Emotions have been noted for their crucial role in survival behaviour relating to resistance to cross-cultural ambiguity. Today's globalised multinational corporations (MNCs) have recognised the importance of developing their diverse workforces' intercultural sensitivity (ICS) – a worldview towards cultural difference – as a means of reducing resistance to cross-cultural ambiguity hence maintaining a professional multicultural work environment. However, no studies have yet been made investigating the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in enhancing intercultural sensitivity and simultaneously regulating emotions produced from resistance to cultural difference. Therefore, this study has explored the role of EI in enhancing ICS aiming at increasing the effectiveness of intercultural training within the context of multinational organisations. A theoretical framework was constructed presenting the idea of EI entry-points into intercultural sensitivity and resistance to difference. Through an inductive research approach, a chosen multinational airline company's flight attendants were targeted with in-depth semi-structured interviews. Grounded theory analysis was applied. The analysis resulted in the development of a grounded emotional-cognitive intercultural adaptation process together with three adaptive cognitive states. These were named: Learn, Understand, and Know. Each cognitive state was noted to be associated with a particular emotional state that causes the interacting individual to shift into the relevant cognitive state. The emotions surprise and curiosity were found to be associated with Learn while empathy was found to be associated with Understand, and finally acceptance was found to be associated with Know. The research results strongly support the proposed EI entry-points within the grounded emotional-cognitive content of the produced intercultural adaptation process. The results address the research aim regarding the role of EI in enhancing ICS. Through the EI entry-points, ICS is indirectly enhanced through the development of intercultural performance as EI mental abilities are proposed which would regulate one's behaviour towards the three grounded emotional-cognitive intercultural adaptation states. The developed model is suggested to contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of intercultural training. The trainee's intercultural performance could be enhanced through directing the emotional-cognitive dynamics, during intercultural interaction, towards the empirically grounded set of emotional-cognitive states. As linking EI and ICS remains an important and under-explored topic, it is hoped that the findings of this study will present a better understanding of the dynamics of emotions within the context of multinational organisations, as well as the role of EI in enhancing ICS, subsequently leading to further research.

<p>After the establishment of the British Protectorate in the Busa&lsquo / idi Sultanate in 1890, the British colonial administration embarked on a policy of transforming the administration of Islamic law and its institutions which included the kadhi, liwali and mudir courts. The ultimate objective of the transformation process was to incorporate such institutions into the colonial enterprise and gradually reform them. Within a span of seven decades of their colonial rule in the Busa&lsquo / idi Sultanate, the British colonial authorities managed to transform the administration of Islamic law and its institutions. Key areas of the transformation process included the formalisation of the administration of Islamic law in which procedural laws related to MPL and wakf regulations were codified. Kadhi courts and wakf commissions were institutionalised and incorporated into the colonial apparatus. In the process of transforming the kadhi courts, the British colonial authorities adopted three major policies: institutional transformation, procedural transformation, and exclusion of criminal jurisdiction from kadhi courts. The focus of the transformation process was on the curtailment of kadhis powers. By 1916 criminal jurisdiction was removed from kadhis and their civil jurisdiction was gradually confined to MPL. Other significant areas of the transformation process were the wakf institutions and slavery. Wakf institutions were related to land issues which were crucial to the colonial politics and the abolition of slavery in the Busa&lsquo / idi Sultanate was a primary concern of the British colonial administration. Through policies of compromise and coercion, the British colonial officials managed to gradually abolish slavery without causing&nbsp / political or social upheavals in the Sultanate. Due to the fact that there was no uniform policy on the transformation exercise undertaken by the British colonial officials on the ground, the reform process was marked with transformative contradictions which seemed to be a hallmark of British colonial policy in the Busa&lsquo / idi Sultanate. For instance, British colonial policies on transforming wakf institutions were caught in a contradiction in that, on the one hand, colonial efforts were geared towards transforming the land system in order to achieve economic development, and on the other hand, the British colonial officials were keen to uphold a paternalistic approach of adopting a non-interference policy in respect of religious institutions. Similarly, in abolishing slavery, the British colonial government, on the one hand, was under pressure from philanthropists and missionaries to end slavery, and, on the other hand, the British colonial officials on the ground portrayed their support of the slave owners and advocated a gradual approach to abolish slavery. Findings of this thesis reveal that the British colonial administration managed to achieve complete reform in some cases, such as, the abolition of liwali and mudir courts and confining kadhis&rsquo / civil jurisdiction to MPL, while in other areas, such as, the management of wakf institutions and the abolition of slavery, the British faced resistance from the Sultans and their subjects which resulted in partial reforms. Hence, in the process of transforming the administration of Islamic law and its institutions in the Busa&lsquo / idi Sultanate, the British colonial administration adopted a dual policy of reforming and retreating.</p>

Between 1966 and 1986 the Mengo neighborhood of Kampala, the capital of Uganda, was militarized. This dissertation examines how and why the urban dwellers of this neighborhood chose to stay in the city during this period of high insecurity. Successive governments turned several spaces and buildings in the city into army administration headquarters and barracks for soldiers. The army literally moved next door to city residents, leading to constant threats to people’s lives and their property. In order to examine Kampalans’ strategies for surviving in an insecure and dangerous urban environment, this dissertation relies on the oral histories of the men and women who lived through militarization. In so doing, I also examine how the African city of Kampala became resilient amid crisis. I argue that Kampalans relied on a set of practices and stances of defiance and subtle resistance, locally collectively known as Okujeema, to maintain their urban lives; they had inherited these strategies and modified them to suit their new challenges. From the beginning of military rule, many Kampala residents understood that the military meant to push them out of the city as a punishment for their political opposition and allegiance to the Buganda Kingdom. Okujeema is how Kampalans defined resilience and endurance. Residents displayed this trait when they resisted eviction orders, hid their property, and protected each other’s lives. They also insisted on earning a livelihood and enjoying leisure time in the midst of economic collapse. Kampala had long been a city of powerful women, a gender dynamic now challenged by the arriving soldiers. Not surprisingly, Okujeema therefore often took highly gendered forms as when traditional gender roles were inverted and women became protectors of men. All Kampalans, men and women, were urbanites, and they meant to retain that identity. The very notion of living in the city was an act of Okujeema during Kampala’s two decades of militarized crisis. / 2020-11-06T00:00:00Z

This dissertation is a social history of the Uganda Prisons Service in the late colonial and early post-colonial periods. Focusing particularly on prison officers, it advances four key arguments. Firstly, it argues that global visions of the prison were crucial in shaping the Service’s development, its institutional culture, and the professional identities of its personnel. From the late colonial period onwards, this vision was anchored on notions of penal welfarism, which positioned the prison as a centre of rehabilitation, staffed by professionals who possessed technical expertise. Secondly, the penal welfare model was combined with an emphasis on the prison’s role as a driver of economic development and a source of public revenue – features that were seen as compatible with penal modernity. Thirdly, this vision of the prison gave the Service a particular imaginative capital, which prison officers used as an important resource. It provided them with a common set of principles and norms through which to define their professional role. Senior officers adopted it with alacrity, pursuing further professionalization through engagement with transnational penal reform networks. Others summoned it as a source of claim-making, using it to call on the state to provide them with greater benefits and treat them as respectable public servants. Finally, visions of penal modernity and professionalism were contested throughout the periods under study, leading officers to engage in boundary work. Officers were regularly defining their role in relation to other spaces of incarceration, such as local government prisons and informal detention sites. With the take-over of Idi Amin in 1971 and the militarization of the state, prison officers’ professional identities were profoundly challenged, but also became particularly important, providing them with a conceptual boundary that at least partially demarcated them from Amin’s regime. Ultimately, the case of the Uganda Prisons Service reminds us of the importance of studying prisons beyond their coercive capacities, paying attention to how such institutions became the focal point of debates over modernity, authority, and professionalism. More broadly, this study challenges the narrative of failure that has dominated popular and scholarly portrayals of state institutions on the African continent, rejecting generic depictions of the postcolony as a site of chaos and disorder.

Submitted by RICARDO JOSE DA COSTA SILVA BORGES (ricardo.kadin.borges@gmail.com) on 2017-06-28T23:58:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao Completa.pdf: 922315 bytes, checksum: 0e8df32e57b8a6d069a6635c9a8075e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2017-06-30T13:43:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao Completa.pdf: 922315 bytes, checksum: 0e8df32e57b8a6d069a6635c9a8075e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-05T18:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao Completa.pdf: 922315 bytes, checksum: 0e8df32e57b8a6d069a6635c9a8075e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / This work applies an empirical interest rate model to the method of pricing fixed income index options developed in Barbachan and Ornelas (2003). This model is based on the article by Ahmad and Wilmott (2006). Specifically, in this article, options on the Average Interbank Deposit Rate (IDI) are evaluated. Usually these options are evaluated through the model of Black (1976) by the Brazilian market. However, the theory of Black (1976) is not adequate for the pricing of interest rate derivatives, mainly due to the non-observation of the normality of the returns of the target asset. This work, in addition to updating the results found by Barbachan and Ornelas (2003), has, for objective, to counter some hypotheses of parameters assumed by these authors. In this sense, the modeling of Ahmad and Wilmott (2006) is used to estimate the market price of risk and it is observed that there is variation in this parameter that was not used by Barbachan and Ornelas (2003). For the estimation of the other parameters, it was based on historical data. Finally, the results are compared with market prices. However, no conclusive results were achieved, because the values reached contradict what the theory would bring expected results for the price of these options. / Este trabalho aplica um modelo empírico para a taxa de juros baseado no artigo de Ahmad e Wilmott (2006) ao método de precificação de opções de Índices de renda fixa desenvolvido em Barbachan e Ornelas (2003). Especificamente, neste artigo, são avaliadas opções sobre Índice de Taxa Média de Depósitos Interfinanceiros de Um Dia (IDI). De características asiáticas, usualmente, estas opções são avaliadas através do modelo de Black (1976) pelo mercado brasileiro. Entretanto, a teoria que fundamenta esse modelo não está adequada ao apreçamento de derivativos de taxas de juros, por conta, sobretudo, da não observação de normalidade dos retornos do ativo objeto. Este trabalho, além de atualizar os resultados encontrados por Barbachan e Ornelas (2003), tem, por objetivo, contrapor algumas hipóteses de parâmetros assumidas por esses autores. Nesse sentido, emprega-se a modelagem de Ahmad e Wilmott (2006) para a estimação da medida de Preço de Mercado do Risco e observa-se que há variação para esse parâmetro que não foi utilizada por Barbachan e Ornelas (2003). Para a estimação dos demais parâmetros, toma-se, por base, dados históricos. Por fim, faz-se a comparação dos resultados com os preços de mercado. Os resultados desta estratégia de precificação não condizem com o esperado para o preço dessas opções.

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Le mémoire qui suit a pour objectif de faire ressortir les grandes lignes du traitement de la prise de pouvoir d’Amin, de la crise de la déportation des Asiatiques ainsi que de la rupture des liens diplomatiques entre la Grande-Bretagne et l’Ouganda telles que vues par le London Times et le Guardian. Il s’attardera également sur les divergences et les convergences entre les deux médias. Dans la mesure où elles sont assez distinctes pour représenter des approches à part entière, elle essaiera d’identifier les éléments qui influencent/structurent ces différentes approches en référence aux thèmes mentionnés auparavant.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal aplicar o modelo de precificação de opções de taxas de juros proposto por Barbachan e Ornelas (2003), com base nos modelos de taxa de juro e avaliação de opções de Cox, Ingerssol e Ross (1985), para avaliação de opções de compra sobre o Índice de Taxa Média de Depósitos Interfinanceiros de Um Dia (IDI), negociadas na BM&FBovespa. Para estimação dos parâmetros deste modelo, foi empregado o método de Máxima Verossimilhança. Neste contexto, também fez-se uso da fórmula de precificação de opções proposta por Black (1976), adaptada para o mercado de derivativos brasileiros, conforme implementação verificada no trabalho de Gluckstern et al. (2002). Tal aplicação torna-se interessante, pois este modelo é amplamente utilizado pelo mercado brasileiro para avaliação de opções sobre o IDI. De forma a verificar a aderência dos preços teóricos gerados pelos modelos, em comparação aos preços de mercado, métricas de erro foram empregadas. De forma geral, nossos resultados mostraram que ambos os modelos apresentam erros sistemáticos de precificação, onde o modelo CIR subavalia os prêmios das opções e o modelo de Black superprecifica. No entanto, bons resultados foram encontrados ao avaliarmos opções in-the-money e out-of-money com o modelo de Black. / This work aims to apply the interest rate option pricing model proposed by Barbachan and Ornelas (2003), based on the interest rate model and option pricing model developed by Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1985), to evaluate call options on the 1 day Brazilian Interfinancial Deposits Index - IDI, traded at BM&FBovespa. The Maximum Likelihood method was applied to estimate the model parameters. In this context, the option pricing formula proposed by Black (1976), adapted for the Brazilian derivative Market, was also used, according implementation verified in Gluckstern et al. (2002). This application becomes interesting because this model is widely used by the Brazilian Market to evaluate options on IDI. In order to verify the adherence of theoretical prices generated by the models, in comparison to the Market prices, error metrics were applied. In general, our results pointed out that both models presented systematic pricing errors, in which the CIR model underestimates the option prices and Black’s model overestimates. However, good results were found on the evaluation of options in-the-money and out-of-money with the Black’s Model.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal aplicar o modelo de precificação de opções de taxas de juros proposto por Barbachan e Ornelas (2003), com base nos modelos de taxa de juro e avaliação de opções de Cox, Ingerssol e Ross (1985), para avaliação de opções de compra sobre o Índice de Taxa Média de Depósitos Interfinanceiros de Um Dia (IDI), negociadas na BM&FBovespa. Para estimação dos parâmetros deste modelo, foi empregado o método de Máxima Verossimilhança. Neste contexto, também fez-se uso da fórmula de precificação de opções proposta por Black (1976), adaptada para o mercado de derivativos brasileiros, conforme implementação verificada no trabalho de Gluckstern et al. (2002). Tal aplicação torna-se interessante, pois este modelo é amplamente utilizado pelo mercado brasileiro para avaliação de opções sobre o IDI. De forma a verificar a aderência dos preços teóricos gerados pelos modelos, em comparação aos preços de mercado, métricas de erro foram empregadas. De forma geral, nossos resultados mostraram que ambos os modelos apresentam erros sistemáticos de precificação, onde o modelo CIR subavalia os prêmios das opções e o modelo de Black superprecifica. No entanto, bons resultados foram encontrados ao avaliarmos opções in-the-money e out-of-money com o modelo de Black. / This work aims to apply the interest rate option pricing model proposed by Barbachan and Ornelas (2003), based on the interest rate model and option pricing model developed by Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1985), to evaluate call options on the 1 day Brazilian Interfinancial Deposits Index - IDI, traded at BM&FBovespa. The Maximum Likelihood method was applied to estimate the model parameters. In this context, the option pricing formula proposed by Black (1976), adapted for the Brazilian derivative Market, was also used, according implementation verified in Gluckstern et al. (2002). This application becomes interesting because this model is widely used by the Brazilian Market to evaluate options on IDI. In order to verify the adherence of theoretical prices generated by the models, in comparison to the Market prices, error metrics were applied. In general, our results pointed out that both models presented systematic pricing errors, in which the CIR model underestimates the option prices and Black’s model overestimates. However, good results were found on the evaluation of options in-the-money and out-of-money with the Black’s Model.