Les objectifs généraux de ce mémoire visent à mieux comprendre comment les gais et les lesbiennes d'origine libanaise (primo-migrants ou descendants) vivant à Montréal articulent et négocient leurs identifications ethno-sexuelles à travers la (re)production et la mobilisation de divers capitaux (économique, social, culturel et symbolique). Basée sur sept entrevues menées auprès de cinq femmes lesbiennes et deux hommes gais d’origine libanaise, cette recherche propose d’examiner, en suivant un cadrage intersectionnel, les manières dont les discours identitaires des gais et des lesbiennes d’origine libanaise de Montréal sont structurés par les rapports de classe, de genre, de sexualités, d’ethnicité, d’âge, etc. Les chapitres 1 à 3 sont consacrés à la mise en situation théorique et pratique de la recherche. Le chapitre 4 est dédié à l’analyse des subjectivités ethno-sexuelles des répondants. / The main objective of this thesis is to better understand how gays and lesbians of Lebanese background (primo-migrants or their descents) living in Montreal articulate and negotiate their ethno-sexual identifications through the mobilization of diverse capitals (economical, social, cultural and symbolic). Based on seven semi-directed interviews with five lesbians and two gays of Lebanese origin, this research examines, with an intersectional approach, the ways in which their identitary discourses are structured by social axes of division such as class, gender, sexualities, ethnicity, age, etc., on which they occupy majority and minority positions. The stories of our participants reveal, among other things, that there are different ways of representing oneself and being homosexual, and that individuals sharing non-normative sexualities do not necessarily inscribe themselves in the «global gay discourse». Chapters 1 to 3 are devoted to a theoretical and practical contextualization of the research. Chapter 4 consists of an analysis of the ethno-sexual subjectivities of the informants.

Les objectifs généraux de ce mémoire visent à mieux comprendre comment les gais et les lesbiennes d'origine libanaise (primo-migrants ou descendants) vivant à Montréal articulent et négocient leurs identifications ethno-sexuelles à travers la (re)production et la mobilisation de divers capitaux (économique, social, culturel et symbolique). Basée sur sept entrevues menées auprès de cinq femmes lesbiennes et deux hommes gais d’origine libanaise, cette recherche propose d’examiner, en suivant un cadrage intersectionnel, les manières dont les discours identitaires des gais et des lesbiennes d’origine libanaise de Montréal sont structurés par les rapports de classe, de genre, de sexualités, d’ethnicité, d’âge, etc. Les chapitres 1 à 3 sont consacrés à la mise en situation théorique et pratique de la recherche. Le chapitre 4 est dédié à l’analyse des subjectivités ethno-sexuelles des répondants. / The main objective of this thesis is to better understand how gays and lesbians of Lebanese background (primo-migrants or their descents) living in Montreal articulate and negotiate their ethno-sexual identifications through the mobilization of diverse capitals (economical, social, cultural and symbolic). Based on seven semi-directed interviews with five lesbians and two gays of Lebanese origin, this research examines, with an intersectional approach, the ways in which their identitary discourses are structured by social axes of division such as class, gender, sexualities, ethnicity, age, etc., on which they occupy majority and minority positions. The stories of our participants reveal, among other things, that there are different ways of representing oneself and being homosexual, and that individuals sharing non-normative sexualities do not necessarily inscribe themselves in the «global gay discourse». Chapters 1 to 3 are devoted to a theoretical and practical contextualization of the research. Chapter 4 consists of an analysis of the ethno-sexual subjectivities of the informants.

Comemorado o centenário da imigração japonesa no Brasil, no ano de 2008, em que termos é possível pensar a identidade nikkei? Na conjuntura social atual, esses descendentes são antes de tudo pessoas que mesmo possuindo um ancestral comum e a marca fisionômica peculiar, carregam experiências diversas no convívio e no embate com a alteridade. Não obstante assumir esse pressuposto, a hipótese que norteia a pesquisa é a de que um imaginário que associa os japoneses e seus descendentes a um ethos ligado à honestidade e ao esforço no trabalho e nos estudos foi sendo gradualmente forjado ao longo do tempo. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar os processos de identificação de sujeitos nikkeis com esse imaginário, em outras palavras, buscar entender como identidades se constroem por meio da ressignificação do mesmo. O trabalho de campo foi orientado por entrevistas com descendentes de japoneses, moradores das cidades de São Paulo-SP, Maringá-PR e Astorga-PR, de diferentes perfis no que diz respeito à faixa etária, gênero, classes sociais e gerações. Metodologicamente não esteve pautado na busca por uma amostragem representativa da comunidade nikkei no Brasil, mas ancorado em explorar diferentes pontos de vista, biografias e narrativas. Em meio à multiplicidade das trajetórias, que elementos costuram as histórias e reflexões dos atores? Para além da esfera imaginário-discursiva, o trabalho de campo revelou também que discursos identitários podem ser modulados a partir do agenciamento de um repertório de valores, símbolos e códigos que os nikkeis atribuem e que são atribuídos à cultura japonesa. Raça e colônia/comunidade japonesas também foram categorias acionadas pelos interlocutores e uma breve incursão nessa questão foi realizada. A partir da perspectiva etnográfica, o objetivo consiste em mostrar como esse conjunto de valores, imagens, representações, estereótipos é conferido e auto-conferido ao nikkei e como é tematizado e vivenciado pelos sujeitos dessa pesquisa. / After the celebration of the Japanese immigration centenary in Brazil in 2008, how it is possible to conceive the nikkei identity? At the current social context, these Japanese-Brazilians are after all individuals who despite having the common ancestor and the peculiar physiognomic marker, they have different experiences in the relationship with alterity. Even considering this assumption, the hypothesis of this research is that an imaginary that associates the Japanese and Japanese-Brazilians with an ethos of honesty and discipline at work and studies has been gradually forged. The aim of this research is to investigate the identification process of the nikkeis (Japanese-Brazilians) with this imaginary, in other words, it intends comprehend how identities are built through the reception/rethinking of it. The fieldwork was based on interviews with Japanese-Brazilians who live at Maringá and Astorga, at Paraná State and São Paulo, capital, individuals with different profiles regarding to ages, gender, social classes and generations. Methodologically, it was not focused on searching a representative sample of the nikkei community in Brazil, but based on exploring different views, biographies and narratives. Among the multiplicities of trajectories, what elements articulate the actors histories and reflexions? Beyond the imaginary-discursive universe, the fieldwork also revealed that identitary discourses can be built through the agency of values, symbols and codes repertory, which the nikkeis attribute toJapanese culture. Race and Japanese colony/community also were categories used by the interlocutors and a brief approach in this issue was done. Through the ethnographic perspective, the aim consists in demonstrate how this arrangement of values, images, representations, stereotypes is perceived by the subjects of this research.

Members of the legal system (e.g., experts, jurors, investigators) are often skeptical of the information provided by intoxicated witnesses given the negative stigma surrounding alcohol and memory. However, studies examining the relationship between alcohol and witness memory often find that alcohol has no effect on peoples’ recall or their ability to identify a previously seen face. While insightful, the validity of these findings has been questioned given the low-moderate blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels tested in these predominantly laboratory-based studies, which may not be high enough to consistently expose the cognitive deficits alcohol is expected to create. The present study examined how elevated BAC levels affect witnesses’ recall. In addition, it examined how identification format (i.e., showup versus lineup) impacts witnesses’ identification decisions at elevated BAC levels. Bar patrons (N = 132) were asked to participate in a study examining the effects of alcohol on cognitive and motor functioning. Consenting patrons’ BAC levels were recorded and they were given instructions for their first motor task. Midway through this task a confederate intruder entered the room and caused a disturbance. Participants were then asked to recall the intrusion via a mock interview and identify the intruder from a lineup or showup in which she was pictured (target-present) or was not pictured (target-absent). This procedure yielded participants with BAC levels as high as .24%. Linear regressions showed that elevated BAC levels reduced both the quantity and quality of information provided by participants. Logistic regressions showed that alcohol had no effect on identification decisions, regardless of identification format or target presence. These data highlight the importance of testing witnesses’ memory across a broad BAC spectrum and suggest that the legal system may benefit from expert information on alcohol’s lack of effect on memory for faces, despite what jurors may believe.

<p>Date: 12-June-2008</p><p>Authors: Muhammad Saeed – 760721</p><p>Västerås – Sweden</p><p>Mehmood Ziauddin – 830730</p><p>Västerås – Sweden</p><p>Title: A Structured Approach for Evaluating Risk Impacts in IT Projects</p><p>Introduction: Risk is an integral part of any project and it’s more appropriate to say for IT because it is changing with a very fast pace. Different surveys, reports and researches show astonishing statistics about the risks in IT projects. Through proper risk assessment techniques most of the uncertainties can be reduced while initiating, implementing and improving IT projects. Different authors talk about different risks and different strategies to respond to them. It becomes difficult at times to keep in check all the risks. Often risk management is over hyped, and often it’s totally neglected. Their needs to be a balanced approached in risk management.</p><p>Problem: How a structured approach will be beneficial for an organization in assessing risk impacts on IT Projects?</p><p>Purpose: The aim of this report is to develop and analyze a structured approach which will permit an organization in identifying & categorizing risks and measuring their impact on IT Projects.</p><p>Method: Exploratory research approach is used and data collection is done using secondary sources. Our thesis is qualitative research based. Qualitative research is the one which is not relying on statistical data as compared to quantitative research.</p><p>Besides our text books and study material, the main source of information was internet databases and university library from where we read different articles, thesis and books. Majority of the material studied was collected from Mälardalen University Library’s online databases like, Elin@Mälardalen, Compendex, Emerald and Ebrary. We also consulted some books which we got by inter-library loan from Mälardalen University.</p><p>Conclusion: With the help of Remenyi’s approach for categorizing risks and Applegate’s approach of measuring risk impact, we have managed to develop a structured approach and reached a conclusion that proper identification and categorizing of risks can be very beneficial for an organization in numerous ways. This systematic way assists top management, project managers, IT & non IT Personnel is taking preemptive measures for managing risks. The benefits it brings is that it gives an equal understanding within the organization and this structured approach gives an in-depth and clear understanding of the risks associated with IT projects.</p>

This thesis analyzes the marketing activities of the companies in the consumer society of today and their social impacts on the consumption habits of individuals. The creation of a social environment with the mass oriented marketing activities of the producers and the association of individuals with the products that they or others consume are studied. The perception of the products as symbols of social status or their utilization to have distinction from others are analyzed. Throughout this thesis, the question of how brands are socially accepted and appreciated were addressed within the frame of the analysis of the mass oriented marketing activities of producers. Under these activities how the new consumer stereotypes are artificially created are criticized. This thesis also seeks to answer the question of how the social image of the brands and logos reach beyond the product sphere and used as a medium for creating social, cultural and individual identifications.

This thesis analyzes the marketing activities of the companies in the consumer society of today and their social impacts on the consumption habits of individuals. The creation of a social environment with the mass oriented marketing activities of the producers and the association of individuals with the products that they or others consume are studied. The perception of the products as symbols of social status or their utilization to have distinction from others are analyzed. Throughout this thesis, the question of how brands are socially accepted and appreciated were addressed within the frame of the analysis of the mass oriented marketing activities of producers. Under these activities how the new consumer stereotypes are artificially created are criticized. This thesis also seeks to answer the question of how the social image of the brands and logos reach beyond the product sphere and used as a medium for creating social, cultural and individual identifications.

This dissertation investigated a very specialised, highly sensitive and complex research area in policing known as undercover policing or covert policing operations. This is the first examination to be conducted in the Australasian policing context and the only known research to explore, empirically, undercover operatives' experiences of returning to mainstream police duties after completing their covert duties.----- There were two main research objectives in this dissertation. The first was to develop research methodology specific for use with undercover police officers. The second main objective was to conduct an empirical investigation to identify the psychological processes associated with the reintegration or re-assimilation of undercover police officers into mainstream policing environments. Social identity theory was applied to deconstruct undercover police officers' reintegration experiences.----- Given the closed and protected nature of covert policing, careful consideration to methodological and ethical issues required high priority in the development of research practices. Addressing these considerations in research practices protected the anonymity and security of those involved in the research. Tailoring research methods to suit the officers' circumstances and satisfy police managements' security concerns improved the practical application of research methods and research relations with police members and, therefore, the quality of the findings.----- In developing a research methodology for specific use with undercover police officers, a multi-method approach was adopted. Data triangulation with the use of a variety of data sources and methodological triangulation with the use of multiple methods and multiple indicators were employed. This technique proved constructive in creating a more holistic perspective of undercover policing and officers' experiences of re-assimilation.----- In theoretical terms, the major issue under investigation is of negotiating dual memberships or multiple identities. Three studies are reported. The first study is a field study, in which the researcher spent more than 18 months in the covert policing context, as a participant observer. Through field research, the researcher was able to learn about the Australasian covert policing context; obtain in-house police documents; define research issues and hypotheses; understand methodological considerations; identify a psychological theoretical framework; and examine &quotthe fit " between theory and the social dynamics of covert policing. Other benefits of becoming immersed in the working life of undercover police officers and the police organisation included understanding the ways of proceeding and the social and organisational structure that exists among covert personnel.----- The second study interviewed 20 former covert police personnel, from two police jurisdictions, who had been reintegrated for more than three years. The majority of officers found returning to mainstream police duties a difficult experience and two separate profiles of reintegration experiences emerged from the data. This study identified the presence of more than one police identity among former operatives. It found that some officers internalise aspects of the undercover policing norms and use these police norms to define aspects of the self both as a police officer and as an individual. That is, role-playing the undercover police persona became an extension of the officer as an individual and contributed positively to their personal self-worth. It was noted that the majority of officers expressed cognitive confusion over how to behave in the mainstream policing environment after covert duties had ceased.----- The other profile to emerge from the data was of officers who characterised their undercover policing experiences as being more integrated into their overall police persona. Officers interviewed in this study employed different identity decision-making strategies to restructure their police identities. In sum, this study found that the extent, to which the undercover and mainstream memberships were integrated cognitively, influenced officers' experiences of reintegration.----- The third study is a cross-sectional design using survey methods. Thirty-eight trainees, 31 currently operational and 38 former undercover operatives from four police jurisdictions took part in this study. A group of mainstream police officers matched according to former operatives' age, gender and years of policing experience was also included. This study found that police identities change over the phases of undercover police work and that changes in former operatives' mainstream police identity were a function of covert police work. Cross-sectional comparisons revealed that former operatives' undercover police identity had declined since covert policing, however, officers' mainstream police identity had not significantly increased. Failure to increase identification with mainstream police after undercover police work has ceased has a number of implications in terms of predicting re-assimilation. Operatives most likely to experience difficulties were those who resisted the mainstream police identification and reported difficult relations with their mainstream peers. Trends analysis revealed that despite the physical change, 'cognitive' re-assimilation actually commences in the second year of the operatives' reintegration. These exploratory analyses revealed that following return to the mainstream policing environment, identity stressors were mostly likely to be experienced in the first year of reintegration.----- To determine psychological adjustment since undercover police work, the person-environment fit was also investigated in the study. Operatives' current perceptions of working in the mainstream context were reported using a number of behavioural and organisational indicators. Overall, this study found that former operatives remain committed to their policing profession, however, those who experienced identity stress during the re-assimilation process were less satisfied with their current work duties and failed to find their work interesting, tended to perceive undercover duties as having been detrimental to their career, and expressed greater intentions to leave the service within 12 months of the survey. Overall former operatives' satisfaction and commitment levels were not significantly different from mainstream officers. Mainstream police, however, reported being under greater pressure and felt more overworked in the mainstream context than former operatives. In summary, these organisational indicators revealed that the difficulties of re-assimilation and intentions to leave the service are more related to the stress of modifying officers' police identity during this period than the workload characteristics of mainstream policing.----- Overall these studies demonstrated that the process of negotiating police identities is an important psychological dynamic present in undercover operatives' reintegration experiences. The identity stress experienced during this period was shown to have a number of organisational-behavioural consequences, such as problematic intergroup relations and greater intentions to leave the police service after undercover police work. Based on findings from this research a number of practical recommendations are made and suggestions for the direction of future research are outlined. Contributions to theory are also discussed.

Comemorado o centenário da imigração japonesa no Brasil, no ano de 2008, em que termos é possível pensar a identidade nikkei? Na conjuntura social atual, esses descendentes são antes de tudo pessoas que mesmo possuindo um ancestral comum e a marca fisionômica peculiar, carregam experiências diversas no convívio e no embate com a alteridade. Não obstante assumir esse pressuposto, a hipótese que norteia a pesquisa é a de que um imaginário que associa os japoneses e seus descendentes a um ethos ligado à honestidade e ao esforço no trabalho e nos estudos foi sendo gradualmente forjado ao longo do tempo. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar os processos de identificação de sujeitos nikkeis com esse imaginário, em outras palavras, buscar entender como identidades se constroem por meio da ressignificação do mesmo. O trabalho de campo foi orientado por entrevistas com descendentes de japoneses, moradores das cidades de São Paulo-SP, Maringá-PR e Astorga-PR, de diferentes perfis no que diz respeito à faixa etária, gênero, classes sociais e gerações. Metodologicamente não esteve pautado na busca por uma amostragem representativa da comunidade nikkei no Brasil, mas ancorado em explorar diferentes pontos de vista, biografias e narrativas. Em meio à multiplicidade das trajetórias, que elementos costuram as histórias e reflexões dos atores? Para além da esfera imaginário-discursiva, o trabalho de campo revelou também que discursos identitários podem ser modulados a partir do agenciamento de um repertório de valores, símbolos e códigos que os nikkeis atribuem e que são atribuídos à cultura japonesa. Raça e colônia/comunidade japonesas também foram categorias acionadas pelos interlocutores e uma breve incursão nessa questão foi realizada. A partir da perspectiva etnográfica, o objetivo consiste em mostrar como esse conjunto de valores, imagens, representações, estereótipos é conferido e auto-conferido ao nikkei e como é tematizado e vivenciado pelos sujeitos dessa pesquisa. / After the celebration of the Japanese immigration centenary in Brazil in 2008, how it is possible to conceive the nikkei identity? At the current social context, these Japanese-Brazilians are after all individuals who despite having the common ancestor and the peculiar physiognomic marker, they have different experiences in the relationship with alterity. Even considering this assumption, the hypothesis of this research is that an imaginary that associates the Japanese and Japanese-Brazilians with an ethos of honesty and discipline at work and studies has been gradually forged. The aim of this research is to investigate the identification process of the nikkeis (Japanese-Brazilians) with this imaginary, in other words, it intends comprehend how identities are built through the reception/rethinking of it. The fieldwork was based on interviews with Japanese-Brazilians who live at Maringá and Astorga, at Paraná State and São Paulo, capital, individuals with different profiles regarding to ages, gender, social classes and generations. Methodologically, it was not focused on searching a representative sample of the nikkei community in Brazil, but based on exploring different views, biographies and narratives. Among the multiplicities of trajectories, what elements articulate the actors histories and reflexions? Beyond the imaginary-discursive universe, the fieldwork also revealed that identitary discourses can be built through the agency of values, symbols and codes repertory, which the nikkeis attribute toJapanese culture. Race and Japanese colony/community also were categories used by the interlocutors and a brief approach in this issue was done. Through the ethnographic perspective, the aim consists in demonstrate how this arrangement of values, images, representations, stereotypes is perceived by the subjects of this research.

Este trabajo aborda los procesos de identificación de niños indígenas y migrantes en Argentina, considerando la incidencia de los desplazamientos espaciales y las experiencias interculturales de vida. nos proponemos reflexionar acerca de cómo las identificaciones se vinculan con la movilidad de los niños y sus familias, a partir de dos investigaciones etnográficas sobre experiencias formativas de niños indígenas mbyà-guaraní de la provincia de misiones y migrantes de Bolivia en Buenos Aires.A partir de la reconstrucción de dos historias de vida, analizamos cómo los niños se integran en comunidades de práctica ligadas a la reproducción social en el contexto de desplazamientos, que implican experiencias distintivas en términos generacionales referidas a los procesos de escolarización, actividades productivas y dimensiones expresivas de la vida social. Las investigaciones realizadas nos permitieron advertir que los niños y niñas producen identificaciones en las que se tensionan visiones idealizadas de los territorios deorigen con procesos de transformación, dejando en evidencia las dinámicas intergeneracionales de definición de elementos demembresía de los que son parte activa. / In this paper we analyse migrants and indigenous ‘children identification processes in Argentina, considering the influence of special mobility and intercultural experiences of life in their sense of belonging. We consider how identifications and mobility by two ethnographic researches about formative experiences of mbyà- Guaraní children of misiones province and Bolivian migrants living in Buenos Aires.By two life stories, we analyse how children participate in communities of practice linked with social reproduction in contexts of mobility, which imply generation’s distinctive experiences referred to school, productive activities and expressive dimensions of social life. Our research shows the children are active producers of identifications where origin territories idealized images are stressed by transformation’s process, evidence of inter-generation’s dynamicsof membership’s definitions.