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Framing The Invisible:section As A Spatial Frame For A Reconsideration Of Architectural RepresentationAlkan, Alper Semih 01 June 2004 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis is a critical reconsideration of the relationship of architectural production with its modes of representation. Historically, the representation of architecture has been signifying an interval where the displacement between the mental conception and its material expression has taken place. The group composed of plan, section and elevation is called orthographic set, which has been accepted as a universal code in architecture since it is attributed with the basic premise of its being objective and international. It is this attributed character of the drawings, which will be investigated in respect to the act of sectioning. Section displays an ambiguous character that it is the picture plane and the act of cutting at once. This study is a critical redefinition of section as a spatial act of framing. The construction of picture plane is discussed as a specific condition of framing, thus of sectioning.
Like the specificity of the perspectival representation, the section constructs its own frame, in which the physical cut into the body of architectural object and its flattened spatial depth overlap. Therefore, section is redefined as the operation of a spatial framing, which rather hides than displays. It is in this hidden dimension that the epistemological value in architectural representation lies.
The significance of the picture plane, that is the incision plane, is revealed by its relation to the constitution of perspective and projective drawings. The related concept of projection, whose mode strictly corresponds to the distance stimulated by the mode of projection, provides not only a critical distance but also brings about the operations to overcome that distance. In this respect, acknowledging section in architectural representation as a conceptual spatial frame, the study tries to reveal the inherent depth of the medium of representation, which is sometimes more promising than what is displayed in.
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Geological structural control on landslide and gravitational slope deformation in response to fluvial incision along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China / 河川侵食によって生じる地すべりと重力斜面変形:中国チベット高原東縁部における地質構造規制Zhao, Siyuan 25 March 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21577号 / 理博第4484号 / 新制||理||1644(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 千木良 雅弘, 教授 釜井 俊孝, 准教授 松四 雄騎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
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Elevation, Longitudinal Profile, And Schmidt Hammer Analysis Of Strath Terraces Through Capitol Reef National Park, Utah: Bedrock Channel Response To Climate Forcing?Eddleman, James L. 13 July 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Elevation, longitudinal profile, and Schmidt hammer data indicate that strath terraces (specifically the lower elevation terraces) mapped in the Fremont River drainage of Capitol Reef National Park are correlative to the terraces of the smaller Pleasant Creek drainage located approximately ten miles to the south. This correlation suggests that drainage development in this area of the Colorado Plateau was strongly dependent upon a regional-scale forcing mechanism (e.g. climate) rather than strictly independent basin-scale processes. Elevations of mapped strath terraces and their associated black volcanic boulder deposits were calculated from geologic maps, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles of the Fruita and Golden Throne Quadrangles, Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah. Terraces in both drainages were placed into twenty foot elevation bins and then gathered into larger terrace levels based upon population breaks and the degree of weathering as seen from Schmidt hammer hardness data. Comparison of the two datasets indicate that the two lowest terrace levels of the Fremont River compare well with the two terrace levels of Pleasant Creek both in elevation above the present stream bed and in Schmidt hammer hardness measurements. Our data demonstrate that the Fremont River drainage is likely much older than the smaller Pleasant Creek drainage. Further, correlative terrace data strongly suggests that glacial-interglacial climate forcing played a dominant role in the landscape evolution of both drainages and by inference, the broader Colorado Plateau. Terrace elevation data were compared with recently published cosmogenic ages for several terrace deposits located within the Fremont River drainage. This comparison provides compelling evidence that highest concentrations of preserved terraces may be time correlative with discrete isotopic stages associated with glacial maximum and/or deglacial conditions. Finally, our data also demonstrate that in this area of the Colorado Plateau incision rates are on the order of ~60 to 85 cm/ka, which is on the high end of reported rates from other researchers.
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Processo reparacional em tecido cutâneo e oral de ratos submetidos à incisão cirúrgica com lasers de CO2 e diodo, e com bisturi elétrico e convencional. Uma análise morfométrica / Healing process on rat skin and toungue submitted to CO2 and diode lasers, eletrosurgery and scalpel incisions. A morphometric analysisAzevedo, Luciane Hiramatsu 07 October 2005 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a reparação tecidual após incisões com os lasers de CO2 e de diodo, bisturi elétrico e convencional em língua e pele de 30 ratos Wistar. Incisões de 5 mm de comprimento por 2 mm de profundidade na pele, e de 2,5 mm de comprimento por 1 mm de profundidade na língua, foram feitas nestes tecidos, e os animais sacrificados nos intervalos de zero, 24, 48, 72 horas, 7 e 14 dias após as intervenções. Cortes histológicos foram obtidos das incisões e submetidos a 3 tipos de análises: quantificação do dano tecidual, de mastócitos e da densidade de colágeno tipo I. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis e pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Turkey-Kramer, com nível de significância estabelecida para P < 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que o dano tecidual na pele das incisões realizadas com lasers e bisturi elétrico foi significativamente maior do que o do bisturi convencional (P < 0,05). Quanto às incisões na língua, houve diferença significante de menor dano tecidual resultante da incisão do bisturi convencional comparado com o das incisões realizadas com laser de CO2 2 W, laser de diodo 4 W e bisturi elétrico (P < 0,05). A quantificação de mastócitos mostrou diferenças estatísticas entre as incisões realizadas com bisturi convencional em relação às outras incisões (lasers e bisturi elétrico), principalmente nas 48 e 72h, tanto na pele quanto na língua. Quanto à quantificação de colágeno, apenas no 7º dia houve diferença estatisticamente significante, ocorrendo maior quantidade de colágeno tipo I somente na incisão com bisturi convencional comparada com a do bisturi elétrico (P < 0.05). No 14º dia, os dados morfométricos de colágeno foram semelhantes em todas as técnicas utilizadas. Concluímos que no período final analisado do processo reparacional, os dados morfométricos foram semelhantes em todas as técnicas utilizadas, apesar das diferenças ocorridas quanto ao dano tecidual, quantificação de mastócitos e colágeno tipo I no início do processo. Em princípio, dentro de um mesmo padrão de incisão, todos os instrumentos cirúrgicos geraram um processo reparacional semelhante, variações entre eles podem estar associadas às características do tecido, como foi observado entre a pele e mucosa. / The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the healing process after incision with CO2 (2 W e 4 W) and diode lasers (2 W and 4 W), electrosurgery (2 W) and scalpel in the skin and tongue of Wistar rats (30 animals were used). One incision of each technique (6 in total) of 5 mm long and 2 mm deep was made in the dorsal skin and dorsal tongue. The animals were sacrificed at zero, 24, 48, 72 hours, 7 and 14 days after incisions. Histological sections were made from the wound areas and subjected to analyses of area of tissue damage, quantification of mast cells and density of collagen type I. The data were submitted to the ANOVA of Kruskal-Wallis and compared by Turkey-Kramer. The level of significance was set at 5% (P < 0.05). The results showed difference concerning area of tissue damage, occurring significant statistically difference between the incisions with scalpel compared with those of other techniques (lasers and electrosurgery) in skin (P < 0.05). On the tongue, there was statistical difference, with less tissue damage on scalpel incision compared with that of CO2 (2 W) and diode lasers (4 W) and electrosurgery incisions (P < 0.05). The quantification of mast in the incisions showed statistical differences between the incisions, especially in 48 and 72h, both on the skin and tongue. Concerning the collagen quantification, statistical difference was found only in 7 th day, the collagen types I was only more evident on scalpel incision than with the electrosurgery (P < 0.05). In 14 th day, the morphometric data were similar in all types of incisions. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that at the end of the analyzed period, the morphometric data were similar in all techniques, even though there were differences concerning tissue damage, quantification of masts cell and collagen type I at the beginning of the process. Additionally, the healing process proceeds similarly in all this technique as long as the incisions are made in a similar pattern; variations may occur depending on the type of the tissue, as was shown here between the skin and tongue.
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Técnica simplificada de colecistectomia laparoscópica com duas incisões / Simplified laparoscopic cholecystectomy with two incisionsAbaid, Rafael Antoniazzi 11 January 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Cerca de 20% da população é portadora de colelitíase, sendo esta afecção a principal causa abdominal de internação hospitalar em países desenvolvidos. Considerando-se que somente nos Estados Unidos são realizadas cerca 700.000 colecistectomias a cada ano, pode-se estimar a importância do problema para a saúde pública. A diminuição do número de incisões tem o potencial de reduzir o trauma cirúrgico e oferecer melhor resultado estético. OBJETIVOS: Descrever técnica de colecistectomia laparoscópica com duas incisões (CL2i) utilizando apenas material convencional, sem aumentar complicações, nem tempo operatório, oferecendo a mesma segurança da colecistectomia videolaparoscópica convencional. MÉTODO: Série prospectiva de casos consecutivos, comparada a outra série histórica de casos operados pela técnica laparoscópica convencional (CLC). A CL2i foi realizada com 3 portais em 2 incisões, sendo dois na incisão umbilical e outro no epigástrio. Foram operados 72 pacientes (36 em cada grupo) pelo mesmo cirurgião. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto sexo, média de idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e tempo de internação. Os procedimentos foram classificados pelo cirurgião de acordo com o grau de dificuldade e não houve diferença entre as séries (p < 0,05). Ocorreram complicações menores em 5,6% (n = 2) procedimentos em cada grupo. Não houve diferença entre as médias de tempo operatório (p= 0,989), que foram de 49 (IC95% 42 a 56) min na CLC e 40 (IC95% 35 a 44) min na CL2i. Não houve necessidade de portais adicionais em nenhum caso, nem de conversão para cirurgia aberta. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de colecistectomia laparoscópica com duas incisões (CL2i) é factível, segura e com bom resultado estético, permitindo operar utilizando apenas instrumental laparoscópico convencional, sem aumentar tempo operatório ou risco de complicações / INTRODUCTION: About 20% of the population has cholelithiasis and this is the main abdominal cause of hospitalization in developed countries. Considering that only in the United States about 700,000 cholecystectomies are done each year, it is possible to estimate the importance of the problem for public health. Decreasing the number of incisions can reduce surgical trauma and offer better aesthetic results. OBJECTIVE: To describe a two-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique (TILC) using only conventional material, without increasing complications, nor operative time, offering the same safety as conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHOD: A consecutive and prospective case series, compared to another historical series operated by conventional laparoscopy cholecystectomy (LC). The TILC was performed with 3 trocars in 2 incisions, two trocars in umbilical incision and one in epigastrium. A total of 72 patients were operated on by the same surgeon (36 in each group). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups for gender, mean age, body mass index (BMI) or length of hospital stay. The procedures were classified by the surgeon according to surgical difficulty and there was no difference between the series (p < 0.05). There were minor complications in 5.6% (n = 2) procedures in each group. There were no differences between means of operative time (p = 0.989), which were 49 (95% CI 42 to 56) min in LC and 40 (CI 95% 35 to 44) min in TILC. There was no need for additional portals in any case, nor for conversion to open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Two-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TILC) is feasible, safe and with good aesthetic result, using the same instruments of LC, without increasing operative time or complications
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Prevalence, severity, and treatment of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections in 10 outpatient clinics in TexasForcade, Nicolas Adrian 12 July 2011 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis was to quantify the prevalence, measure the severity, and describe treatment patterns in patients who present to medical clinics in Texas with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI). Ten clinics participated in this prospective, community-based study. Clinicians consented patients and collected clinical information, pictures, and wound swabs; data were processed centrally. MRSASelect[trademark] was used for identification. Susceptibilities were determined via Etest[registered sign]. The results are as follows. Overall, 73/119 (61%) patients had CA-MRSA. Among these, 49% were male, 79% were Hispanic, and 30% had diabetes. Half (56%) of the lesions were [greater than or equal to] 5 cm in diameter. Most patients had abscesses (82%) and many reported pain scores of [greater than or equal to] 7/10 (67%). Many presented with erythema (85%) or drainage (56%). Most received incision and drainage (I&D) plus an antibiotic (64%). Antibiotic monotherapy was frequently prescribed: sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) (78%), clindamycin (4%), doxycycline (2%), and mupirocin (2%). The rest frequently received SMX/TMP in combination with other antibiotics. SMX/TMP was commonly administered as one double-strength tablet twice daily. Isolates were 93% susceptible to clindamycin and 100% susceptible to vancomycin, doxycycline, SMX/TMP, and linezolid. We report a predominance of CA-MRSA SSTIs, favorable susceptibilites, and frequent prescribing of SMX/TMP in primary care clinics located in South Texas. / text
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Avaliação clínica e pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura do adesivo de fibrina, comparativamente ao fio de sutura na oclusão da incisão de córnea: estudo experimental em coelhosAlmeida, Ana Carolina da Veiga Rodarte de January 2009 (has links)
As técnicas de remoção de catarata evoluíram nas últimas décadas. Na tentativa de oclusão da córnea após incisão para remoção da catarata, diversas técnicas têm sido propostas. Objetivou-se avaliar experimentalmente a viabilidade do emprego do adesivo de fibrina na oclusão da incisão de córnea em coelhos. Além disso, comparar os efeitos do adesivo de fibrina e do fio de sutura na oclusão da incisão de córnea em coelhos, utilizando-se os aspectos clínicos, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a morfometria. Dezesseis coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à incisão de córnea bilateral. Para a oclusão da incisão utilizou-se aleatoriamente em um bulbo do olho, adesivo de fibrina e no seu contralateral, fio de sutura. Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7 e 15 dias. As repercussões dos procedimentos foram avaliadas utilizando-se exame oftálmico. Ao final dos períodos determinados, procedeu-se à avaliação da área perincisional desprovida de células endoteliais por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura da morfometria e a análise estatística inferencial foi obtida pelo teste t de Student para amostrar pareadas. Clinicamente, observaram-se melhores resultados nas amostras ocluídas com fio de sutura. No que se refere à área perincisional desprovida de células endoteliais, comparando-se os dois tipos de oclusão, a área das amostras seladas com fibrina apresentou-se maior que a área ocluída com fio de sutura. Neste estudo, ambas as técnicas foram eficazes na oclusão da córnea de coelhos. Porém, a avaliação valendo-se da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e da morfometria das eletromicrografias das áreas perincisionais do endotélio da córnea desprovidas de células ocluídas com fio de sutura demonstrou maior nível de significância quando comparada ao adesivo de fibrina. / The techniques for cataract removal had developed in the last decades. As an attempt to repair the cornea after incision, different techniques are proposed for corneal sealing. The objective of this study was to evaluate experimentally the viability of the use of fibrin adhesive in occlusion of the incision of the cornea in rabbits. Also compare clinically and by scanning electron microscopy and morphometry the fibrin adhesive and the suture on the sealing the cornea incision in rabbits. In this study, 16 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) New Zealand breed were used. It was performed bilateral corneal incision. In one eye the incision was sealed with suture, in the other eye, with fibrin adhesive randomly. The periods of evaluation varied from 7 to 15 days. The repercussions at the eye were studied using the ophthalmic exam. At the end of the determinate period, it was performed the evaluation of the perincisional area without endothelial cell by means of scanning electron microscopy, morphometry and the inferential statistical analysis was made by Student t test for paired samples. Comparing the two types of sealing, the perincisional average area without endothelial cells was higher in the fibrin tissue than wired in both groups. In this study, both techniques had corneal sealing, however, the evaluation by scanning electron microscopy,and electromicrographs morphometry of the perinsional areas of the corneal endothelium without devoid cells occluded with suture wire has higher level significance when compared with fibrin adhesive.
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Avaliação clínica e pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura do adesivo de fibrina, comparativamente ao fio de sutura na oclusão da incisão de córnea: estudo experimental em coelhosAlmeida, Ana Carolina da Veiga Rodarte de January 2009 (has links)
As técnicas de remoção de catarata evoluíram nas últimas décadas. Na tentativa de oclusão da córnea após incisão para remoção da catarata, diversas técnicas têm sido propostas. Objetivou-se avaliar experimentalmente a viabilidade do emprego do adesivo de fibrina na oclusão da incisão de córnea em coelhos. Além disso, comparar os efeitos do adesivo de fibrina e do fio de sutura na oclusão da incisão de córnea em coelhos, utilizando-se os aspectos clínicos, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a morfometria. Dezesseis coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à incisão de córnea bilateral. Para a oclusão da incisão utilizou-se aleatoriamente em um bulbo do olho, adesivo de fibrina e no seu contralateral, fio de sutura. Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7 e 15 dias. As repercussões dos procedimentos foram avaliadas utilizando-se exame oftálmico. Ao final dos períodos determinados, procedeu-se à avaliação da área perincisional desprovida de células endoteliais por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura da morfometria e a análise estatística inferencial foi obtida pelo teste t de Student para amostrar pareadas. Clinicamente, observaram-se melhores resultados nas amostras ocluídas com fio de sutura. No que se refere à área perincisional desprovida de células endoteliais, comparando-se os dois tipos de oclusão, a área das amostras seladas com fibrina apresentou-se maior que a área ocluída com fio de sutura. Neste estudo, ambas as técnicas foram eficazes na oclusão da córnea de coelhos. Porém, a avaliação valendo-se da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e da morfometria das eletromicrografias das áreas perincisionais do endotélio da córnea desprovidas de células ocluídas com fio de sutura demonstrou maior nível de significância quando comparada ao adesivo de fibrina. / The techniques for cataract removal had developed in the last decades. As an attempt to repair the cornea after incision, different techniques are proposed for corneal sealing. The objective of this study was to evaluate experimentally the viability of the use of fibrin adhesive in occlusion of the incision of the cornea in rabbits. Also compare clinically and by scanning electron microscopy and morphometry the fibrin adhesive and the suture on the sealing the cornea incision in rabbits. In this study, 16 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) New Zealand breed were used. It was performed bilateral corneal incision. In one eye the incision was sealed with suture, in the other eye, with fibrin adhesive randomly. The periods of evaluation varied from 7 to 15 days. The repercussions at the eye were studied using the ophthalmic exam. At the end of the determinate period, it was performed the evaluation of the perincisional area without endothelial cell by means of scanning electron microscopy, morphometry and the inferential statistical analysis was made by Student t test for paired samples. Comparing the two types of sealing, the perincisional average area without endothelial cells was higher in the fibrin tissue than wired in both groups. In this study, both techniques had corneal sealing, however, the evaluation by scanning electron microscopy,and electromicrographs morphometry of the perinsional areas of the corneal endothelium without devoid cells occluded with suture wire has higher level significance when compared with fibrin adhesive.
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Chronologie et dynamique de la formation des terrasses fluviales dans des chaînes des montagnes avec une surrection modéré : l'exemple du Vénézuéla et de l'Albanie / Timing and dynamics of river terraces formation in moderate uplifted ranges : the example of Venezuela and AlbaniaGuzman Gutierrez, Oswaldo 30 October 2013 (has links)
Cette recherche porte sur les interactions entre la tectonique, le climat et les processus géomorphologiques de la surface de la Terre à travers l'étude des terrasses fluviales au Venezuela et l’Albanie. Ces deux domaines ont été soumis à une surrection modérée, aux variations climatiques du Quaternaire et fournissent un large registre de terrasses fluviales. Ces contextes donnent l’opportunité d’étudier la dynamique de la formation des terrasses fluviales à l'échelle de temps 102-105 ans. Ainsi, une approche morpho-chronologique a été appliquée afin de parvenir à une meilleure compréhension de cette dynamique dans les rivières du Venezuela et de l’Albanie.Dans le système des rivières Pueblo Llano et Santo Domingo situé sur le flanc sud-est des Andes de Mérida au Venezuela, douze terrasses fluviales ont été identifiées pour les derniers 200 ka. Les mesures des concentrations du 10Be réalisées sur les dépôts fluviatiles et glaciaires ont permis d'estimer l'âge d’exposition de sept terrasses et d’un complexe de moraines frontales. Un modèle dynamique de terrasses soutenues par ces datations et des données géomorphologiques, stratigraphiques et sédimentologiques, indique que la formation de terrasses est principalement contrôlée par des variations climatiques de haute fréquence (103 à 104 ans) qui induisent un déséquilibre entre capacité de transport de l'eau et apport des sédiments. Néanmoins, le type de réponse a été très lié à l'altitude du site et l'influence des glaciers en amont. En effet, dans la partie supérieure du système, la succession des phases d'aggradation et d’incision a été synchronisée avec la succession des périodes froides-sèches et chaudes-humides, tandis que la partie inférieure du système montre une tendance opposée. Basé sur la restauration temporelle du taux d'incision de la partie inférieure du système, un taux de surrection de 1.1 mm/an au cours des dernières 70 ka a été estimé pour le flanc sud-est des Andes de Mérida. En outre, l'identification et la datation d'un complexe de moraines frontales situé à l'altitude de 2300 m au dessus du niveau de la mer met en évidence le fait que l'avancée glaciaire au cours du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire, dans d'autres domaines des Andes de Mérida, pourrait également avoir atteint des élévations inférieures à celles déjà signalés entre 2900 et 3500 m au dessus du niveau de la mer.En Albanie, les six principales rivières ont été analysées. De nouvelles données géomorphologiques et géochronologiques ont été intégrées aux données publiées afin de proposer un cadre stratigraphique et chronologique homogène à l’échelle régional pour les derniers 200 ka. Sur la base de ce cadre, l’âge de la formation de onze terrasses fluviales régionales a été établi. En Albanie, les processus de formation des terrasses ont également été principalement contrôlés par des variations climatiques de haute fréquence (103 à 104 ans). Néanmoins, les résultats montrent également que la réponse géomorphologique du système fluvial était probablement modulée par la taille des bassins versants et par les variations eustatiques. En effet, pour la période précédant le MIS 2, les terrasses de remplissage et d’abrasion ont été formées respectivement dans les grands et petits bassins versants. Pour la période après le début du MIS 2, une relation complexe entre les variations climatiques et eustatiques a favorisé le développement de terrasses d’abrasion partout en Albanie. Malgré des différences entre les réponses des rivières, la succession de phases d’aggradation ou d'abrasion latérale et de phases d'incision a été synchronisée avec la succession des périodes froides-sèches et chaudes-humides dans toutes les rivières de l'Albanie. / This research addresses interactions between tectonics, climate and geomorphic processes at the surface of the Earth through the study of river terraces in Venezuela and Albania. Both areas have been exposed to moderate uplift, to Quaternary climatic variations and provide a wide record of river terraces. These contexts furnish opportunities to investigate the dynamics of terraces formation at 102-105 year time scale. Thus, a morphochronologic approach was applied in order to achieve greater understanding about this issue for the Venezuelan and Albanian rivers. In the Pueblo Llano and Santo Domingo rivers system located in the Southeastern flank of the Mérida Andes in Venezuela, twelve river terraces were identified for the last 200 ka. Analysis of 10Be concentration provides for the first time exposure ages for seven terraces and for one frontal moraine complex. A terraces model supported by these dating and geomorphologic, stratigraphic and sedimentologic data indicates that the formation of terraces was mainly controlled by high frequency (103-104 years) climatic variations through unsteady discharge of water and sediments. Nevertheless, the type of response was highly related to the altitude of the site and the influence of usptreams glaciers. As a matter of fact, in the upper reaches of the system, the succession of aggradation and incision phases were synchronized with the succession of cold-dry and warm-humid periods, while the lower reaches of the system show the opposite pattern. Based on the temporal restoration of the incision rate of the lower reaches of the system an uplift rate at 1.1 mm/a for the last 70 ka was estimated for the Southeastern flank of the MA. Additionally, the identification and dating of a frontal moraine complex located at elevation of 2300 m a.s.l. in the Pueblo Llano valley highlights the fact that the glacier advance during the Last Glacial Maximum, in other areas of the MA could have also reached lower elevation than those reported between 2900 and 3500 m a.s.l. In the Albania domain, the terrace records of the six main Albanian rivers were analyzed. New geomorphologic and geochronological data were integrated with published data in order to propose a regional homogeneous stratigraphic/chronologic framework for the last 200 ka. Based on this framework the timing of formation of eleven regional river terraces was established. In Albania, the processes of terraces formation were also mainly controlled by high frequency (103-104 years) climatic variations. Nonetheless, the results also show that the geomorphic responses of the fluvial systems were probably modulated by the size of the catchments and by eustatic variations. Indeed, for the pre-Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2) period, fill and strath terraces were formed in the large and small catchments, respectively. After the beginning of the MIS 2, a complex relation between climatic and eustatic variations only favored the development of strath terraces in large and small catchments. Despite of the differences between the rivers responses, the succession of aggradation or lateral erosion and incision phases were synchronized with the succession of cold-dry and warm-humid periods in all the rivers of Albania. Finally, the restoration of spatial and temporal variation of incision rate allowed: 1) identify the spatial variation of the mean long-term incision rate. It varies from less than 0.1 mm/a in Southern Albania to 1 mm/a in Northern Albania; 2) estimate vertical slip rates for eight active faults for the last 19 ka in Southern Albania. These vertical slip rates appear to decrease from ~2 to ~0.1 mm/a from the extensional domain in the Eastern Albania to the compressional domain in Western Albania.
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Avaliação clínica e pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura do adesivo de fibrina, comparativamente ao fio de sutura na oclusão da incisão de córnea: estudo experimental em coelhosAlmeida, Ana Carolina da Veiga Rodarte de January 2009 (has links)
As técnicas de remoção de catarata evoluíram nas últimas décadas. Na tentativa de oclusão da córnea após incisão para remoção da catarata, diversas técnicas têm sido propostas. Objetivou-se avaliar experimentalmente a viabilidade do emprego do adesivo de fibrina na oclusão da incisão de córnea em coelhos. Além disso, comparar os efeitos do adesivo de fibrina e do fio de sutura na oclusão da incisão de córnea em coelhos, utilizando-se os aspectos clínicos, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a morfometria. Dezesseis coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à incisão de córnea bilateral. Para a oclusão da incisão utilizou-se aleatoriamente em um bulbo do olho, adesivo de fibrina e no seu contralateral, fio de sutura. Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7 e 15 dias. As repercussões dos procedimentos foram avaliadas utilizando-se exame oftálmico. Ao final dos períodos determinados, procedeu-se à avaliação da área perincisional desprovida de células endoteliais por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura da morfometria e a análise estatística inferencial foi obtida pelo teste t de Student para amostrar pareadas. Clinicamente, observaram-se melhores resultados nas amostras ocluídas com fio de sutura. No que se refere à área perincisional desprovida de células endoteliais, comparando-se os dois tipos de oclusão, a área das amostras seladas com fibrina apresentou-se maior que a área ocluída com fio de sutura. Neste estudo, ambas as técnicas foram eficazes na oclusão da córnea de coelhos. Porém, a avaliação valendo-se da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e da morfometria das eletromicrografias das áreas perincisionais do endotélio da córnea desprovidas de células ocluídas com fio de sutura demonstrou maior nível de significância quando comparada ao adesivo de fibrina. / The techniques for cataract removal had developed in the last decades. As an attempt to repair the cornea after incision, different techniques are proposed for corneal sealing. The objective of this study was to evaluate experimentally the viability of the use of fibrin adhesive in occlusion of the incision of the cornea in rabbits. Also compare clinically and by scanning electron microscopy and morphometry the fibrin adhesive and the suture on the sealing the cornea incision in rabbits. In this study, 16 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) New Zealand breed were used. It was performed bilateral corneal incision. In one eye the incision was sealed with suture, in the other eye, with fibrin adhesive randomly. The periods of evaluation varied from 7 to 15 days. The repercussions at the eye were studied using the ophthalmic exam. At the end of the determinate period, it was performed the evaluation of the perincisional area without endothelial cell by means of scanning electron microscopy, morphometry and the inferential statistical analysis was made by Student t test for paired samples. Comparing the two types of sealing, the perincisional average area without endothelial cells was higher in the fibrin tissue than wired in both groups. In this study, both techniques had corneal sealing, however, the evaluation by scanning electron microscopy,and electromicrographs morphometry of the perinsional areas of the corneal endothelium without devoid cells occluded with suture wire has higher level significance when compared with fibrin adhesive.
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