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Over the last five decades, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants coming to and settling in the United States (U.S.). Limited research has explored the job and workplace characteristics that contribute to work-family conflict among immigrant workers. To fill this gap in knowledge this study examines the relationship of job demands, social support and worker characteristics to work-family conflict among immigrant and native workers in the U.S. Using the 2002 National Study of Changing Workforce (NSCW), this exploratory study identifies the job demands, social support and socio-demographic factors related with time-based, and strain-based, work-family conflict among immigrant (n=157) and native workers (n=165). Four research questions were posited to examine the differences between the immigrant and native workers’ experiences of job demands, workplace social support, and work-family conflict; the relationship between job demands, workplace social support and time-based and strain-based work-family conflict; and the job demands, workplace social support and socio-demographic characteristics that predicted time-based, and strain-based work-family conflict. Independent sample t-tests, cross-tabulations, and stepwise multiple regressions via backward elimination method were used to address specific research questions. Findings indicate that only two job demands, work schedule and learning requirements, are significantly different between immigrant and native workers. Multivariate analysis suggests that among immigrant workers, workload pressure, total hours worked, and lack of co-worker social support are significantly associated with time-based, work-family conflict; being married, lack of supervisor social support, lack of learning requirements, increased work hours and workload pressure are associated with strain-based, work-family conflict. Among native workers childcare responsibilities, lower levels of income, a job with rotating or split shifts, high workload pressure, increased work hours, and lower learning requirements are associated with time-based work-family conflict. Being younger, having lower supervisor social support, lower learning requirements, higher workload pressure, working at rotating/split shift, and having work role ambiguity are significant predictors of strain-based, work-family conflict among native workers. Drawing on person-in-environment perspective, this study has implications for social work practice at individual, organizational, and policy levels, and also for work-life research among immigrant working populations.

O período de 1917 a 1919 foi marcado por intensa atividade reivindicatória no Brasil e no mundo, insuflada pelo clima de instabilidade global e pelo exemplo da Revolução Bolchevique. No Brasil, tal quadro repetia-se, tendo sido esse um momento de intensificação da mobilização operária, marcada por inúmeras greves que irromperam no cenário de vários centros urbanos brasileiros. Atentas a essa conjuntura, as elites políticas brasileiros não tardaram a se posicionar sobre ela. Os discursos parlamentares produzidos na Câmara dos Deputados sobre o movimento operário foram aqui objeto de análise, a fim de se determinar quais as posições presentes naquela casa legislativa sobre o tema. Duas posturas contrapostas foram identificadas: uma, majoritária, legitimadora das políticas repressivas implementadas pelos governos estaduais e federais ao movimento, calcada em uma visão em que o movimento operário era apresentado como elemento de desordem comandado por estrangeiros perniciosos; outra, minoritária, que defendia um olhar atento, por parte da instância política, sobre as reivindicações sociais, bandeiras centrais da mobilização operária. Esse embate de ideias, que se desdobrava da questão específica do operariado para outras esferas da sociedade brasileira, não foi resolvido pelo convencimento ou consenso. O olhar condenatório, produtor de um discurso que se utilizava de maneira recorrente da lógica argumentativa presente no mito político da conspiração, acaba por servir de legitimação às ações de força impostas ao movimento pelos governantes. / The period from 1917 to 1919 was marked by intense labor rights activities in both Brazil and the rest of the world, prompted by global instability and the Bolshevik Revolution. In Brazil, these events repeated themselves, becoming an intensified movement of workers' mobilization, marked by high numbers of strikes, that happened in different urban centers throughout the country. Paying close attention to this new picture, the Brazilian political elites did not take long to position themselves. The parliamentary discourses produced by the Deputies' Chamber about the conflicts, were the objects of analysis of the present research, with the purpose of finding out what positions were taken by the legislative house. Two opposing postures were identified: one taken by the majority, that legitimized the repressive politics towards the movement implemented by both the state and federal governments, based on the view that the latter presented itself as some sort of turmoil lead by evil foreigners; the other, taken by the minority, demanded an attentive look by the political instances over the social demands, which were central objectives of the workers' mobilization. This clash of ideas, which expanded the matters of workers into other spheres within Brazilian society, were not resolved by convictions or common sense. The repressive outlook produced a discourse commonly used in argumentative logic present in the political myth of 'conspiracy', and ended up legitimizing the use of force imposed on the movement by the government.

O período de 1917 a 1919 foi marcado por intensa atividade reivindicatória no Brasil e no mundo, insuflada pelo clima de instabilidade global e pelo exemplo da Revolução Bolchevique. No Brasil, tal quadro repetia-se, tendo sido esse um momento de intensificação da mobilização operária, marcada por inúmeras greves que irromperam no cenário de vários centros urbanos brasileiros. Atentas a essa conjuntura, as elites políticas brasileiros não tardaram a se posicionar sobre ela. Os discursos parlamentares produzidos na Câmara dos Deputados sobre o movimento operário foram aqui objeto de análise, a fim de se determinar quais as posições presentes naquela casa legislativa sobre o tema. Duas posturas contrapostas foram identificadas: uma, majoritária, legitimadora das políticas repressivas implementadas pelos governos estaduais e federais ao movimento, calcada em uma visão em que o movimento operário era apresentado como elemento de desordem comandado por estrangeiros perniciosos; outra, minoritária, que defendia um olhar atento, por parte da instância política, sobre as reivindicações sociais, bandeiras centrais da mobilização operária. Esse embate de ideias, que se desdobrava da questão específica do operariado para outras esferas da sociedade brasileira, não foi resolvido pelo convencimento ou consenso. O olhar condenatório, produtor de um discurso que se utilizava de maneira recorrente da lógica argumentativa presente no mito político da conspiração, acaba por servir de legitimação às ações de força impostas ao movimento pelos governantes. / The period from 1917 to 1919 was marked by intense labor rights activities in both Brazil and the rest of the world, prompted by global instability and the Bolshevik Revolution. In Brazil, these events repeated themselves, becoming an intensified movement of workers' mobilization, marked by high numbers of strikes, that happened in different urban centers throughout the country. Paying close attention to this new picture, the Brazilian political elites did not take long to position themselves. The parliamentary discourses produced by the Deputies' Chamber about the conflicts, were the objects of analysis of the present research, with the purpose of finding out what positions were taken by the legislative house. Two opposing postures were identified: one taken by the majority, that legitimized the repressive politics towards the movement implemented by both the state and federal governments, based on the view that the latter presented itself as some sort of turmoil lead by evil foreigners; the other, taken by the minority, demanded an attentive look by the political instances over the social demands, which were central objectives of the workers' mobilization. This clash of ideas, which expanded the matters of workers into other spheres within Brazilian society, were not resolved by convictions or common sense. The repressive outlook produced a discourse commonly used in argumentative logic present in the political myth of 'conspiracy', and ended up legitimizing the use of force imposed on the movement by the government.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Even though it has been a little more than 15 years since the establishment of Mercosur and, along with it, the intention to strengthen the process of regional integration, through the commitment of the member countries - Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay of having their legislations in conformity, there are still many gaps which are easily visible creating obstacles for the social integrations of the peoples involved. Among these deficiencies, some endorsed documents along the history of Mercosur are directed to the protection of human rights and, consequently, to the social integration. However, some still lack effective commitment previously agreed by the member countries. Therefore the present paper becomes important as it is understood that the strengthening of the regional integration is not solely base don the economical trades between the countries. Moreover, due to the bordering permeability created with the Mercosur, the integration enlarges its reach with the human movement and the consequences produced by it. In this scenario, the present paper aims at investigating if the recent Agreements on Residence for Natives from the Mercosur member Countries discipline the human right to work of the immigrants from Mercosur. In order for that to happen, in a first moment we approached the necessity of interaction between the social and economical integration, from the protection of the human rights of the immigrant workers from the Mercosur countries. After that, the effectiveness of the Agreements on Residence and the repercussions for the social integration were analyzed, both in terms of perspectives of advancing as well as in terms of the stagnation of this integration. Finally, an investigation concerning the Mercosur working jurisdictions has been made previous to the Agreements being studied here, concerning the entailing judicial powers as well as the impact on the immigrant workers native from the Mercosur countries. Concluding, base don the analysis made, it is suggested a bigger effort from the member countries in relation to the working social norms endorsed which, theoretically, demonstrate being quite satisfactory, but lack real effectiveness in the Mercosur area. / Mesmo passados pouco mais de 15 anos desde a constituição do Mercosul e, com ela, o desígnio de fortificar o processo de integração regional, através do comprometimento dos Estados Partes - Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai - de harmonizarem suas legislações, ainda são plenamente visíveis as lacunas que obstaculizam a integração social dos povos envolvidos. Em meio a estas deficiências, alguns documentos subscritos ao longo da história do Mercosul voltam-se à proteção dos direitos humanos e, por conseqüência, à integração social; porém, alguns ainda carecem do efetivo comprometimento outrora firmado pelos Estados Partes. Dessa forma, o trabalho torna-se importante à medida que se compreende que o fortalecimento da integração regional não se sustenta tão-somente nas transações econômicas entre Estados. Muito além disso, a partir da permeabilidade fronteiriça criada com o Mercosul, a integração amplia seu alcance com a movimentação humana e as conseqüências produzidas por ela. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho pretendeu investigar se os recentes Acordos sobre Residência para Nacionais dos Estados Partes do Mercosul disciplinam o direito humano ao trabalho dos imigrantes mercosulinos. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento abordou-se a necessidade da interação entre integração social e econômica, a partir da proteção dos direitos humanos dos trabalhadores imigrantes mercosulinos. Em seguida, foi analisada a eficácia dos Acordos sobre Residência e as repercussões para a integração social, tanto em relação às perspectivas de avanço como em relação à estagnação da mesma. E, por derradeiro, fez-se uma investigação acerca das jurisdições trabalhistas do Mercosul anteriores aos Acordos em questão, no que concerne às forças jurídicas vinculantes bem como aos impactos sobre os trabalhadores imigrantes mercosulinos. Destarte, a partir das análises suscitadas, sugere-se maior empenho dos Estados Partes para com as normas sociais trabalhistas subscritas que, teoricamente, mostram-se satisfatórias, mas que falecem de real eficácia na esfera Mercosul.

The hotel industry employees have been one of the most affected people in the industry by the Covid-19 pandemic. Immigrant workers and women are not an exception. Considering the literature gap on investigating immigrants in hospitality in Sweden, this thesis aims to understand the immigrant housekeeper worklife post Covid-19. Using a qualitative approach, this study participants were interviewed to share and voice their concerns. Findings indicated that room attendants have faced poor job conditions, additional issues on seeking a job as immigrants, and Covid-19 only hardened existing working conditions.

Les études qui portent sur l’intégration professionnelle des travailleurs immigrants s’intéressent majoritairement aux résultats des acteurs sur le marché du travail ou à leur parcours d’intégration en mettant l’accent sur les barrières à l’intégration, plus rarement sur les stratégies des acteurs. Peu d’études s’intéressent aux trajectoires des travailleurs qualifiés qui ont réussi leur intégration socioprofessionnelle depuis une perspective centrée sur leur expérience subjective. Notre étude se situe résolument dans une approche micro-individuelle, donc, centrée sur les acteurs, ici, de nouveaux immigrants, travailleurs qualifiés, en processus d’intégration. Elle porte sur le déroulement de leur processus d’intégration, depuis leur décision d’immigrer jusqu’à la situation actuelle, après 5 à 10 ans passés au Québec. Notre perspective, axée sur l’expérience individuelle de l’immigrant, visait en même temps à relier les facteurs micro, macro et meso sociaux interagissant continuellement pour produire des trajectoires d’intégration uniques. Cette recherche qualitative, inspirée par le courant de la sociologie clinique, analyse les trajectoires socioprofessionnelles de sujets qui occupaient au moment de l’entrevue des emplois qualifiés, situés minimalement au niveau de leur diplôme. Elle portait sur la situation pré-migratoire : les motifs de départ, le choix de la destination; puis le parcours d’intégration socioprofessionnelle au Québec et finalement la situation actuelle du point de vue des objectifs et de la satisfaction personnelle des sujets. Il nous importait de mettre en lumière l’expérience personnelle d’intégration vue depuis la perspective subjective des acteurs. Ce faisant, nous avons étudié l’agentivité des travailleurs qualifiés qui se sont posés en tant qu’acteurs actifs et réflexifs face aux déterminant sociaux et limitations qui pesaient sur eux. Une deuxième question de recherche reliée à celle des trajectoires portait sur le regard subjectif des sujets sur l’intégration. Nous avons voulu savoir ce que c’est pour chacun que l’« intégration réussie » (au Québec) et l’intégration professionnelle « réussie ». De cette façon, il devient possible de révéler la diversité des positions et des perceptions individuelles des sujets quant à la question de l’intégration sans présumer du ou des résultats possibles de leur cheminement. Nos résultats révèlent la diversité des attentes individuelles face à l’immigration et à l’intégration dans le pays de destination et donc, ils nous invitent à tenir compte de la particularité de chaque sujet. L’immigration et l’intégration s’inscrivent pour les sujets dans une démarche individuelle plus large, celle de la réalisation de leurs projets de vie. Ces projets se situent à plusieurs niveaux et leur réalisation agit comme un guide des démarches individuelles qui visent à atteindre une vie qui s’avère satisfaisante, réussie, pleine ou complète, selon les acteurs. Il nous a été possible de rendre visibles les efforts que les acteurs ont déployés et déploient pour accomplir leurs projets et poursuivre leur chemin vers la réalisation de soi. Notre recherche a démontré qu’il est nécessaire de tenir compte tant de la subjectivité et des différences entre les acteurs au moment d’analyser leurs parcours que des résultats de leur intégration afin de concevoir des programmes qui intègrent davantage la complexité des processus en marche. Au final, il s’agit de contribuer plus efficacement à ce que les diverses expériences d’immigration et d’intégration soient « réussies ». / A large number of studies that examine the professional integration of immigrants have based their findings on immigrants’ participation in the labour market and their processes of integration. These studies often underscore the barriers that immigrants face. Few studies have focused on the strategies that immigrants exercise. Fewer studies, still, have focused on immigrants who have experienced, what we call, “successful integration”, especially from the view point of subjectivity. This thesis is situated in a micro-individual perspective. Its focus is on the actors themselves, that is, qualified new immigrant workers who are engaged in a process of integration in Québec. This study aims to more fully understand the trajectories of recent immigrants from the time they decided to immigrate until five to ten years after their arrival in Québec. In this light, I show how connections are forged between macro, meso, and micro determinants, which constantly interact to produce individual trajectories. This qualitative research is based on a clinical sociological approach, and it first analyses the trajectories of immigrants who are working in jobs that represent a minimal equivalence to their diplomas. The analysis is divided in three stages: immigrants’ lives before migration, their experiences of integration in Québec, and their current situation. In employing this approach, I chart connections between the individuals’ motives of immigration, their goals at the outset of their arrival, the strategies they engaged in and the level of satisfaction they experienced as a result. By endeavouring to gain a fuller understanding of these actors’ personal experiences, I distinguish their agency amid social determinants. The second research question explores the integration of actors in relation to their trajectories, as viewed by the actors’ themselves. Here, I examine the meanings of «successful integration» and «successful professional integration» as they are interpreted by the actors. In doing so, I observe the diversity of perspectives voiced by the immigrants without assuming beforehand expected results of their process of integration. The results show a myriad of expectations towards immigration and integration in a destination country like Canada, and particularly, the province of Québec. They invite us to consider the specificity of each actor. Processes of immigration and integration are embedded in larger personal undertakings, including the achievement of life goals. These goals can be situated on many levels and the process of their realisation serves as a guide for helping to achieve life goals that will be satisfactory, complete, and successful, according to the individual’s needs. This thesis illustrates the complex efforts that individuals engaged in order to achieve their projects and continue to pursue their self realisation. My research demonstrates the importance of making the subjectivity of actors centre-stage in an analysis of trajectories and integration. It will be especially useful in the conception of social programs, and contribute to better integrating the complexity of these processes. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to the «success» of individual experiences of immigration and integration.

Le sujet des migrations internationales a récemment fait l’objet d’une attention sans précédent dans l’opinion publique comme dans les médias. Or, si le débat sur les effets des migrations internationales semble plus que jamais d’actualité, celui-ci attire l’attention des économistes depuis plusieurs décennies déjà. La présente thèse s’insère ainsi dans la littérature économique sur les effets des migrations internationales en proposant trois essais empiriques sur les implications de la mobilité humaine, à la fois pour les migrants, les natifs dans leur pays d’accueil et leurs proches restés dans leur pays d’origine. Le Chapitre 2 revisite de manière empirique l’impact du multiculturalisme (mesuré par un indice de diversité à l’intérieur du groupe des migrants et par des effets de contamination) sur les performances macro-économiques des États Américains sur la période 1960-2010. Nous distinguons les effets du multiculturalisme par niveaux d’éducation, en contrôlant pour les variables standards de la littérature sur la croissance ainsi que pour l’hétérogénéité inobservée et en prenant en compte le statut légal des migrants ainsi que leur âge d’entrée aux États-Unis. Dans le but d’identifier un effet causal, nous comparons plusieurs stratégies d’identification différentes de la littérature existante. Nos résultats convergent vers un effet robuste positif et significatif de la diversité des diplômés du tertiaire sur le PIB par tête. Aucun effet de la diversité pour les niveaux d’éducation inférieurs, ou d’effets de contamination ne sont mis en évidence. Le Chapitre 3 s’insère dans la littérature sur les déterminants de la performance des migrants sur le marché du travail dans leur pays d’accueil. Nous regardons si l’attitude des natifs affecte ou non les durées de chômage des migrants en Allemagne. En utilisant des données de panel (GSOEP) au niveau individuel sur la période 1984-2012 et un modèle de durée, nous trouvons que des niveaux de confiance plus faibles des natifs envers les résidents d’un pays donné (mesurés à l’aide des enquêtes Eurobarometers) sont associés à des durées de chômage plus longues pour les immigrés originaires de ce pays. Nos résultats soulignent le fait que, différents groupes d’immigrés font face à des obstacles différents en fonction de leur origine, pour s’insérer sur le marché du travail.
Le Chapitre 4 cherche quant à lui à comprendre si les migrants au niveau international contribuent ou non au progrès technologique dans les pays en développement en induisant un transfert de connaissances productives de leur pays d’accueil vers leur pays d’origine. En utilisant un indicateur pour le niveau de connaissances productives de chaque pays (ECI) et les stocks bilatéraux de migrants vers 20 pays de l’OCDE, nous montrons que la migration internationale est un canal de transmission important de la technologie. / International migration recently attracted unprecedented public attention and media coverage. However, while the debate on the effects on international migration on the economy seems now more relevant than ever, it already attracts the attention of economic researchers for decades. The present thesis provides three empirical studies that investigate the implications of international migration both for migrants themselves, natives in their host countries and those left behind. Chapter 2 empirically revisits the impact of multiculturalism on the macroeconomic performance of US states over the 1960-2010 period. We test for skill-specific effects of multiculturalism, controlling for standard growth regressors and a variety of fixed effects, and accounting for the age of entry and legal status of immigrants. To identify causation, we compare various instrumentation strategies used in the existing literature. We provide converging and robust evidence of a positive and significant effect of diversity among college-educated immigrants on GDP per capita. Conversly, we find no impact of low-skilled diversity or contamination effects. Chapter 3 fits within the literature looking at the determinants of the performance of immigrants in the destination country labor markets. We investigate how natives’ attitudes affect immigrants’ unemployment duration in Germany. Using individual level panel data from the German Socio Economic Panel from 1984 to 2012, we use survival analysis methods to model immigrants’ unemployment durations. We find that lower trust levels of natives towards the citizens of a given country, measured using Eurobarometer surveys, positively influence the unemployment duration of immigrants originating from this country. Our results highlight the fact that immigrants face different obstacles depending on their origin when it comes to integrating destination country labor markets. Chapter 4 analyses whether international migrants contribute to increasing technological advances in developing countries by inducing a transfer of productive knowledge from developed countries back to migrants’ home countries. Using the Economic Complexity Index as a proxy for the amount of productive knowledge embedded in each countries and bilateral migrant stocks of 20 OECD destination countries, we show that international migration is a strong channel of technological transmission.

Australia is home for immigrants from more than a hundred countries and in total almost a quarter of all Australians are overseas-born. A high proportion of immigrants in a society raises question about socioeconomic equality. The purpose of the thesis is to study the differences in socioeconomic attainments between immigrants and native-born workers. Using data collected from the Issues in Multicultural Australia Survey, conducted in 1988, and the ABS Census of Population and Housing, 1986 and 1991, the study finds that human capital variables such as education, language proficiency and experience largely explain the socioeconomic attainments of Australian-born workers. Among immigrant workers, however, these human capital variables have little or no effect on status attainments. The data also show that the lower socioeconomic status of immigrants may not be due only to the lower investment in human capital. Even second generation NESB immigrants are unable to obtain comparable rewards compared to longer established Australians with similar education and skills. The study indicates that there may be barriers in the Australian labour market operating against NESB immigrants. The study concludes that there are birthplace variations in workers??? socioeconomic attainments. When employers can hire Australian-born workers from a large pool of unemployed workers, immigrant workers will be excluded from employment. Immigrant workers will only be hired if the rewards for these workers are lower compared to Australian-born workers. In situations of high unemployment, especially, immigrant workers will find it difficult to be treated equally in the labour market.

Les études qui portent sur l’intégration professionnelle des travailleurs immigrants s’intéressent majoritairement aux résultats des acteurs sur le marché du travail ou à leur parcours d’intégration en mettant l’accent sur les barrières à l’intégration, plus rarement sur les stratégies des acteurs. Peu d’études s’intéressent aux trajectoires des travailleurs qualifiés qui ont réussi leur intégration socioprofessionnelle depuis une perspective centrée sur leur expérience subjective. Notre étude se situe résolument dans une approche micro-individuelle, donc, centrée sur les acteurs, ici, de nouveaux immigrants, travailleurs qualifiés, en processus d’intégration. Elle porte sur le déroulement de leur processus d’intégration, depuis leur décision d’immigrer jusqu’à la situation actuelle, après 5 à 10 ans passés au Québec. Notre perspective, axée sur l’expérience individuelle de l’immigrant, visait en même temps à relier les facteurs micro, macro et meso sociaux interagissant continuellement pour produire des trajectoires d’intégration uniques. Cette recherche qualitative, inspirée par le courant de la sociologie clinique, analyse les trajectoires socioprofessionnelles de sujets qui occupaient au moment de l’entrevue des emplois qualifiés, situés minimalement au niveau de leur diplôme. Elle portait sur la situation pré-migratoire : les motifs de départ, le choix de la destination; puis le parcours d’intégration socioprofessionnelle au Québec et finalement la situation actuelle du point de vue des objectifs et de la satisfaction personnelle des sujets. Il nous importait de mettre en lumière l’expérience personnelle d’intégration vue depuis la perspective subjective des acteurs. Ce faisant, nous avons étudié l’agentivité des travailleurs qualifiés qui se sont posés en tant qu’acteurs actifs et réflexifs face aux déterminant sociaux et limitations qui pesaient sur eux. Une deuxième question de recherche reliée à celle des trajectoires portait sur le regard subjectif des sujets sur l’intégration. Nous avons voulu savoir ce que c’est pour chacun que l’« intégration réussie » (au Québec) et l’intégration professionnelle « réussie ». De cette façon, il devient possible de révéler la diversité des positions et des perceptions individuelles des sujets quant à la question de l’intégration sans présumer du ou des résultats possibles de leur cheminement. Nos résultats révèlent la diversité des attentes individuelles face à l’immigration et à l’intégration dans le pays de destination et donc, ils nous invitent à tenir compte de la particularité de chaque sujet. L’immigration et l’intégration s’inscrivent pour les sujets dans une démarche individuelle plus large, celle de la réalisation de leurs projets de vie. Ces projets se situent à plusieurs niveaux et leur réalisation agit comme un guide des démarches individuelles qui visent à atteindre une vie qui s’avère satisfaisante, réussie, pleine ou complète, selon les acteurs. Il nous a été possible de rendre visibles les efforts que les acteurs ont déployés et déploient pour accomplir leurs projets et poursuivre leur chemin vers la réalisation de soi. Notre recherche a démontré qu’il est nécessaire de tenir compte tant de la subjectivité et des différences entre les acteurs au moment d’analyser leurs parcours que des résultats de leur intégration afin de concevoir des programmes qui intègrent davantage la complexité des processus en marche. Au final, il s’agit de contribuer plus efficacement à ce que les diverses expériences d’immigration et d’intégration soient « réussies ». / A large number of studies that examine the professional integration of immigrants have based their findings on immigrants’ participation in the labour market and their processes of integration. These studies often underscore the barriers that immigrants face. Few studies have focused on the strategies that immigrants exercise. Fewer studies, still, have focused on immigrants who have experienced, what we call, “successful integration”, especially from the view point of subjectivity. This thesis is situated in a micro-individual perspective. Its focus is on the actors themselves, that is, qualified new immigrant workers who are engaged in a process of integration in Québec. This study aims to more fully understand the trajectories of recent immigrants from the time they decided to immigrate until five to ten years after their arrival in Québec. In this light, I show how connections are forged between macro, meso, and micro determinants, which constantly interact to produce individual trajectories. This qualitative research is based on a clinical sociological approach, and it first analyses the trajectories of immigrants who are working in jobs that represent a minimal equivalence to their diplomas. The analysis is divided in three stages: immigrants’ lives before migration, their experiences of integration in Québec, and their current situation. In employing this approach, I chart connections between the individuals’ motives of immigration, their goals at the outset of their arrival, the strategies they engaged in and the level of satisfaction they experienced as a result. By endeavouring to gain a fuller understanding of these actors’ personal experiences, I distinguish their agency amid social determinants. The second research question explores the integration of actors in relation to their trajectories, as viewed by the actors’ themselves. Here, I examine the meanings of «successful integration» and «successful professional integration» as they are interpreted by the actors. In doing so, I observe the diversity of perspectives voiced by the immigrants without assuming beforehand expected results of their process of integration. The results show a myriad of expectations towards immigration and integration in a destination country like Canada, and particularly, the province of Québec. They invite us to consider the specificity of each actor. Processes of immigration and integration are embedded in larger personal undertakings, including the achievement of life goals. These goals can be situated on many levels and the process of their realisation serves as a guide for helping to achieve life goals that will be satisfactory, complete, and successful, according to the individual’s needs. This thesis illustrates the complex efforts that individuals engaged in order to achieve their projects and continue to pursue their self realisation. My research demonstrates the importance of making the subjectivity of actors centre-stage in an analysis of trajectories and integration. It will be especially useful in the conception of social programs, and contribute to better integrating the complexity of these processes. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to the «success» of individual experiences of immigration and integration.