Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM) / Micro-enterprises solve many socio-economic issues facing developing nations because of their large contribution to economic development and progress. Micro-enterprises have been influenced by the continued globalisation, digitisation and modernisation of business practices. As a result, micro-enterprises’ are investing in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to enhance enterprise and economic growth, performance, productivity and a competitive advantage. However, the benefits of these investments are not always realised, often because of the ad hoc nature in which micro-enterprises function and a lack of formalised methods and strategy. When these are not realised, micro-enterprise suffer in terms of competitiveness, performance and returns. Maturity models, are tools that help solve issues relating to an enterprise’s current status in terms of its capabilities and resources, and how these issues can be improved. Maturity models may present the ideal solution for micro-enterprise to invest in ICT. Larger enterprises have been able to use maturity models for strategic ICT investments realising benefits. The benefits of using maturity models as a guide to ICT investment include: saving on long-term operational and tactical costs, self-evaluation and linking business and ICT strategy among others. This research sought to determine how micro-enterprises in the Western Cape can use a maturity model in planning strategy for investments in ICT. Data was gathered from micro-enterprises and their stakeholders to find the best maturity model fit. These model fitness considered the entire internal and external environmental factors influencing micro-enterprise ICT investment decision-making. The research investigated micro-enterprises, their current practices, focus and strategic, tactical and operational behaviour in terms of business and ICT. Of the 34 micro-enterprises that took part, most them knew of the concept of growth and maturity of the enterprise, they used none discernable metric to measure their internal and external activities regarding ICT investment. It highlighted the alignment of business and ICT as a major issue that needed to be addressed in order for micro-enterprises to be competitive, improve performance and returns. The recommended model from the research provides a formalised process that covers both the micro-enterprises internal and external matrices when deciding on the ICT investment to be made.

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) vêm sendo utilizadas massivamente em processos participativos realizados por governos de diferentes partes do mundo e também no Brasil. No entanto, tais iniciativas carecem de estudos com viés da administração e gestão pública. A pesquisa analisa este fenômeno sob a ótica de capacidades de governo de maneira articulada ao projeto político e à governabilidade do sistema. A pesquisa identifica quais as capacidades políticas, institucionais, técnicas e administrativas relacionadas à utilização de TICs em processos de participação social. A partir de um referencial teórico-conceitual multidisciplinar, a pesquisa lança mão da metodologia de estudo de caso da consulta pública online do Marco Civil da Internet para a identificação de capacidades. Desenvolve, para essa análise, o conceito próprio de Capacidades de Governo relacionadas ao uso de TICs em Processos de Participação Social (CGTPS) e aponta as principais condicionantes do desenvolvimento, gestão e implementação desse tipo de iniciativa no governo brasileiro. A pesquisa propugna pela aplicabilidade da ótica de capacidades de governo para a análise da utilização de TICs em ferramentas de participação social, bem como pelo necessário fortalecimento de capacidades específicas para a consolidação e melhoria desse tipo de iniciativa. Por fim, aponta desafios e possibilidades a respeito da criação de tecnologia e inovação no setor público em ações de participação social / Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been used massively in participatory processes undertaken by governments in different parts of the world and also in Brazil. However, these initiatives lack studies which take into account an administration and public management slant. The research analyzes this phenomenon from the perspective of state capacity in an articulated way with the government project and the system governability. The research identifies which political, institutional, technical and administrative capacities are related to the use of ICT in participatory processes. Having the construction of a multidisciplinary theoretical and conceptual framework as a starting point, the research then applies the case study methodology to the online public consultation of Brazilian Internet Civil Rights Law aiming at the identification of state capacities. It also develops the concept of State Capacities related to the use of ICT in Participatory Processes (SCIPP) and outlines the main constraints to the development, management and implementation of this type of initiative in the Brazilian government. The research concludes that it is possible to apply a state capacity perspective to the analysis of the use of ICT in participatory tools. It also points toward the necessity of strengthening specific capacities for the consolidation and improvement of this type of initiative. Finally, it points out challenges and opportunities to the creation of technology and innovation in the public sector regarding participatory actions

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-13T11:45:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Lara Santos.pdf: 904852 bytes, checksum: 641cefc3e300471cd203ff25c9ca9e33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-13T11:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Lara Santos.pdf: 904852 bytes, checksum: 641cefc3e300471cd203ff25c9ca9e33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-26 / This work aimed to identify in the graduates of a specialization in technologies carried out by the UAB what were the contributions of a continuing training course for the pedagogical practice of the participants, presenting a reflection about the challenges faced by the graduates of a continuous training in ICT to apply which had been addressed in said course and understood if the principles proposed by the course were adopted. Therefore, a questionnaire was applied with space for the research participants to discuss each subject. A bibliographical research of the theme was also carried out to better contextualize the theme. Considering the objectives of this study, a qualitative approach was used to consolidate the answers obtained in a more descriptive way, reflecting on what happened in the training process, using the questionnaire and the interview as a method of collecting data, systematizing the respondents' speeches on the course contributions, challenges and principles provided by the course. With the research, it was noticed that this training provided significant changes in the pedagogical achievement of the interviewees, in their relationships within the school space, but there is still a lot to be done, such as the monitoring of those coming from this type of training, so that to understand the scope of continuing education / Este trabalho buscou identificar em egressos de uma especialização em tecnologias realizada pela UAB quais foram as contribuições de um curso de formação continuada para a prática pedagógica dos participantes, apresentando uma reflexão acerca de quais os desafios enfrentados pelos egressos de uma formação continuada em TIC para aplicar o que fora abordado no referido curso e compreendendo se os princípios propostos pelo curso foram adotados. Para tanto, foi realizada a aplicação de um questionário com espaço para que os participantes da pesquisa discorressem sobre cada assunto abordado. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tema para uma melhor contextualização do tema. Considerando os objetivos deste trabalho, foi feita a opção pela utilização de uma abordagem qualitativa com o intuito de consolidar as respostas obtidas de um modo mais descritivo, refletindo sobre o que ocorreu no processo formativo, utilizando o questionário e a entrevista como método de coleta de dados, sistematizando as falas dos entrevistados nas contribuições, desafios e princípios do curso proporcionados pelo curso. Com a pesquisa, percebeu-se que esta formação proporcionou mudanças significativas no fazer pedagógico dos entrevistados, em suas relações dentro do espaço escolar, porém ainda há muito a ser feito, como por exemplo o monitoramento dos oriundos deste tipo de formação, para que se tenha elementos para perceber o alcance da formação continuada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIVINA ROSANGELA DE SOUZA COSTA DIAS.pdf: 1350338 bytes, checksum: 194361f4412d3a23637ad6b4fd1ccb69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / This research thematizes the uses of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by teachers trainers course in Mathematics at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (Goiás-PUC). The overall objective is to analyze the proposed uses of ICT by teachers of undergraduate course in Mathematics at PUC Goiás. The sample consisted of subjects by teachers Education, Communication and Media and New Technologies in Mathematics Teaching . We adopted a qualitative approach, through the following instruments for data collection: document analysis and classroom observation. To analyze the integration of ICT in society and education in theoretical studies on the following: Castells (1999), Barreto (2002), Peixoto (2009), Sancho (2006), Santos (2007), among others. The study of official proposals and models of teacher training was based on the following authors: Freitas (2002), Gatti (2008, 2010), Libâneo (1985, 1998), Mizukami (2002), Pimenta (2007), Saviani (1994, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010). The analysis of the data was based on two fields: 1) The relationship between ICT and education (FEENBERG, 2003; PEIXOTO, 2008); 2) The rationales underlying conceptions of teacher (TARDIF, 2000, 2007; TARDIF, LESSARD e GAUTHIER, 2001, THERRIEN, 2006). It was understand that the forms of ICT use by teachers of the degree course in Mathematics at PUC Goiás follow the deterministic and instrumental conceptions (FEENBERG, 2003; PEIXOTO, 2008, 2009; SANCHO, 2006). It was observed that the inclusion of ICT in teaching practice is based on rationality cognitive instruments (HABERMAS apud THERRIEN, 2006) and prioritizes the disciplinary knowledge (TARDIF, 2007) and science to the modern world. / A presente pesquisa tematiza as formas de uso das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) por professores formadores do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-Goiás). O objetivo geral proposto é analisar os usos das TIC por professores do curso de licenciatura em Matemática da PUC Goiás. A amostra foi constituída pelos professores das disciplinas Educação, Comunicação e Mídia e Novas Tecnologias no Ensino de Matemática . Adotou-se a abordagem do tipo qualitativo, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: análise documental e observação de aulas. Para analisar a inserção das TIC na sociedade e na educação foram estudados os seguintes teóricos: Castells (1999), Barreto (2002), Peixoto (2009), Sancho (2006), Santos (2007), dentre outros. O estudo das propostas oficiais e dos modelos de formação de professores foi fundamento nos seguintes autores: Freitas (2002), Gatti (2008, 2010), Libâneo (1985, 1998), Mizukami (2002), Pimenta (2007), Saviani (1994, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010). A análise dos dados empíricos foi baseada em dois campos: 1) As relações das TIC com a educação (FEENBERG, 2003; PEIXOTO, 2008); 2) As racionalidades subjacentes às concepções de formação de professores (TARDIF, 2000, 2007; TARDIF, LESSARD e GAUTHIER, 2001, THERRIEN, 2006). Foi possível compreender que as formas de uso das TIC por professores do curso de licenciatura em Matemática da PUC Goiás seguem as concepções determinista e instrumental (FEENBERG, 2003; PEIXOTO, 2008, 2009; SANCHO, 2006). Observou-se que a inserção das TIC na prática docente está baseada na racionalidade cognitivo instrumental (HABERMAS apud THERRIEN, 2006) e prioriza os saberes disciplinares (TARDIF, 2007) e científicos para o mundo moderno.

The master's thesis is about the using of PowerPoint presentations in music teaching from the viewpoint of the teacher at lower secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part deals with implementation of ICT into schools, the importance and usage of interdisciplinary relations in tuition using ICT and about visualization as one of the successful modern trends in pedagogy linked with new technologies. In the practical part are examples of PowerPoint presentations made on the basis of curriculum selected from class-books for secondary school with proposals for practical use in music class. As a part of this thesis is the DVD with the created PowerPoint presentations. Key words: PowerPoint, presentation, ICT, visualisation, music class, interdisciplinary communication

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-26T12:25:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvia Regina Abreu Leal_.pdf: 1355196 bytes, checksum: 879d766c9e3d375d37ca7a4cf8d53fa4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T12:25:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvia Regina Abreu Leal_.pdf: 1355196 bytes, checksum: 879d766c9e3d375d37ca7a4cf8d53fa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-19 / Nenhuma / O estudo de caso aborda os níveis de apropriação das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) por parte dos professores da Rede Verzeri (RV) de colégios, com base no documento de Padrão de Competências em TIC para Professores (UNESCO, 2009). Para tanto, considera-se o conhecimento e a utilização, nas práticas docentes, dos recursos disponíveis no Portal Educacional adotado pela RV. A pesquisa apresenta duas abordagens, de forma online: a quantitativa configura-se no âmbito de estudo de caso e apresenta aspectos relevantes que contribui para a coleta e análise de dados como reconhecimento de diferentes perspectivas, oportunidade de reflexões e a variedade das abordagens do Projeto de Competência em TIC para professores. Na pesquisa qualitativa, privilegia-se apenas a abordagem de Criação do Conhecimento, explorando o componente TIC a partir das habilidades esperadas pelos professores selecionados. O campo empírico foi composto por quatro colégios privados de Educação Básica da RV, localizados no interior do RS. Os interlocutores da pesquisa são os professores que estão lotados nos quatro colégios e que responderam os questionários online postados em plataforma acadêmica denominada Portal Educacional. Como parte integrante do processo de coleta de informações e validação da categoria de criação do conhecimento, foram utilizados, como material de apoio, os relatórios de acessos das ferramentas do Portal Educacional. Os resultados da pesquisa foram consolidados com base na triangulação de dados. Esta metodologia de análise oportuniza a superação das limitações tanto da pesquisa qualitativa como da pesquisa quantitativa, combinando os diversos métodos, dando-lhes, assim, a relevância necessária. O resultado da pesquisa, baseado no Padrão de Competências em TIC para professores, demonstra que: 41,20% do corpo docente estão em fase de alfabetização tecnológica; do percentual de 58,80% restantes, 28,76% dos professores encontram-se na abordagem de Alfabetização em Tecnologia, 18,86% no Aprofundamento do Conhecimento e 11,18% na Criação do Conhecimento. Este projeto permitiu uma melhor compreensão do padrão de competência em TIC dos professores, assim como a verificação de como as ferramentas online disponíveis no Portal Educacional favorecem a inovação e a construção do conhecimento. / The case study discusses the levels of appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by teachers of Rede Verzeri (RV) colleges, based on the Competency Standard document on ICT for Teachers (UNESCO, 2009). For this we consider the knowledge and the use in teaching practices, resources available in the Educational Portal adopted by RV. The research presents two approaches, online: a quantitative, appears within the case study and presents relevant aspects that contribute to the collection and analysis of data as recognition of different perspectives, opportunity for reflection and the variety of approaches to project Competence in ICT for teachers. Qualitative research is privileged only approach Creation of Knowledge exploring the ICT component, as expected by the teachers selected skills. The empirical field was the four colleges of Basic Education of the RV, the private network, located within the RS. The interlocutors of the research are the teachers who are crowded in the five colleges and the answer online questionnaires posted on academic platform called Education Portal. As part of the information gathering and validation of the category of knowledge creation process were used as collateral to access the reports of the Portal Educacional. The search results were consolidated based on the idea of triangulation. This method of analysis provides an opportunity to overcome the limitations of both qualitative and quantitative survey research, combining the various methods, thus giving them the necessary relevance. The survey results, based on the Standard ICT Skills for teachers, demonstrate: 41.20% of the faculty is in the process of technological literacy, the percentage of 58.80% is 28.76% in Literacy approach technology, 18.86% in Deepening Knowledge and 11.18% in the Creation of Knowledge. This project provided a better understanding of the pattern of ICT skills of teachers, as well as verification of how online tools available in Educational Portal favor innovation and knowledge construction.

Esta dissertação propõe atividades audiovisuais colaborativas para a sala de aula, a partir da hipótese de que contribuem com a qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de uma destas atividades na aprendizagem de uma amostra de crianças. Para contemplar este objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa de investigação, coleta e análise de dados. Para o estudo, foi selecionada como amostra uma turma de 4º ano da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Deputado Victor Issler de Porto Alegre. A atividade foi adaptada à faixa etária destes alunos e administrada de forma lúdica, através de um jogo de produção de vídeo com o tema desenvolvimento sustentável. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários de pré e pós-teste, levando em consideração os conhecimentos dos alunos, o discurso da professora e o interesse de ambos pela atividade. A análise textual das respostas coletadas na amostra, revelou uma maior capacidade de relação destes sujeitos com os conteúdos trabalhados, assim como um maior engajamento em aula durante o processo e um grande interesse pelo formato da atividade. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um percentual de interesse de 100% dos alunos em participar de mais atividades audiovisuais em aula. Considera-se que este estudo faça uma pequena contribuição com a evolução das práticas docentes no ensino público brasileiro e na educação como um todo, ao demonstrar uma forma de atualizar processos de ensino e aprendizagem atualmente. Conclui-se, que a utilização de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) através de metodologias ativas, lúdicas e audiovisuais, intrínsecas à atividade proposta, facilitaram a aprendizagem da amostra, empoderando os alunos durante o processo e contribuindo com desenvolvimento de habilidades tecnológicas úteis à vida. Este estudo de caso abre perspectivas para o delineamento e aprofundamento de uma pesquisa mais ampla, o estabelecimento de outras hipóteses e a partir de uma amostragem controlada e probabilística, possíveis resultados generalizáveis à uma população maior. / This dissertation proposes collaborative audiovisual activities for the classroom, based on the hypothesis that they contribute to the qualification of teaching and learning processes. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of one of these activities in the learning of a sample of children. In order to contemplate this objective, a case study of qualitative and quantitative research, data collection and analysis was carried out. In the study, a fourth grade class of the Municipal Elementary School Principal Deputy Victor Issler, from Porto Alegre, was selected as the sample. The activity was adapted to the age group of these students and managed in a playful way, through a game of video production with the theme sustainable development. The data were collected from pre and post-test questionnaires, taking into account the student’s knowledge, the teacher's discourse and their interest in the activity. The textual analysis of the responses collected in the sample revealed a greater capacity of relation of these subjects with the contents worked, as well as a greater engagement in class during the process and a great interest by the format of the activity. The results showed a 100% interest rate of students participating in more audiovisual activities in class. It is considered that this study makes a small contribution to the evolution of teaching practices in Brazilian public education and in education as a whole, by demonstrating a way to update teaching and learning processes today. It was concluded that the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) through active, playful and audiovisual methodologies, intrinsic to the proposed activity, facilitated the learning of the sample, empowering students during the process and contributing to the development of useful technological skills life. This case study opens perspectives for the delineation and deepening of a broader research, the establishment of other hypotheses and from a controlled and probabilistic sampling, possible results generalizable to a larger population.

O agronegócio das Flores e Plantas Ornamentais (FPO) no Brasil movimenta mais de R$ 5 bilhões ao ano com uma taxa de crescimento anual entre o 8% e 16%, gerando mais de 206.000 empregos diretos. Em 2012, a balança comercial da floricultura brasileira mostrou saldo negativo de US$ 13,468 milhões, devido ao incremento em suas importações por parte de seus maiores concorrentes do grupo MERCOSUL, Equador e Colômbia. A falta de implementação de sistemas de informação e as deficiências do controle nos gargalos de todos os processos, fazem que a maioria das perdas que se produz no elo atacadista sejam originadas da falta de cuidados no transporte, a não conservação da cadeia de frio e as demoras logísticas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo lançar um olhar prospectivo nesse complexo. A prospecção do futuro sempre foi e será apreciada pelos tomadores de decisões. Ao longo das últimas décadas, organizações internacionais, governos, empresas e organizações não governamentais têm realizado estudos sobre panoramas futuros, com o objetivo de ganhar tempo em preparar-se para superar seus concorrentes e ser competitivos em cada área de atuação. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica atual, focada na análise de toda a cadeia de suprimento de FPO, somado a uma serie de entrevistas com experts da floricultura nacional e internacional, analisaram-se atividades e ferramentas tecnológicas usadas em cada um dos processos envolvidos no atacado, como as condições do transporte, planejamento das entregas e os registros dos controles que garantem a qualidade do produto final. Com esse aporte construíram-se quatro possíveis cenários futuros para o setor atacadista de FPO brasileiro, baseados na utilização e implementação da Tecnologia de Informação. (1) Cenário Lirio, que apresenta a situação em que as CEASAS serão os maiores aglomerados do negócio de FPO sempre, enquanto eles realizarem uma reestruturação do complexo físico, assim com um plano de capacitação para o pessoal encarregado de manipular e ofertar as FPO. (2) Cenário Tulipa, que propõe um agrupamento por parte dos atacadistas com maior representatividade, com o fim de gerar e compartilhar informações sobre tendências, safras e formação de preços. (3) Cenário Girassol, que sugere que seja analisado o futuro dos métodos de compra de FPO por parte do consumidor final, para assim entender as diferentes ferramentas e estratégias de mercado que devem ser usadas pelas empresas atacadista para conservar e atrair novos clientes. (4) Cenário Agapantho, que mostra como a situação atual em relação a investimento e adoção de Tecnologia (TIC) do setor não muda, o que acarretaria uma série de consequências para o mercado interno e externo, facilitando ainda mais o ingresso de concorrentes internacionais ao Brasil. / Agribusiness of Flowers and Ornamental Plants (FPO) in Brazil handles more than $ 5 billion a year with an annual growth rate between 8% and 16%, generating more than 206,000 direct jobs. In 2012, the trade balance of the Brazilian floriculture showed a deficit of US $ 13.468 million, due to the increase in its imports by their larger competitors MERCOSUR group, Ecuador and Colombia. The lack of implementation of information systems and control deficiencies in bottlenecks of the process, make the most of the loss that occurs in the wholesale link to originate from a lack of care during transport, the failure to keep the cold chain and logistical delays. This paper aims to launch a prospective look at this complex. The prospect of the future has always been and will be greatly appreciated by decision makers. Over the past decades, international organizations, governments, companies and nongovernmental organizations have conducted studies on future panoramas, in order to gain time to prepare to overcome your competitors and be competitive in each area. Through a current literature review focused on the analysis of the entire FPO supply chain, plus a series of interviews with experts of national and international floriculture, analyzed activities and technological tools used in each of the processes involved in wholesale such as transport conditions, planning of deliveries and the records of the controls that guarantee the quality of the final product. With this supply were built four possible future scenarios for the wholesale sector of Brazilian FPO, based on the use and implementation of Information Technology. (1) Lirio Scenario, which shows the situation where the WM will be the largest OPF business of always crowded, as they carry out a restructuring of the physical complex, so with a training plan for staff handling and offer the FPO. (2) Scenario Tulip, which proposes a grouping by wholesalers with greater representation in order to generate and share information on trends, harvests and pricing. (3) Scenario Sunflower, which suggests it is analyzed the future of OPF purchase methods by the final consumer, so as to understand the different tools and market strategies that should be used by wholesale companies to retain and attract new customers. (4) Agapantho scenario that shows how the current situation in relation to investment and adoption of technology (ICT) in full sector does not change, what would entail a number of consequences for the domestic and foreign markets, further facilitating the entry international competitors to Brazil.

Esta pesquisa tem cunho qualitativo, tendo utilizado a metodologia fenomenológica de estudo de caso e para a análise dos dados o método descritivo. Foi avaliada como as TICs são abordadas e utilizadas no ensino tendo as percepções dos discentes como foco principal. A amostra envolveu 26 alunos de uma escola estadual de ensino público da cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Foram realizadas oficinas para os alunos com ferramentas web de pesquisa (e conceitos sobre o funcionamento dos mesmos), exposto questões sobre direitos autorais na Internet, edição de textos e de apresentação online, editor de animações online, edição de vídeos e edição de áudios. A cada oficina, os alunos realizaram atividades com o software em cada caso. Ao final das intervenções, foram coletados os dados para a presente pesquisa. Após a análise dos dados se identificou que, embora as tecnologias da informação e comunicação estejam massificadas na sociedade, seu uso no âmbito escolar ainda é aquém da expectativa dos alunos. Ao término do pesquisa, foram identificados que embora os alunos estejam habituados ao uso de Internet e demais tecnologias, a associação destas a processos de aprendizados e professores encontram dificuldades para trabalharem de maneira sistemática com o uso de tecnologias. / This research has a qualitative character, having used the phenomenological methodology of case study and for the data analysis the descriptive method. It was evaluated how the ICTs are approached and used in the teaching with the perceptions of the students as the main focus. The sample involved 26 students from a state school of public education in the city of Santa Maria / RS. Workshops were held for students with web research tools (and concepts on how they work), exposed copyright issues on the Internet, text editing and online presentation, online animation editor, video editing and audio editing. At each workshop, students carried out content-building activities with the software in each case. At the end of the interventions, data were collected for the present study. After analyzing the data, it was identified that, although information and communication technologies are widespread in society, their use in the school environment still falls short of students expectations. At the end of the research, it was identified that although students are accustomed to the use of the Internet and other technologies, their association with learning processes and teachers find it difficult to work in a systematic way with the use of technologies.

The purpose of the study was to create guidelines regarding effective diffusion of elearningto and within developing countries. Another aim of the study was to identifychallenges and problems related to the diffusion of e-learning, as well as identifying whatcharacterizes a successful ICT diffusion project. To achieve the purpose of the study acase study was performed in Thailand, where two different schools, i.e. two cases thathad been targeted by ICT diffusion projects were studied. In combination to studying theschools, the donor side of the project were also included in the study. The study wasconducted with a qualitative research approach, and was divided into one inductive andexploratory phase, which generated a theory, and one deductive phase where the theorywas both theoretically and empirically validated. To gather the empirical material, eightsemi-structured interviews were conducted of which six included staffs from the twoschools, and two included donors that were involved in one of the studied ICT diffusionprojects. Yet another semi-structured interview was performed with a person involved inan ICT diffusion project, which helped to perform the empirical validation of thegenerated theory. With the help of the collected empirical material as well as throughexisting theories it was possible to identify numerous of challenges regarding diffusion ofe-learning to and within developing countries. The challenges were primarily connectedto language, culture, governmental, lack of computer knowledge and infrastructural. Totackle the challenges a number of characteristics regarding effective ICT diffusionprojects in developing countries were identified. These characteristics included theimportance of doing a proper investigation about the recipients, follow ups, providedright amount of computers, provided software that had been adapted and providededucation about how computers should be used. Based on the challenges andcharacteristics guidelines for effective diffusion of e-learning to and within developingcountries were designed. The knowledge about challenges and characteristics led to theidentification of two important findings. The first was that the diffusion of e-learning todeveloping countries is highly dependant on the diffusion of ICT to the schools, as anevident problem that existed was that the schools lacked the proper technicalinfrastructure to be able to support computer-aided teaching. The other finding was thatin order for the diffusion process to be effective, it is vital to provide information andeducation about the technology in advance of the implementation. These two findingslead to that the 19 created guidelines were divided into two categories; basic guidelinesfor diffusion of ICT and enabling guidelines for diffusion of e-learning. / Program: Dataekonomutbildningen