TITLE: Videoconference at school AUTHOR: Petr Karadžos DEPARTMENT: Department of technical and informatics education SUPERVISOR: doc. RNDr. František Lustig, CSc. ABSTRACT: The theoretical goal is based on overview of videoconferencing solutions regarding to usage in educational process and overview of application videoconferencing solutions. Moreover, theory part is also focused on how videoconferences are working according to technical background. The descriptions of signaling process between two or more ending points and how are multimedia data transmitted during videoconference calls. The topic of practical part is to analyze how videoconferences can be used as technical educational tools in learning environment based on videoconferencing pilot project. KEYWORDS: Videoconferencing, H.323, SIP, webinar, multimedia, ICT, Multicast, Moodle, GoToWebinar

TITLE: ICT as a possible implement for education in nursery school utilization of intranet to communicate faster, nursery management and further education itself, ICT Integration into nursery school AUTHOR: Bc. Ivana Koppová DEPARTMENT: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Education, Centre for Management Education SUPERVISOR: Ing. Petr Svoboda, Ph.D. Abstract One of the important parts of the activities of the kidergarten and preschool education in a comprehensive approach is the using of ICT knowledge and skills during nursery management, further education, planning, integration of ICT in Kindergarten and above all in pre-school educational process. Characteristics of the process of this activity is contained in the thesis, which describes, explains and deals with the procedures not only theoretically, but also in practical examples. It tries to provide certain analysis of the situation, continuity of requests and matters of fact in practice of kindergarten. Using of computer technology in business management, education of adults and children is undoubtedly necessary, has its good reason and its advantages. The practical part of the thesis brings possibility of application and use of the project in the intranet medium in kidergarten with separated workplaces. The part of this thesis is the research,...

Esta pesquisa analisa situações de diálogo e interação pelo computador e web motivados por temas, autores e conceitos da disciplina Sociologia. Investiga as potencialidades dialógicas de construção do conhecimento em situações de diálogos virtuais entre alunos e o professor da disciplina - em uma modalidade de ensino apoiado por recursos da web que ocorrem fora do espaço-tempo da aula tradicional. Tem como hipóteses verificar se o compartilhamento de informações através da rede e a mediação tecnológica são demandas incorporadas pela escola e se a comunicação em ambientes virtuais amplia a perspectiva dialógica de construção do conhecimento escolar, na qual o professor enquanto provocador cognitivo (PICONEZ) possa (re)avaliar as relações ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina Sociologia. Sob a perspectiva da pesquisa-ação, foi estruturada na observação e participação direta e análise qualitativa de situações concretas de diálogos educacionais em ambiência virtual envolvendo as seguintes ferramentas tecnológicas: correio eletrônico (e-mail), pesquisa pela internet, análise a partir da exibição de filmes em DVD, interações através de um BLOG publicado pela professora e reuniões através do MSN. A proposta dos temas e a análise dos diálogos dão-se a partir da perspectiva de uma rede sinérgica, isto é, de que o conhecimento é resultado da articulação de reflexões individuais. Estas reflexões são orientadas e motivadas pelos objetivos da disciplina Sociologia, explicitados nas Orientações Curriculares Nacionais (OCN), documento oficial do governo, elaborado por especialistas das Ciências Humanas e complementar aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN). Tais objetivos estão representados no processo da disciplina Sociologia e sua abordagem requer a presença de um professor que oriente sua prática pelos princípios dialógicos da construção do conhecimento a partir da reflexão de todos os envolvidos no ato educativo; pelo compromisso com a educação problematizadora (FREIRE), em seu papel transformador e emancipatório representada pela função social da escola. Os resultados apontam que o uso das tecnologias de comunicação amplia o espaço-tempo da aula presencial e permite que os objetos da disciplina se articulem ao cotidiano do aluno. Também apontam para a necessidade de inserção - pela escola - do uso dessas tecnologias e o reconhecimento de suas potencialidades pedagógicas. As Tecnologias de Informação e de Comunicação (TIC) ampliam a função social dos conteúdos da disciplina ao permitir que a reflexão sobre a própria realidade - pelo aluno - possa ser complementada sob perspectiva da interatividade como elemento constitutivo do novo modelo conversacional, descentrado e bidirecional. A mediação tecnológica, nos diálogos virtuais, proporciona terreno fértil de novos (outros) contornos à prática (mediação) pedagógica orientada pelos princípios da dialogicidade ao permitir, entre outros aspectos, que os alunos proponham novos temas para as aulas, realizem novas leituras e interpretações e tenham acesso permanente ao professor. Tal postura metodológica constata a presença de transformações na arquitetura de poder da sala de aula tradicional polarizada na figura do mestre. As TIC possibilitam pela cooperação e diálogo crítico-reflexiva, ampliação da rede sinérgica do conhecimento favorecendo a dialogicidade, interação e mediação pedagógica e tecnológica incrementando a qualidade da relação entre os atores do ato educativo abrindo novos caminhos para construção do conhecimento em Sociologia. / This research examines situations of dialogue and interaction through the computer and web motivated by subject, authors and concepts of the Sociology discipline. Investigates the potential of dialogical construction of knowledge in situations of virtual dialogues between students and teacher of the discipline - in a mode of teaching supported by web resources that occur outside the space-time of traditional classroom. It has as hypothesis to verify if the sharing of information through the network and the technological mediation demands are incorporated by the school and whether the communication in virtual environments broadens the dialogical perspective of scholar knowledges construction, in which the teacher as a provocative cognitive (PICONEZ) may (re)evaluate the relationships in the teaching-learning Sociology discipline. From the perspective of the action research, it was structured in the observation and direct participation and qualitative analysis of concrete situations of conversations involving virtual educational environment, the following technology tools: electronic mail (e-mail), researches on the internet, analysis from the exhibition of DVD movies, interactions through a blog published by the teacher and meetings through MSN. The proposal of the issues and analysis of the dialogues from the perspective are from a synergistic network, that is, that knowledge is the result of the articulation of individual thoughts. These thoughts are guided and motivated by the goals of the Sociology discipline, explained in the National Curriculum Guidelines (OCN), official government document, prepared by experts from the Social Sciences and complementary to the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN). Such goals are represented in the process of Sociology discipline and its approach requires the presence of a teacher to guide the practice through the dialogical principles of the construction of knowledge from the reflection of all those involved in the education act; the commitment to education problematizing (FREIRE), its role as a transformers and emancipator represented by the social function of the school. The results indicate that the use of communication technologies broadens the space-time of the presential class and allows the objects of discipline to articulate the student\'s daily life. They also point the need of integration for the school for the use of these technologies and the recognition of their educational potential. The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) expand the social content of the discipline by allowing the discussion about the reality -by the student may be supplemented under the perspective of interactivity as a component of the new conversational model, off center and bidirectional. The technological mediation, in virtual dialogues, provides fertile ground for new (other) outlines to practice (mediation) guided by the principles of dialogicality when allowing, among other things, that the students propose new topics for classes, performing new interpretations and readings and have permanent access to the teacher. This methodological posture constates the presence of changes in the architecture power in the classroom in the traditional figure of the polarized master. The ICT allows by the cooperation and critical-reflexive dialogue, synergistic expansion of the network of knowledge favoring dialogicality, interaction and pedagogical and technological mediation increasing the quality of the relationship between the actors of the education action opening new avenues for the construction of knowledge in Sociology.

Esta pesquisa refere-se a um estudo de caso realizado com um grupo de professores dos Ensinos Público e Privado, em que foram analisadas suas ações e práticas pedagógicas antes e após um curso de formação continuada: Uso das TIC como recurso educacional para professores de ciências, promovida pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (FE-USP), com o objetivo de verificar se após um curso de formação continuada foi desenvolvida a autonomia docente quanto à escolha e utilização de recursos tecnológicos informacionais, como estratégia de ensino e de aprendizagem. Como metodologia, numa primeira etapa, foi adotada uma pesquisa descritiva, com levantamento de dados de caráter qualitativo, associado à apresentação de dados quantitativos. Foram aplicados dois questionários semiabertos, sendo o primeiro no início do curso e o segundo ao término da formação continuada. Posteriormente foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com parte do grupo concluinte da formação. O curso contou com dez participantes na sua totalidade e desse total, sete foram entrevistados. Os dados foram organizados em categorias e subcategorias criadas a partir da análise das entrevistas. Neste estudo de caso, observou-se que após o curso de formação oferecido, algumas mudanças ocorreram para alguns docentes. Os entrevistados relataram transformações em suas práticas profissionais após realização do curso, como por exemplo, identificar, avaliar e utilizar os recursos apresentados conforme suas necessidades, considera-se portanto, que ocorreu a aquisição de novos conhecimentos referentes à utilização de diferentes estratégias de ensino com o uso das TIC. Para que ocorra a melhoria na qualidade de ensino entende-se a necessidade de se investir na formação continuada de docentes e gestores, na infraestrutura das escolas, na adoção de políticas públicas que tratem da capacitação tecnológica para professores, de forma que seja implementado um conjunto de ações para a melhoria da aprendizagem e para o desenvolvimento da autonomia docente, de forma que suas escolhas sejam conscientes, coerentes e livres e assim possam contribuir para a educação de qualidade que tanto se almeja. / This research is a case study based on a group of teachers of the Public and Private Schools, in which were analyzed the teachers actions and pedagogical practices before and after a continued formation course named The use of TIC as an education resource to Science teachers, promoted by Faculty of Education, University of São Paulo (FE-USP). The objective was to verify if after a continue formation course the teachers autonomy about the decision of which technologic resources, such as teaching strategies and learning, is developed. As methodology, in a first stage, was embraced a descriptive research, in which qualitative data was associated to a quantitative data presented. Where applied two partially opened questionnaires: the first at the beginning of the course and the second by the end of it. Later, partially structured interviews were realized with the group that has finished the course. The course has counted with a total of ten participants of whom seven where interviewed. The data was categorized in categories and sub-categories made by the interview analysis. In this case study was noticed that after the formation course some change had happened to some teachers. Respondents reported changes in their professional practice after completion of the course, for example, to identify, evaluate and use the resources presented to your needs, it is considered therefore that was the acquisition of new knowledge concerning the use of different teaching strategies with the use of ICT.To improve the teaching quality we believe is necessary to invest in the continued formation for teachers and managers, to invest in the Schools infrastructure, in public practices directed to professional training for teachers, so that it could be implemented a set of actions to improve the learning and to develop the teachers autonomy in a way that their choices are conscious, coherent and free to contribute for the quality education that is aimed.

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) vêm sendo utilizadas massivamente em processos participativos realizados por governos de diferentes partes do mundo e também no Brasil. No entanto, tais iniciativas carecem de estudos com viés da administração e gestão pública. A pesquisa analisa este fenômeno sob a ótica de capacidades de governo de maneira articulada ao projeto político e à governabilidade do sistema. A pesquisa identifica quais as capacidades políticas, institucionais, técnicas e administrativas relacionadas à utilização de TICs em processos de participação social. A partir de um referencial teórico-conceitual multidisciplinar, a pesquisa lança mão da metodologia de estudo de caso da consulta pública online do Marco Civil da Internet para a identificação de capacidades. Desenvolve, para essa análise, o conceito próprio de Capacidades de Governo relacionadas ao uso de TICs em Processos de Participação Social (CGTPS) e aponta as principais condicionantes do desenvolvimento, gestão e implementação desse tipo de iniciativa no governo brasileiro. A pesquisa propugna pela aplicabilidade da ótica de capacidades de governo para a análise da utilização de TICs em ferramentas de participação social, bem como pelo necessário fortalecimento de capacidades específicas para a consolidação e melhoria desse tipo de iniciativa. Por fim, aponta desafios e possibilidades a respeito da criação de tecnologia e inovação no setor público em ações de participação social / Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been used massively in participatory processes undertaken by governments in different parts of the world and also in Brazil. However, these initiatives lack studies which take into account an administration and public management slant. The research analyzes this phenomenon from the perspective of state capacity in an articulated way with the government project and the system governability. The research identifies which political, institutional, technical and administrative capacities are related to the use of ICT in participatory processes. Having the construction of a multidisciplinary theoretical and conceptual framework as a starting point, the research then applies the case study methodology to the online public consultation of Brazilian Internet Civil Rights Law aiming at the identification of state capacities. It also develops the concept of State Capacities related to the use of ICT in Participatory Processes (SCIPP) and outlines the main constraints to the development, management and implementation of this type of initiative in the Brazilian government. The research concludes that it is possible to apply a state capacity perspective to the analysis of the use of ICT in participatory tools. It also points toward the necessity of strengthening specific capacities for the consolidation and improvement of this type of initiative. Finally, it points out challenges and opportunities to the creation of technology and innovation in the public sector regarding participatory actions

Background: Aspects of digital competence associated with occupation, participation, well-being, and health are core concerns of occupational therapy. Nevertheless, there is limited information collected about stroke survivors’ digital competences. Consequences of digitalization are lacking clarity in the field of occupational therapy.  Aim/Objective: The purpose of the study is to (1) explore the literature and identify digital competences for older adults to participate in eHealth and, in relation to that, (2) describe stroke survivors’ digital competences in eHealth. Material and Methods: Scoping review aimed to examine the extent, range, and nature of the literature on digital competences of stroke survivors’ in eHealth and identify research gaps. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Results: 13 studies met the inclusion criteria from 599 identified. Three themes emerged: ‘Information and data literacy’, ‘Communication and Collaboration’, and ‘Problem solving’. Conclusions: Methodological gaps in the study revealed that before doing an intervention study in telerehabilitation, there is a need for occupational therapists to consider stroke survivors’ needs of education about technology and eHealth in order to ensure successful participation. Significance: Further studies in the field can encourage occupational therapy with its unique focus on occupation contribute to the changes digitalisation brought into peoples’ everyday live.

This study examines what motivates language teachers in primary school to use ICT and what attitudes they have towards ICT. Six teachers working in four different Swedish primary schools between the first and third grade were interviewed. The teachers actively used some kind of ICT resource during their English lessons. The study showed that external factors such as requirements from the school and local school authorities motivate teachers to work more actively with ICT. These external motivators can influence the teacher’s perception and use of ICT in both positive and negative ways. When it comes to internal factors that affect the teachers’ motivation to use ICT in English, the most important factor is whether they consider ICT tools to be a positive addition to their teaching and whether a good balance between digital and traditional tools can be achieved to accommodate every student’s need.

Plusieurs études ont montré que l’usage croissant des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) dans la vie professionnelle et personnelle a largement contribué au brouillage des frontières entre ces deux sphères. La perméabilité reflète le degré auquel l’individu peut être psychologiquement et/ou comportementalement engagé dans un domaine, mais physiquement et temporellement présent dans un autre. Notre objectif est d’identifier les déterminants de la perméabilité des frontières ainsi que les différents modèles d’articulation entre ces deux domaines de vie, basés sur l’usage des TIC. La méthodologie utilisée est mixte, qualitative et quantitative. Les résultats de la première étude réalisée sur la base d’un questionnaire auprès 241 personnes, confirment, d’une part, que les frontières personnelles sont les plus perméables et qu’elles dépendent de plusieurs variables organisationnelles ainsi que des caractéristiques de travail, d’autre part, que la perméabilité des frontières professionnelles ne dépend que de la flexibilité du travail. Quatre modèles d’articulation ont été identifiés: la segmentation, le débordement, l’intégration et l’hybridation. La deuxième étude conduite selon la méthode des scénarios, a permis de restituer les modèles d’articulation dans une perspective dynamique et évolutive. Les individus changent de manières de gérer leurs frontières de vie, en fonction de leur âge, des changements de leur situation familiale et professionnelle et du climat organisationnel. L’ensemble des résultats sont discutés d’un point de vue théorique, méthodologique et pratique / Several studies has shown that the increased use of information and communications technology (ICT) in professional and personal life has largely contributed to the blurring of the boundaries between these two spheres. The resultant permeability reflects the degree to which the individual can be psychologically and / or behaviorally engaged in one area, but physically and temporally present in another. Our goal is to identify the determinants of porous personal and professional borders and the different models of articulation between these two areas of life, based on the use of information and communications technology. We used a mixed, qualitative and quantitative methodology. The results of the first study made by a questionnaire survey on 241 people confirm, firstly, that personal boundaries are more permeable and that they depend on several organizational variables and work characteristics, secondly, that the permeability of professional boundaries depends only on work flexibility. Four articulation models were identified: segmentation, spillover, integration and hybridization.The second study conducted according to the scenario method, set the articulation patterns in a dynamic and evolutionary perspective. Individuals change the ways of managing their life boundaries, depending on their age, the changes in their family and work situation and the organizational climate. All the results are discussed from a theoretical, methodological and practical point of view

L’allongement de la vie professionnelle est l’une des dispositions prise par les politiques afin de faire face au vieillissement démographique. Dans cette perspective, les salariés entrent dans un processus de vieillissement au travail. Le travail, lui-même, a fortement évolué au cours des dernières décennies. Il est marqué par de nombreux changements techniques et organisationnels qui ont pour effet de reconfigurer les pratiques et compétences des salariés (Caroli, 2001 ; Greenan, 2003 ; Vendramin & Valenduc, 2002). Les salariés vieillissent et devront vieillir dans des environnements de plus en plus médiatisés par les TIC. Or, les difficultés des salariés les plus âgés à s’adapter aux changements techniques et technologiques sont connues et démontrées (Czaja et Sharit, 1993 ; Greenan, Narcy & Volkoff, 2012) aux dépens des ressources mobilisées par ces salariés de façon à ce qu’ils continuent à « bien faire » leur travail. Dès lors, notre thèse vise à interroger (a) les effets des nouvelles technologies sur l’activité des salariés âgés ainsi que (b) les conditions sociotechniques qui permettent l’acceptation des TIC par ces salariés âgés. Nous postulons que les TIC n’ont pas nécessairement un effet délétère sur l’activité des salariés âgés dès lors que l’environnement sociotechnique rend possible le développement de l’activité de ces derniers.Dans la perspective d’une approche tout à la fois systémique, située et développementale, nous avons déployé une démarche de recueil procédant par double triangulation : méthodologique et des points de vue. A cet effet, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés à la fois avec des représentants syndicaux, médecins du travail, demandeurs d’emploi seniors et salariés âgés. L’objectif est d’appréhender les relations entre vieillissement et travail de différents points de vue. Des observations et techniques de verbalisations ont également été mobilisées afin d’appréhender l’activité des salariés âgés in situ. Enfin, des entretiens d’explicitations ont été menés sur la base des observations précédemment citées afin de cerner ce qui, dans l’expérience vécue de chaque salarié âgé, orientait ses actions, tout en permettant, ou non, le développement de son activité. Nos résultats confirment que les relations vieillissement, travail et TIC sont complexes. En effet, une multitude d’éléments rentrent en jeu dans leur configuration et dans leur articulation. Néanmoins, certains d’entre eux apparaissent prépondérants : le niveau de formation initiale, l’existence et l’appartenance à un collectif de travail, la possibilité de mobiliser le métier dans sa dimension transpersonnelle (outils de travail, ficelles du métier), la latitude organisationnelle ou encore que le caractère « plastique » et ajustable des TIC aux exigences de l’activité. Ces éléments sont tout autant de moyens qui permettent aux salariés âgés de développer les compétences nécessaires à l’usage des TIC en situation pour ainsi les intégrer à leurs pratiques de travail. / The lengthening of working life has been one of the policy measures taken in order to deal with demographic ageing, and this has led workers to enter the ageing process as they are still working. Work itself has much evolved over the last few decades, as many technical and organizational changes have reconfigured the practices and skills of workers (Caroli, 2001, Greenan, 2003, Vendramin & Valenduc, 2002). Workers age, and will continue to age, in environments ever more shaped by information and communication technologies (ICT). The difficulties that the oldest workers face in adapting to technical and technological change has been well known (Czaja and Sharit, 1993; Greenan, Narcy & Volkoff, 2012) and demonstrated by the resources they mobilize so as to keep on doing “good work.” Our thesis seeks to investigate (a) the effects new technologies have on the activity of older workers as well as (b) the sociotechnical conditions that enable them to accept ICTs. We posit that ICTs are not necessarily detrimental to the activity of older workers as long as the sociotechnical environment enables its development.Using an approach that is at once systemic, situated and developmental, we have collected data by double triangulation – methodologically, as well as by gathering points of view. We have achieved this through semi-directive interviews held with union representatives, occupational health doctors, elderly job seekers and older workers. The aim is to gain better insight into the relation between work and ageing, from different points of view. Observations and verbalization techniques have also been performed to understand the activity of older workers in situ. Finally, clarifying interviews have been held following observations in order to discern which aspects in the experience of each older worker oriented their actions while enabling, or not, the development of their activity.Our findings confirm that the relations between ageing, work and ITCs are complex, as many factors come into play in their configuration and articulation. There appear however to be a certain number of overriding factors: level of initial education; existence of, and belonging to, a work collective; ability to engage in the transpersonal dimension of one’s progression (working tools and “tricks of the trade”); organizational latitude; or the “plasticity” or adaptability of ICTs to the demands of the activity. All these are means for older workers to develop the necessary skills to use ICTs situationally so as to integrate them in their professional practice.

Small- to medium-size enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in a dynamic economy through job creation, poverty alleviation, and socioeconomic development in developed and developing countries. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore how SME leaders in Lagos, Nigeria, adopted information and communication technology (ICT) as a business strategy to increase profitability and compete globally. Organizational leaders have adopted ICT so that their organizations can become more efficient, effective, innovative, and globally competitive. This study involved 4 SMEs that had successfully implemented ICT. The participants included 5 SME leaders from each of the SMEs. The data collection method included in-person semistructured interviews of participants and review of existing company data. Data were analyzed using inductive data analysis, which included member checking to ensure trustworthiness of interpretations and occurred until theoretical saturation had occurred. The technology acceptance model (TAM), which specifies the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward computer use, and intention to use technology, was applied as a framework to explain the Nigerian SME's ICT adoption strategies. Four major themes emerged from the data analysis: ICT adoption factors, ICT roles and benefits, role of government, and SME success factors. The findings of this study may help SME leaders and government leaders address many of the factors inhibiting the adoption of ICT in SMEs. The findings of this study may positively affect social change by ensuring that SMEs are successful and able to create jobs, which in turn may help to alleviate poverty and promote socioeconomic development through adoption of ICT.