<p>Den svenska försvarsmakten har genomgått en förändring mot ett insatsförsvar från ett invasionsförsvar. I dagsläget genomför Försvarsmakten insatser internationellt, tillsammans med flera olika nationer, något som ställer krav på interoperabilitet. Försvarsmakten har genomfört insatser i Afghanistan sedan 2002 och har där varit med om utvecklingen av IED-hotet och på så sätt blivit tvungen att genomföra en anpassning. Hur långt har denna anpassning kommit, främst i form av utbildning och direktiv utgivna av Försvarsmakten? Ett tydligt mål är uppsatt men finns underlaget för att nå detta mål? I uppsatsen kommer jag att jämföra de styrningar som finns i målet, NATO 2294 och AJP 3.15, med de direktiv som Försvarsmakten har gett ut och de krav som ställs på utbildning.</p> / <p>The Swedish Armed Forces have transformed from being mainly a national defence force to becoming a mission-based force, capable of being deployed within and outside the Swedish border. Currently, the Swedish Armed Forces are operating internationally, with several other nationalities. It has therefore become important for the Armed Forces to be capable of operating with other nations. Since the beginning of 2002, the Swedish Armed Forces has been operating in Afghanistan and experienced the changes in the level of IED-threat and has been forced to adapt to it. How far has this adaptation come, with focus on training and instructions? There is a goal stated, but do the necessary qualities exist? In this paper I will compare the goal, NATO STANAG 2294 and AJP 3.15, with the instructionsand the demands on training that the Swedish Armed Forces has developed.</p>

Den svenska försvarsmakten har genomgått en förändring mot ett insatsförsvar från ett invasionsförsvar. I dagsläget genomför Försvarsmakten insatser internationellt, tillsammans med flera olika nationer, något som ställer krav på interoperabilitet. Försvarsmakten har genomfört insatser i Afghanistan sedan 2002 och har där varit med om utvecklingen av IED-hotet och på så sätt blivit tvungen att genomföra en anpassning. Hur långt har denna anpassning kommit, främst i form av utbildning och direktiv utgivna av Försvarsmakten? Ett tydligt mål är uppsatt men finns underlaget för att nå detta mål? I uppsatsen kommer jag att jämföra de styrningar som finns i målet, NATO 2294 och AJP 3.15, med de direktiv som Försvarsmakten har gett ut och de krav som ställs på utbildning. / The Swedish Armed Forces have transformed from being mainly a national defence force to becoming a mission-based force, capable of being deployed within and outside the Swedish border. Currently, the Swedish Armed Forces are operating internationally, with several other nationalities. It has therefore become important for the Armed Forces to be capable of operating with other nations. Since the beginning of 2002, the Swedish Armed Forces has been operating in Afghanistan and experienced the changes in the level of IED-threat and has been forced to adapt to it. How far has this adaptation come, with focus on training and instructions? There is a goal stated, but do the necessary qualities exist? In this paper I will compare the goal, NATO STANAG 2294 and AJP 3.15, with the instructionsand the demands on training that the Swedish Armed Forces has developed.

No description available.

The advent of cheaper, more powerful substation relays, now commonly known as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), will have a substantial impact on Powerco information systems. Their impact is two-fold; the sheer volume of information associated with modern relays will require a more capable relay management system than the one currently being used. The second effect is the amount of data that can be gathered and used for network improvement. Improper management of both types of information will lead to worse outcomes for Powerco reliability performance, and ultimately its financial performance. This report details two projects concerned with the management of IED information.The first project is concerned with a proposed upgrade of the Powerco relay management system. This involved requirements engineering, investigation of database systems and a commercial tendering process. It was found that the data schema had a large effect on efficiency and efficacy of relay management systems. The optimal solution would be to procure a proven relay management system from an established vendor, given resource constraints and proven-for-purpose data schema. The second project is focused on the deployment of automated event report collection software. The impetus of this project was the inefficiencies that arise from manual collection and processing of network event data from substation relays. These hamper the network improvement process, negatively affecting Powerco network reliability. A Cost-Benefit Analysis was performed to determine if such functionality was worth deploying across the network. It was found that automated event report collection produced operational savings from reduced technician dispatch frequency. Other benefits include greater data captured, faster fault response time, and a transformation of the existing reactive network improvement engineering process to one that is proactive. This will require additional engineering resources to be dedicated to event analysis. A deployment schedule was formulated based on historical reliability and agreed service levels. The larger implications of this report are that additional resourcing, and careful consideration of the information management processes are required to take advantage of the greater volume of data generated by IEDs.

La tesis se divide en cuatro partes más una de conclusiones generales y comentarios. En la primera parte del trabajo se discuten las distintas teorías sobre los determinantes de la IED haciendo énfasis en los determinantes de localización. En la segunda parte, se señalan las grandes tendencias de la IED a nivel mundial, revisando más profundamente los comportamientos en Latinoamérica en general y de forma más extensa el caso mexicano. Se encuentra que el efecto del TLCAN ha sido positivo para la atracción de IED hacia México. En la tercera parte se estiman distintos modelos empíricos de la IED hacia México usando dos técnicas econométricas: Se estimaron para la IED total, nuevas inversiones, y para la IED estadounidense, los coeficientes de largo plazo, a través de la metodología de cointegración. También se empleó un "pool" de datos, estimando el modelo de efectos fijos para la IED, tanto total como en manufacturas hacia México. Las variables que aproximan al tamaño de mercado, los costes unitarios del trabajo y la incertidumbre resultan ser las variables más importantes en el modelo (elasticidad con el signo esperado y significativa). Las elasticidades varían, en función del tipo de IED que se trate, así como del país emisor. Con los modelos de efectos fijos se aprecia que la apertura económica de la economía mexicana favorece los flujos de IED hacia México. Asimismo los inversionistas se localizan en el territorio mexicano como consecuencia de su estrategia de penetración del mercado, es decir, en una primera etapa lo abastecen por medio de las exportaciones para en una segunda invertir de forma directa. La IED manufacturera es más sensible a los cambios de las barreras comerciales que la agregada. La diferencia en el crecimiento de la economía es más importante para la IED agregada que para sólo la manufacturera, a la vez que es menos sensible a cambios en la apertura económica.En la cuarta parte de la tesis se analizan los determinantes regionales de la IED. Se realiza un estudio empírico sobre la localización geográfica de la actividad económica mexicana. A partir de la Nueva Geografía Económica (NGE) se calibran distintos modelos empíricos, con la técnica de un "pool de datos", sobre los factores que pueden afectar la decisión de IED en las regiones de México. Del modelo empírico estimado se concluye que las aglomeraciones determinan la localización de la actividad económica en general y particularmente de la IED, volviendo a quedar clara la utilidad de separar por tipo de operaciones ya que las aglomeraciones (de actividad extranjera, servicios y manufacturas) son importantes dependiendo del tipo de operación del cual se trate. Los resultados respecto a la localización de la IED en sitios con altos costes laborales, indicarían cierta evidencia favorable a la NGE. El potencial de mercado es también importante para localización de la IED a nivel regional, tanto total como en maquila, y corrobora las predicciones de la NGE en el sentido de que los sitios con mejores accesos a los mercados serán los receptores de mayores niveles de IED. Pese a que existan costes de congestión que efectivamente operan en sentido inverso, dependiendo del tipo de operación del que se trate, las aglomeraciones previas a la apertura son determinantes significativos de la IED. / The thesis is divided in four chapters and one more commenting general conclusion. Different theories about FDI determinants are discussed in the first chapter. Emphasis is made on localization determinants. Chapter two broadly highlights global trends of FDI; deeper review of these trends heading towards Latin America is made, particularly the ones locating in Mexico. Some evidence is found on NAFTA positively affecting FDI inflows to Mexico. In chapter three different empirical models for FDI to Mexico are estimated using two econometric methods: For total, new investments, and US FDI, long run relationships are estimated by cointergation method. Pool data were used in order to estimate fixed effects models (FEM) by country of origin considering total and manufacturing FDI into Mexico. Market size, unit labor cost and uncertainty variables were found to be statistically significant and correctly signed for the long run model. Elasticities were found to be dependent on FDI type and on country of origin, whereas pool estimation found Mexican trade liberalization to be positive related to FDI inflows. Seems to be that foreign investors invest in Mexico as a penetration strategy i.e. in a first stage they serve Mexican market via exports and then in a second stage they invest directly. Manufacturing FDI is more sensible to changes in trade barriers than total FDI. Market growth rate differential is more important to attract total FDI than for only manufacturing FDI, as well as total FDI is found to be less sensible to trade liberalization.Chapter four analyses regional determinants of FDI. An empirical study for the localization of the Mexican economy is made at the beginning of the chapter. From New Economic Geography (NEG) ideas, different econometric models are estimated using pool data of the Mexican states in order to find some evidence of the factors determining FDI localization in Mexican regions. Agglomerations are found to be very important determinants for the FDI location and for the Mexican economic activity too. Also remains clear the importance of taking into account different types of FDI, since agglomerations considered in the study (manufacturing, services and foreign activity) are relevant depending on those types. Labor cost results may be indicating some positive evidence to NEG. Market potential is also important for the localization of regional total manufacturing FDI and FDI in the maquila industry, corroborating certain predictions of NEG i.e. places having better market access will receive higher FDI flows. Although evidence is found that congestion costs are functioning to inhibit FDI localization, controlling FDI type, existing agglomerations previous to the opening of the Mexican economy are found to be significant FDI determinants.

As the information age comes to fruition, terrorist networks have moved mainstream by promoting their causes via the World Wide Web. In addition to their standard rhetoric, these organizations provide anyone with an Internet connection the ability to access dangerous information involving the creation and implementation of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Unfortunately for governments combating terrorism, IED education networks can be very difficult to find and even harder to monitor. Regular commercial search engines are not up to this task, as they have been optimized to catalog information quickly and efficiently for user ease of access while promoting retail commerce at the same time. This thesis presents a performance analysis of a new search engine algorithm designed to help find IED education networks using the Nutch open-source search engine architecture. It reveals which web pages are more important via references from other web pages regardless of domain. In addition, this thesis discusses potential evaluation and monitoring techniques to be used in conjunction with the proposed algorithm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5959_1.pdf: 1277540 bytes, checksum: f42b39bee25bd7e2461cea18b0e3faf5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Esse trabalho pretende apresentar uma leitura sobre os determinantes do fluxo de Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED) para o Brasil no período recente. Para tanto, utilizase de um referencial teórico baseado na concepção de que tal tipo de investimento só se torna viável quando da presença de três condições, quais sejam, vantagens específicas à propriedade da empresa investidora, vantagens de internalização de sua produção pela via do IED e vantagens locacionais da economia receptora. Considerando-se o perfil do IED segundo o grau de desenvolvimento dos países destinatários do investimento, foram identificadas distinções no fluxo às economias, decorrentes das diferentes estratégias adotadas pelas empresas multinacionais. No que diz respeito ao Brasil, observou-se que o IED no corte temporal adotado foi influenciado por determinantes ligados a fatores exógenos e endógenos à sua economia. Avaliou-se, assim, que a construção de um ambiente interno favorável ao investimento estrangeiro constitui-se em condição necessária mas não suficiente à sua atração, devendo-se, também, levar em consideração o contexto macroeconômico e institucional externo, assim como o quadro de concorrência vigente nos diversos mercados, para a adequada avaliação do comportamento do fluxo

Submitted by Israel Vieira Neto (israel.vieiraneto@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T14:19:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Gilberto José Alves Costa Júnior.pdf: 1826953 bytes, checksum: 8d91e844f5a7a53003fa1d69f893a8dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T14:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Gilberto José Alves Costa Júnior.pdf: 1826953 bytes, checksum: 8d91e844f5a7a53003fa1d69f893a8dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / desenvolvimento de vários segmentos da indústria nacional e têm seu marco regulatório a partir da Constituição Federal. A Carta Magna, entretanto, restringe a aplicação, direta ou indireta, de IED em operações hospitalares privadas. Partindo dessa restrição legal e objetivando avaliar impactos no desenvolvimento do mercado interno de serviços hospitalares, empreendeu-se uma análise comparativa do marco regulatório entre os países que compõem o grupo BRICS – Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul e os Estados Unidos da América (EUA). Destaque-se que os membros do BRICS, além das diferenças econômicas, sociais e de modelo governamental, possuem regulamentações distintas com relação à entrada de capital estrangeiro para investimento direto em operações hospitalares privadas. Nesse sentido, observa-se que os demais países do BRICS fomentam operações de investimento, de fusões e aquisições de operadores hospitalares locais, além de parcerias estruturadas, com o objetivo de financiar seus sistemas, público e privado, e principalmente integrarem e qualificarem os serviços de saúde. Verifica-se, assim, que a regulação e o controle impostos pelos organismos públicos têm permitido o desenvolvimento de grandes operações hospitalares em todos os países do BRICS, excluído o Brasil, e nos EUA. Constata-se que, de modo geral, o modelo de provimento amplo e direto dos serviços de saúde pelo Estado mostra-se deficiente e limitado no atendimento à população, além de exigir recursos permanentes em imobilizações, manutenção de instalações e investimentos em equipamentos. No âmbito internacional, percebe-se que, cada vez mais, os países buscam recursos privados, internos ou externos, para desenvolver atividades reguladas pelo poder público e consideradas de interesse coletivo. Evidencia-se, por outro lado, que o IED em hospitais não deve ser considerado fator que possa prejudicar o acesso amplo da população brasileira aos serviços de saúde e que a proteção contínua ao investidor local proporcionada pelas restrições constitucionais tem, na verdade, reduzido o acesso da população a serviços de referência e, além disso, de certo modo, impedido que o poder público direcione recursos que são escassos para aplicação de forma objetiva e direta na saúde básica da população. Nesse contexto, avaliadas as normas, os regulamentos, as leis e o desempenho dos serviços de saúde de cada um dos países objeto dessa comparação, ratifica-se o entendimento de que a entrada de capital externo tem desenvolvido o setor de saúde e contribuído para a evolução qualitativa dos serviços prestados pelas entidades hospitalares. Diante dessas evidências e das situações descritas ao longo desse trabalho, faz-se necessário que as organizações públicas brasileiras acelerem as mudanças legais no arcabouço constitucional de modo que sejam eliminadas ou reduzidas as restrições ao IED em hospitais privados, proporcionando assim condições para o desenvolvimento de um ambiente dinâmico e de provimento privado, como requer a urgência na prestação dos serviços de saúde.

The amount of information transmitted in automation systems has grown exponentially, since the modern digital protection and control devices had been introduced. These systems with different features, limited data flow and the mutual incompatibility were mostly based on the principles defined by vendors themselves. The international communication standard IEC 61850 was created with the aim of introducing definite rules and the structure into the communication part of the electrical substations with the application of the latest technologies. This standard also emphasises the mutual interoperability of the different vendors´ devices. This thesis is focused on the comprehension of basic principles, the practical application and the testing of digital protections with IEC 61850 communication standard implemented. The first part of my thesis is a theoretical one and describes basic principles, services and possibilities of the abstract communication model defined by IEC 61850 standard. The second part of my thesis describes the configuration of IEC 61850 communication standard of the protective terminal REF 542plus with the partial support of this standard including only the vertical communication and the subsequent testing using the OMICRON's testing tool IED Scout. The third part of my thesis is focused on the configuration of the feeder protection REF615 which has fully implemented IEC 61850 standard covering both vertical and horizontal communication by means of the GOOSE messages and the subsequent testing using the ABB's testing tool ITT600 SA Explorer. The testing of both protective devices was carried out in the laboratory of the protection relays on the testing panels at ABB PPMV Brno. The conclusion summarizes the contributions of IEC 61850 communication standard and there are also compared the engineering procedures of the protective terminal REF 542plus and the feeder protection REF615.

O presente trabalho analisa o investimento externo direto das empresas sul-coreanas no mundo, considerando que o IED é resultado e alimenta o processo de concentração e centralização do capital. Abrangendo um período de 1968 a 2010, a pesquisa aponta para mudanças no papel do Estado, na proporção e no portfólio do investimento, e nas regiões para as quais se destinam os investimentos.. Buscou-se periodizar o fenômeno conforme as alterações da estrutura normativa que institucionaliza e autoriza dos investimentos, considerando também as mudanças macroeconômicas e políticas de cada período. / This dissertation examines the foreign direct investment of South Korean companies in the world, considering that FDI is the result and feeds the process of concentration and centralization of capital. Spanning a period from 1968 to 2010, the research points to changes in the role of the state, in proportion and portfolio investment, and regions for which the investments went. We tried to periodize the phenomenon according to the regulatory framework that institutionalizes and authorizes the investment, considering also the macroeconomic changes and policies of each period.