Les neutrophiles contribuent à l'inflammation protectrice et pathologique. Ce projet de thèse consiste à déterminer le rôle des neutrophiles dans des modèles d'inflammation systémique graves et potentiellement mortelles, induite par le lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxémie) ou par des complexes immuns antigène-anticorps (anaphylaxie). L'anaphylaxie est une réaction allergique qui peut être IgE- et/ou IgG-dépendante. L’endotoxémie est un modèle pertinent de l'inflammation au cours de maladies graves. Pour étudier les neutrophiles in vivo, nous avons utilisé un nouveau modèle murin de neutropénie inductible. Nous montrons que les neutrophiles et la Myélopéroxidase qu’ils produisent ont un rôle protecteur dans le choc endotoxique, indépendamment de l'environnement microbiologique. A l'inverse, les neutrophiles peuvent contribuer à l'anaphylaxie induite par les IgG chez la souris. Comme les récepteurs pour les IgG (FcγR) murins sont très différents des humains, nous avons développé un modèle de souris knock-in dans lequel les FcγR murins a été remplacé par les FcγR humains, activateurs et inhibiteur. Chez ces souris, nous montrons que des IgG humaines peuvent induire une anaphylaxie: le FcγRIIA a un rôle dominant, via l'activation des neutrophiles, et les médiateurs PAF et histamine. En parallèle, nous développons un modèle murin d’anaphylaxie à un curare, le Rocuronium, utilisé en clinique. Au même temps, dans une étude clinique, les résultats d’analyses des échantillons sanguins des patients suspectés d’avoir subi une anaphylaxie au curare soutien notre hypothèse de travail: que l’activation des neutrophiles par des IgG spécifiques est impliquée dans l'anaphylaxie humaine. / Neutrophils are agents of protective and pathological inflammation. This thesis work aimed to determine the role of neutrophils during severe, potentially fatal models of systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxemia) or by IgG immune complexes (anaphylaxis). Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that may proceed via IgE- or IgG-dependant pathways. Endotoxemia is a model relevant to inflammation during critical illness. To study neutrophils in vivo, we employed a new mouse model of inducible neutropenia. We found, surprisingly, that neutrophils and neutrophil-derived MPO protect against the severity of endotoxic shock, independently of the microbiological environment, suggesting that neutrophils limit inflammation during endotoxemia. Conversely, neutrophils can contribute to IgG-induced anaphylaxis in mice. As mice and human IgG receptors (FcγR) are very different, we developed a novel mouse strain in which targeted insertion of human FcγR into the murine loci recapitulated hFcγR expression. Herein, using these mice, this work demonstrates that anaphylaxis induced by hIgG proceeds within a native context of activating and inhibitory hFcγRs, and that neutrophil activation via FcγRIIA is a dominant pathological pathway, involving the mediators PAF and histamine. Finally, we describe ongoing development of a mouse model of anaphylaxis in response to Rocuronium, a curare-based neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA). In addition, as part of a collaborative clinical study we analysed blood samples from patients suspected of NMBA-induced anaphylaxis, finding evidence for the activation of a neutrophil- and IgG-dependent axis during human anaphylaxis.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Plasmodium vivax malaria is geographically widespread and remains a significant public health burden in the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the western Pacific. In order to achieve the end goal of malaria eradication, a highly effective vaccine targeting P. vivax is urgently needed. Unlike pre-erythrocytic vaccines that aim to confer sterile immunity that prevents malaria infection altogether, Plasmodium vivax blood-stage vaccines aim to confer clinical immunity that protects against malarial disease by controlling parasitemia and mitigating the symptomatic manifestations of malaria after infection. To design an effective P. vivax blood-stage vaccine, it is essential to understand the acquisition and longevity of natural humoral immune responses against promising P. vivax blood-stage vaccine candidate antigens. We hypothesize that acute vivax malaria induces differential humoral immune responses against P. vivax antigens that exhibit antigen-specific kinetic and compositional profiles, which can be used to identify vaccine candidates that elicit durable humoral responses. Therefore, we compared the kinetic profiles and half-lives of naturally acquired IgG antibodies reactive against nine promising P. vivax blood-stage vaccine candidate antigens up to 180 days post-infection in Brazilians with acute vivax malaria. Naturally acquired IgG antibodies against these antigens have previously been associated with a reduced risk of vivax malaria. Among the P. vivax antigens evaluated, the merozoite antigen Pv12 elicited the most durable IgG antibodies, whereas the DBP-FL elicited the most short-lived responses. Neither patient age nor prior malaria exposure significantly correlated with the magnitude and durability of IgG responses to any P. vivax antigen. Seropositivity, against Pv12, was generally maintained for at least 30 days after acute vivax malaria. These findings suggest that a blood-stage vaccine targeting Pv12 may benefit from boosting IgG antibodies against this antigen after natural vivax “breakthrough” infections. Further studies will be needed to determine the Pv12-specific memory B cell response as well as the functional role for naturally acquired Pv12-specific antibodies in reducing parasitemia and/or clinical disease. In summary, the current study has provided insight into the longevity of IgG antibody responses to important P. vivax antigens after an acute malaria episode.

No description available.

This bachelor thesis is a literature study presenting detected glycan structures of serum IgG, in literature, from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy individuals. It is a systematic literature study. The study involved searching theoretical information about glycosylation, glycans and their functions, the structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation and its functions in the immune defense, rheumatoid arthritis, methods for IgG glycopeptide enrichment, quantification and characterization methods (capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry). The method used for the literature study involved searches in databases with keywords, manual research and quality control of the sources. In the result, two different research articles about abnormal IgG glycosylation in RA compared with healthy controls, are presented and compared. The methodology the researchers used are briefly described supported by the theoretical background. It can be stated that identification and detection of abnormal glycan structures of IgG from RA patients have potential to be used as biomarkers. The glycoproteomics field is emerging for sensitive and high throughput quantification and identification methods combined with enrichment methods for efficient analysis. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has shown good potential for characterization of glycan structures and has been widely used in clinical diagnostics. / Detta examensarbete är en litteraturstudie som presenterar detekterade glykanstrukturer för immunoglobulin G (IgG) från serum, vilka har publicerats i litteraturen, och som kommer från patienter med reumatisk artrit (RA) och friska individer. Det är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Studien behandlade ett sökningsarbete för teoretisk information om, glykosylering, glykaner, och dess funktioner, den strukturella uppbyggnaden av IgG och dess funktioner i immunförsvaret, RA, olika anrikningsmetoder för IgG och kvantifierings - och identifieringsmetoder (kapillär elektrofores, CE och masspektrometri, MS). Metoden involverade sökningar i databaser samt manuella sökningar följt av en kvalitetskontroll. I resultatet presenteras och jämförs två olika forskningsartiklar som handlar om förändrad glykolsylering av IgG hos RA-patienter jämfört med friska individer. Metodologin som forskarna använt beskrivs ytligt, med stöd av grundligare information i den teoretiska bakgrunden. Det kan konstateras att identifiering och detektion av ovanliga glykanstrukturer för IgG hos RA patienter har potential att användas som biomarkörer för sjukdomen. Området glykoproteomik är i behov av känsliga och robusta kvantifierings - och identifieringsmetoder som klarar av höga genomströmningar, vilka kan kombineras med anrikningsmetoder för att uppnå god analyseffektivitet. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) har visat god potential för att karaktärisera glykanstrukturer och användas inom klinisk diagnostik.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第24806号 / 社医博第130号 / 新制||社医||12(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 文彦, 教授 YOUSSEFIAN Shohab, 教授 永井 洋士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

The antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) can be tryptically digested into smaller peptides. This study attempted to develop a separation method for those peptides using RP-HPLC with a C18 column at room temperature. Optimizing separation of trypsin cleaved cytochrome C was used as a guideline before analyzing IgG. The optimized analysis of Cytochrome C was performed at wavelength 280nm (UV) and methanol was used as an organic solvent in mobile phase (B). A fast gradient to 100% mobile phase B with low flow rate gave favorable results for cytochrome C. A slow gradient to 100% mobile phase B was suited for IgG separation. The optimized gradient elution of cytochrome C and IgG was performed at 0.3 and 0.8 ml/min, respectively. / Antikroppen Immunoglobulin G (IgG) kan klyvas till peptider med enzymet trypsin. Under denna studie ska utvecklades en separationsmetod för dessa peptider med RP-HPLC. Separationen utfördes med en C18 kolonn i rumstemperatur. Först optimerades en separation av trypsin-klyvt cytokrom C vars optimerade parametrar sedan användes som grund för IgG-separation. Optimeringen utfördes vid våglängden 280 nm(UV) och metanol användes som organiskt lösningsmedel i mobil fas (B). En snabb gradient upp till 100% B med låg flödeshastighet gav mest gynnsamt resultat för cytokrom C. Separationen av IgG gynnades av ett högt flöde och en långsam gradient till 100% B. Den optimerade gradientelueringen för cytokrom C och IgG gjordes vid flödet 0.3 respektive 0.8 ml/min.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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A importância em conhecer o padrão alimentar em mosquitos da Família Culicidae permite esclarecer alguns aspectos relacionados à transmissão de zoonoses e estimar o grau de contato humano-vetor que é fator relevante em estudos epidemiológicos. Com o objetivo de explorar o comportamento alimentar dessa Família, em área epizoótica de febre amarela silvestre, foram coletados exemplares nos municípios de Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fêmeas ingurgitadas foram obtidas por aspiração em ambiente de mata, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2007 e identificadas segundo fonte de sangue ingerido através da técnica imunoenzimática ELISA de captura no sistema avidinabiotina. Foram testadas seis fontes de alimento: ave, bovino, eqüino, humano, macaco e rato. Os resultados obtidos mediante a padronização de anticorpos monoclonais possibilitaram demonstrar pela primeira vez o reconhecimento de sangue humano ingerido nesses mosquitos pelo emprego da subclasse IgG1 e comprovar a sensibilidade e especificidade da técnica ELISA de captura. No município de Santo Antônio das Missões, de um total de 190 amostras, 60,9% reagiram para sangue de boi, 23,6% para humano, 9,9% para ave, 1,9% para macaco e 3,7% para combinações de dois hospedeiros. Quanto às amostras referentes ao município de Garruchos, das 158 fêmeas capturadas na área Cachoeirinha pode-se observar reatividade para ave (16%), boi (29,6%), humano (36,8%), cavalo (4%), macaco (0,8%) e combinações de hospedeiros (12,8%), enquanto que para as 149 fêmeas pertencentes à área de São José, detectou-se sangue ingerido de boi em (51,5%), ave e humano (11,5%), macaco (6,2%), cavalo (0,8%) e mistos (18,5%). Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentaram maior número de fêmeas ingurgitadas nos dois municípios. Os resultados obtidos com Aedes scapularis sugerem ecletismo, conforme combinações detectadas em amostras de sangue de diferentes fontes. Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentou a maior proporção de amostras contendo sangue humano em relação às demais fontes e essa característica traz implicações, por ser espécie incriminada na transmissão e por se tratar de área de ocorrência de epizootias de febre amarela. / The knowledge of mosquitoes Culicidae host feeding patterns permits to clarify some aspects related to zoonosis transmission and to estimate the degree of human-vector contact which is relevant in epidemiological studies. Aiming to explore the feeding behavior of these mosquitoes, specimens were collected in the municipalities of Santo Antônio das Missões and Garruchos, Rio Grande do Sul, an epizootic area of sylvatic yellow fever. Engorged females were collected by aspiration from forested areas from September 2005-April 2007 and their blood meals were identified using the avidin-biotin system of immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Six blood meal sources were tested: bird, cattle, horse, human, monkey and rat. The result achieved with the species-specific IgG1 mAb was unprecedented for mosquito blood meal identification and reinforced the sensibility and specificity of the immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Of the 190 samples from Santo Antônio das Missões, 60.9% reacted to cattle, 23.6% to human, 9.9% to bird, 1.9% to monkey and 3.7% to mixed blood meals. In Garruchos, of the 158 females collected in Cachoeirinha, 16.0% reacted to bird, 29.6% to cattle, 36.8% to human, 4.0% to horse, 0.8% to monkey and 12.8% to mixed blood, while of the 149 engorged females from São José, blood from cattle accounted for 51.5%, of blood identified, bird and human 11.5%, monkey 6.2%, horse 0.8% and mixed blood 18.5%. Blood engorged females of Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus predominated in the two municipalities. The results obtained with Aedes scapularis suggests its eclecticism, according to the combinations of blood which were detected from different sources. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was found to have the highest proportion of samples containing human blood in comparison with other sources, which has implications, on account of being incriminated in the transmission and also for taking into consideration the outbreaks reported that underline the risk of yellow fever.