in single, divorced or widowed, and married), and life style (abusive alcohol consumption, defined as P15g/day for women and P 30g/day for men; smoking, categorized in current smokers, non-smokers, and ex-smokers) characteristics were investigated. The SPSS complex samples module was used to consider the design effect. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to analyze the relation among obesity and the variables of interest. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox regression with time set to 1. Results: Using the different criteria for low physical activity, 30.5% of 1858 adults were insufficiently active according to the IPAQ protocol, 25.5% performed less than 150 minutes of physical activity per week, 38.6% spent less than 1000kcal per week, and 34.5% spent six hours or more sitting per week. Statistically significant differences were detected between men and women, with a higher prevalence for men, for P150min/week of vigorous activities (26.9 vs. 14.2%), P 150min/week of walking (51.1 vs. 43.8%), P 1000min/week of practice (18.9 vs. 14.2%), and P 6h/day sitting (37.4 vs. 32.4%). Inverse correlation with age was confirmed in al criteria of physical activity for women, and on most criteria for men. An exception was sedentary behavior, associated to age only among men and with higher prevalence among young individuals. Analyzing the association of high level of physical activity with obesity, we identified that 25% of the sample were very active, 21% were obese and 29% ha central obesity. Men and women had significant differences regarding obesity (17.5 vs. 23.5%, p= 0.006) and central obesity (17.5 vs. 37.3%, p<0.001) prevalence, but not regarding high level of physical activity (26.3 vs. 24.7%, p=0.5). The inverse association of high physical activity level with age was confirmed for men (p<0.001) and women (p<0.001), but association independent of high physical activity level with less risk of obesity was only confirmed for women (p=0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of physical activity varies according to definition, but IPAQ criteria and duration P 150min/week are similar. The prevalences identified by IPAQ in Porto Alegre are similar to those described in Brazil. High level physical activity is less prone to reporting bias, and its association with obesity should reproduce reality. In the population of Porto Alegre the associations between high level physical activity and obesity was not confirmed for men. Among women, the association was positive and independent of other confusion factors.

Background: The transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a common congenital heart disease. In the 1980s the Senning procedure was the major approach in correction of TGA in the Czech Republic. Although the most recent operation technique called arterial switch is the method of first choice nowadays, patients after Senning procedure are still visiting the cardiology centre. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the relationship between the selected parameters from the exercise test and quantified level of physical activity (PA) in these individuals. Methods: 71 patients after the Senning procedure underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test and they completed an international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Selected data from the questionnaire and the exercise test were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient (p < 0,05). Results: 56 patients meet criteria of IPAQ (71 % male, n = 40) and were included in the study. Total PA averaged 6576 ± 5204 MET-minutes/week (median 5271 MET-minutes/week) and 70 % individuals meet criteria for high level of PA according to IPAQ data. Peak VO2 averaged 31,9 ± 6,6 ml/min/kg, maximum heart rate was 177 ± 18,6 beats per minute, the highest work load was 2,7 ± 0,8 W/kg and systolic blood pressure was 185 ± 24,0 mmHg. We found statistically significant...

Two overall national health goals are to increase the quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities. Physical inactivity is a leading cause of disability and death due to its relationship with overweight and chronic disease. Hispanic women are less physically active than Hispanic men and Anglo women in leisure time physical activity and recommended levels of physical activity (PA). From a developmental perspective, understanding prevalence and correlates of PA in emerging adulthood may make a significant contribution to increasing PA as women move into full adulthood. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) advanced by Pender provided the framework for examining beliefs about PA and other correlates of PA. This study also developed and tested a scale measuring beliefs about PA (BPA) that tried to access cultural differences between non-Hispanic and Hispanic women. The study was carried out by electronic solicitation to randomly selected non-Hispanic and Hispanic students from 3 southwestern universities and yielded 237 complete online surveys. Instruments comprising the survey included the Short-version of the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS), Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE), Social Support for Exercise Survey for Family and Friends (SSFA, SSFR), BPA, the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA II), and questions about SES. Statistical procedures included factor analysis, t-tests, and multi-sample path analysis. Respondents included 80 non-Hispanic and 157 Hispanic women, aged 18-27. Factor analysis of the BPA produced 7 subscales accounting for 68% of the explained variance (spirituality, role enhancement, socialization preferences, personal benefits, cultural beliefs, exercise difficulty, and women’s roles). Independent sample t-tests indicated group means for spirituality and cultural beliefs significantly differed, as did total BPA, acculturation, & SES. Path analysis provided evidence for a model with good fit for both groups. Significant path coefficients to vigorous PA included benefits, SE, and SSFA. Total indirect effects for SES to vigorous PA through SE and SSFA were significant. Acculturation, SES, SSFR, and BPA were not significant predictors of vigorous PA. / text

The overall aim of the thesis was to add some pieces to the etiological puzzle of LCPD with special focus on vascular origin and hyperactivity. Furthermore we wanted to evaluate some consequences of LCPD in adulthood. Swedish registry data were used to identify a cohort of patients with the diagnosis of LCPD. This cohort was compared with a general population– based cohort without LCPD to assess the relative risk of cardiovascular diseases, blood or coagulation defects, injury, ADHD, depression and mortality. In a clinical study we assessed health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), physical activity level (IPAQ) and screened for ADHD (ASRSv1.1) in 116 patients with a history of LCPD who were diagnosed or treated in Uppsala University Hospital between 1978 and 1995. The results confirmed our hypothesis: Patients with a history of LCPD had a 1.7-fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, and a 1.4-fold higher risk for blood or coagulation defects compared with gender- and age-matched individuals without LCPD. We found a 1.2-fold higher risk for injuries requiring hospital admission than in gender- and age-matched individuals without LCPD. The risk was more pronounced among females. Furthermore, we found a 1.5-fold higher risk for ADHD. Stratified analysis revealed a 2.1-fold higher risk for ADHD among females with LCPD than among females without LCPD. The risk for depression was 1.3-fold higher, and more pronounced among females with LCPD. Patients with LCPD had a slightly higher mortality risk with higher risk for death from suicide and cardiovascular causes. Patients with a history of LCPD reported a lower health-related quality of life and were more physically active than the Swedish population norm. 28% of 116 patients were likely to have ADHD or had already been diagnosed with ADHD. Both vascular and blood diseases could be present even in childhood and could, in combination with hyperactive behavior pattern and a high physical activity level, contribute to the etiology of LCPD. The lower health-related quality of life and higher risk for depression might reflect the mental burden of LCPD. Patients with LCPD have a higher mortality risk with higher risk for death from suicide and cardiovascular causes.

Diploma thesis "Vliv řízeného tréninku na habituální pohybovou aktivitu pacientů s diabetes mellitus 2. typu" in the theoretical part deals with Type 2 diabetes (DM2T), its complications and possibilities of its therapy. Emphasis is put on physical activity as the main non-pharmacological mean influencing insulin resistance. The basic health aspects of physical activity, general recommendations and specific sport activities for DM2T patients are mentioned. We also focus on potential risks related to physical exercises. Furthermore, we examine habitual physical activity, meaning energy expenditure in daily activities. The objective of the practical part of this thesis is to determine the level of habitual physical activity of DM2T patients and to show how it is influenced by stationary bicycle exercises. The impact of regular physical activity on the health indicators, physical fitness and anthropometric parameters, is examined. The sample of patients includes 20 individuals with DM2T, who have completed insulin therapy and currently are cured with peroral antidiabetics and regime measures. Pedometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) are used in order to monitor habitual physical activity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existe correlación entre los conocimientos sobre las consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física de las personas. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico durante los años 2013 y 2014. Participaron 215 alumnos de pregrado seleccionados por conveniencia no relacionados a carreras del campo de la salud en una universidad de Lima, Perú. Se evaluó el grado de actividad física utilizando el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y el nivel de conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad utilizando la escala Obesity Risk Knowledge-10 (ORK-10). También, se consignó las fuentes de información de donde obtuvieron el conocimiento para responder dicho cuestionario. Resultados. La mediana de edad fue 20 (rango intercuartílico=4) y 63% eran mujeres. De acuerdo al IPAQ, 53,9% realizaban actividad física alta, 35,4%, moderada y 10,7%, leve. Se encontró una correlación muy baja (rs=0,06) entre el puntaje del ORK-10 y la cantidad de equivalentes metabólicos/minuto consumidos por semana, pero no era significativa (p=0,38). Las personas informadas por medios de comunicación y por personal de salud obtuvieron mayores puntajes en el ORK- 10 que quienes se informaron por otras vías (p<0,05). Conclusiones. La correlación entre los conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física es muy baja. Es necesario utilizar enfoques multidisciplinarios que incluyan todos los determinantes de la realización de actividad física para poder lograr cambios en la conducta de la población.