El delito de negociación incompatible de acuerdo a sus fines y los bienes jurídicos encargados de proteger, han sufrido una distorsión al momento de ser utilizados, por ello, en la siguiente investigación procuramos dar solución a estos inconvenientes que se han ido suscitando por el erróneo uso del tipo penal. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar cuáles son los efectos jurídicos y prácticos que se han dado por la regulación del tipo en análisis, de ser el caso estos efectos sean negativos, teóricamente buscaremos otorgar solución a ellos.

Until the twentieth century, theories of elastic rods and shells arose from collections of geometric and mechanical assumptions and approximations. These theories often lacked internal consistency and were appropriate for highly proscribed and sometimes unknown geometries and deformation sizes. The pioneering work of Truesdell, Antman, and others converted mechanical intuition into rigorous mathematical statements about the physics and mechanics of rods and shells. The result is the modern, geometrically exact theory of finite deformations of rods and shells.In the latter half of the twentieth century, biomechanics became a major focus of both experimental and theoretical mechanics. The genesis of residual stress by non-elastic growth has significant impact on the shape and mechanical properties of soft tissues. Inspired by the geometry of blood vessels and adopting a formalism found in elasto-plasticity, mechanicians have produced rigorous and applied results on the effect of growth on finite elastic deformations of columns and hollow tubes. Less attention has been paid to shells.A theory of growing elastic plates has been constructed in the context of linear elasticity. It harnessed many results in the theory of Riemann surfaces and has produced solutions that are surprisingly similar to experimental observations. Our intention is to provide a finite-deformation alternative by combining growth with the geometrically exact theory of shells. Such a theory has a clearer and more rigorous foundation, and it is applicable to thicker structures than is the case in the current theory of growing plates.This work presents the basic mathematical tools required to construct this alternative theory of finite elasticity of a shell in the presence of growth. We make clear that classical elasticity can be viewed in terms of three-dimensional Riemannian geometry, and that finite elasticity in the presence of growth must be considered in this way. We present several examples that demonstrate the viability and tractability of this approach.

Depuis sa récente invasion dans les continents européen et américain, la drosophile à aile tachetées, Drosophila suzukii est devenue un ravageur majeur des cultures de fruits rouges. Contrairement aux autres espèces de drosophiles, D. suzukii, est capable de pondre ses œufs dans des fruits sains avant la récolte, à l'aide de son ovipositeur sclérotinisé. Les pertes économiques liées à la présence de D. suzukii s'élèvent annuellement à plusieurs millions de dollars. Le contrôle des populations se fait principalement par l'utilisation de pesticides. Ici, nous avons testé si la bactérie Wolbachia pouvait être efficace pour lutter contre cette espèce. Ce symbiote est présent chez de nombreuses espèces d'insectes et induit souvent de l'incompatibilité cytoplasmique (IC) : les descendants des mâles infectés meurent, exceptés si l'œuf est sauvé par la même infection, héritée de la mère et qui va protéger l'embryon contre cette toxine encore non identifiée. La Technique de l'Insecte Incompatible (TII) repose sur l'utilisation de l'IC pour contrôler les populations d'insecte par des lâchers de mâles infectés. Nous avons montré que D. suzukii est naturellement infecté par une souche de Wolbachia, nommée wSuz, avec des prévalences intermédiaire et qui n'induit pas un taux d'IC élevé. Pour le développement de la TII chez D. suzukii, nous avons réalisé des transferts de souches de Wolbachia entre D. simulans et D. suzukii pour identifier des souches qui peuvent stériliser les femelles D. suzukii, en dépit de la présence de wSuz. Nous avons identifié deux souches de Wolbachia comme candidates pour le développement de la TII. Ces souches induisent des taux d'IC très élevés chez ce ravageur, qui n'est pas atténué par la présence de wSuz chez les femelles. Les mâles stérilisants ont une compétitivité sexuelle similaire comparés à celle des mâles infectés ou non par wSuz, et sont capable d'induire des taux d'IC élevés tout au long de leurs vie. Finalement nous avons montré que, dans de grandes cages à population, la TII pouvait être très efficace pour limiter l'augmentation de la taille des populations de D. suzukii. L'ensemble des résultats confirment que la TII est une approche prometteuse pour contrôler les populations de D. suzukii et mérite de dépasser le stade du laboratoire. Associé à une technique de sexage efficace, la TII peut être un outil puissant, spécifique et respectueux de l'environnement / Since its recent invasion of the European and American continents, the spotted wing Drosophila, D. suzukii has become a major burden of the fruit industry. Armed with a highly sclerotized ovipositor, females can lay eggs in a wide variety of ripening and healthy fruits, in contrast to other Drosophila species. Economic losses due to D. suzukii reach millions of dollars annually and methods to control natural populations in the field mainly rely on the use of chemical pesticides. Here we test if Wolbachia bacteria can represent a potential ally to control this pest species. These symbionts are naturally present in many insects and often induce a form of conditional sterility called Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI): the offspring of infected males die, unless the eggs are rescued by the same infection inherited from the mother which protects the embryo against a yet unidentified toxin. As long recognized, a strategy called the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) makes use of the CI phenotype to control insect populations through the mass release of infected males. D. suzukii is naturally infected by a single Wolbachia strain, named wSuz, which has an intermediate prevalence in field populations and which does not induce a high level of CI. To implement IIT in D. suzukii, we used back and forth Wolbachia transfers between D. suzukii and D. simulans to identify Wolbachia strains that can fully sterilize D. suzukii females despite the presence of wSuz. We identified two potential candidates, both induce a very high level of CI in this pest which is not attenuated by the presence of wSuz in females. The transinfected males showed a similar competitiveness compared naturally infected and uninfected males and are able to induce a high level of CI during all their life. Finally we demonstrated that, in large population cage, the IIT can be very efficient to limit the D. suzukii population size. All the results confirmed that the IIT is a promising approach to control D. suzukii population and merit to go out the laboratory. Associate with a perfect sexing technique, IIT can be a powerful tool to fight against D. suzukii, which is not polluting and species specific

In this study, a single machine batch-scheduling problem with incompatible jobs and dynamic arrivals is examined. The objective function is the minimization of the total flow time of the jobs. For solving problems a case specific branch and bound algorithm with a heuristic upper bound scheme and two alternative lower bound procedures is used. An extensive computational experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of certain parameters on the computation time. For the most difficult parameter combination branch and bound algorithm can solve the problems about 25 jobs with 4 different job types in a 10 minutes time on average. For the problem types with higher number of jobs and the most difficult parameter combination proposed upper bound heuristic can be used to obtain near optimal solutions.

abstract: This research is motivated by a deterministic scheduling problem that is fairly common in manufacturing environments, where there are certain processes that call for a machine working on multiple jobs at the same time. An example of such an environment is wafer fabrication in the semiconductor industry where some stages can be modeled as batch processes. There has been significant work done in the past in the field of a single stage of parallel machines which process jobs in batches. The primary motivation behind this research is to extend the research done in this area to a two-stage flow-shop where jobs arrive with unequal ready times and belong to incompatible job families with the goal of minimizing total weighted tardiness. As a first step to propose solutions, a mixed integer mathematical model is developed which tackles the problem at hand. The problem is NP-hard and thus the developed mathematical program can only solve problem instances of smaller sizes in a reasonable amount of time. The next step is to build heuristics which can provide feasible solutions in polynomial time for larger problem instances. The basic nature of the heuristics proposed is time window decomposition, where jobs within a moving time frame are considered for batching each time a machine becomes available on either stage. The Apparent Tardiness Cost (ATC) rule is used to build batches, and is modified to calculate ATC indices on a batch as well as a job level. An improvisation to the above heuristic is proposed, where the heuristic is run iteratively, each time assigning start times of jobs on the second stage as due dates for the jobs on the first stage. The underlying logic behind the iterative approach is to improve the way due dates are estimated for the first stage based on assigned due dates for jobs in the second stage. An important study carried out as part of this research is to analyze the bottleneck stage in terms of its location and how it affects the performance measure. Extensive experimentation is carried out to test how the quality of the solution varies when input parameters are varied between high and low values. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Industrial Engineering 2012

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21683号 / 医博第4489号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 玉木 敬二, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The motivation of this research investigation stems from a particular job shop production environment at a large international communications and information technology company in which electro-mechanical assemblies (EMAs) are produced. The production environment of the EMAs includes the continuous arrivals of the EMAs (generally called jobs), with distinct due dates, degrees of importance and routing sequences through the production workstations, to the job shop. Jobs are processed in batches at the workstations, and there are incompatible families of jobs, where jobs from different product families cannot be processed together in the same batch. In addition, there are sequence-dependent setups between batches at the workstations. Most importantly, it is imperative that all product deliveries arrive on time to their customers (internal and external) within their respective delivery time windows. Delivery is allowed outside a time window, but at the expense of a penalty. Completing a job and delivering the job before the start of its respective time window results in a penalty, i.e., inventory holding cost. Delivering a job after its respective time window also results in a penalty, i.e., delay cost or emergency shipping cost. This presents a unique scheduling problem where an earlinesstardiness composite objective is considered. This research approaches this scheduling problem by decomposing this complex job shop scheduling environment into bottleneck and non-bottleneck resources, with the primary focus on effectively scheduling the bottleneck resource. Specifically, the problem of scheduling jobs with unique due dates on a single workstation under the conditions of batching, sequence-dependent iii setups, incompatible job families in order to minimize weighted earliness and tardiness is formulated as an integer linear program. This scheduling problem, even in its simplest form, is NP-Hard, where no polynomial-time algorithm exists to solve this problem to optimality, especially as the number of jobs increases. As a result, the computational time to arrive at optimal solutions is not of practical use in industrial settings, where production scheduling decisions need to be made quickly. Therefore, this research explores and proposes new heuristic algorithms to solve this unique scheduling problem. The heuristics use order review and release strategies in combination with priority dispatching rules, which is a popular and more commonly-used class of scheduling algorithms in real-world industrial settings. A computational study is conducted to assess the quality of the solutions generated by the proposed heuristics. The computational results show that, in general, the proposed heuristics produce solutions that are competitive to the optimal solutions, yet in a fraction of the time. The results also show that the proposed heuristics are superior in quality to a set of benchmark algorithms within this same class of heuristics

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / La presente investigación tiene por objeto avanzar hacia la sistematización de las aristas configurativas del principio de estabilidad en el empleo de los profesionales docentes del sector público, especialmente, a partir de las divergencias dogmáticas y jurisprudenciales que su aplicación ha planteado respecto de las causales de desvinculación de profesionales de la educación. Lo anterior tiene como antecedente el planteamiento de ciertas cuestiones que no han sido resueltas desde la legislatura y que, por el contrario, plantean dudas acerca de la correcta aplicación y extensión del referido principio. En el citado contexto, resulta preciso profundizar en torno a tres cuestiones axiomáticas en nuestro estudio, con la finalidad de proponer generalizaciones sistemáticas en base a los siguientes tópicos jurídicos: i) Exposición descriptivo-normativa de los aspectos centrales del principio de estabilidad en el empleo docente, dentro de lo cual cabe distinguir los diversos estatutos jurídicos que concursan en la regulación de las relaciones laborales del trabajador de la educación, ii) tensión existente entre las necesidades impuestas por la función pública, propia de los órganos del Estado y la salvaguardia de los derechos laborales específicos de los docentes en Chile, iii) autonomía del principio de estabilidad en el empleo en el marco de los docentes sujetos a reglas estatutarias, según las interpretaciones administrativas restrictivas, en oposición a las doctrinas que sujetan aun a los funcionarios municipales al estatuto laboral de protección derivado del Código del Trabajo. Todo lo anterior será analizado a partir de una relectura sobre el alcance, extensión y autonomía de la causal de desvinculación de salud incompatible con el cargo, en el marco del empleo docente. / 26/10/2019

A cultura do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) se destaca como fonte protéica e mineral para as populações humanas, principalmente, para populações de baixa renda. Dentre os agentes patogênicos, o fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. Scrib., causador da antracnose, é considerado o de maior importância devido aos seus efeitos destrutivos para o feijoeiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão de genes candidatos a atuarem na defesa da planta durante a interação incompatível do feijoeiro SEL 1308 e raça 73 do C. lindemuthianum, considerando diferentes tecidos (folhas, epicótilo e hipocótilo) e períodos de interação (24, 48, 72 e 96 horas). Além disso, o trabalho visou a validação de bibliotecas de ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) de feijoeiro (MELOTTO et al., 2005) e a análise da estabilidade de possíveis genes de referência para as análises de expressão por RT-qPCR. Foram utilizados 20 genes no estudo: 12 possivelmente responsivos ao patógeno e oito candidatos a genes de referência. A eficiência média das curvas de amplificação e valores dos ciclos e de quantificação (Cq) foram definidos no programa LinRegPCR. A estabilidade dos genes de referência foi avaliada nos programas geNorm e NormFinder. A expressão relativa dos genes alvos e normalizadores e as análises estatísticas foram determinadas no programa REST. As combinações de genes de referência Act2/Ukn2 e InsDeg/Act2 foram utilizadas para normalização dos genes-alvo por RT-qPCR. Os dados de expressão relativa dos transcritos entre as bibliotecas de ESTs foram validados pelo RT-qPCR. Os genes-alvo analisados foram todos responsivos ao sistema fitopatogênico avaliado, revelando perfil transcricional específico nos tecidos e período de interação com o patógeno. Os dados permitiram a disponibilização de genes de referência importantes para análise de expressão por RTqPCR em feijoeiro sob estresse biótico; e indícios para melhor entendimento dos processos envolvidos nos mecanismos de defesa do feijoeiro ao patógeno da antracnose / Common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) highlight as protein and mineral source to the human population, especially, for low-income populations. Among the pathogens, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. - Scrib., which causes anthracnose, is considered the most important due to its destructive effects to common bean. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of candidate genes to act in defense of the plant during the incompatible interaction between common bean SEL 1308 and race 73 of C. lindemuthianum, considering different tissues (leaves, epicotyl and hypocotyl) and periods of interaction (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Also, this study attempted the validation of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) libraries of common bean (MELOTTO et al., 2005) and the evaluation of candidate reference genes stability for expression analysis in RT-qPCR. Twenty genes were used: 12 candidate genes responsive to the pathogen and eight candidate reference genes. The average efficiency of amplification curves and the values of quantification cycles (Cq) were defined in LinRegPCR software. The stability of reference genes was evaluated using geNorm and NormFinder softwares. Relative expression of target and normalizer genes and statistical analysis were determined by REST software. The Act2/Ukn2 and InsDeg/Act2 reference genes combinations were used for normalization of target genes by RT-qPCR. The data of relative expression of transcripts between the libraries of ESTs were validated by RT-qPCR. All target genes analyzed were responsive to the pathogenic system evaluated, revealing specific transcriptional profiles in tissues and periods of interaction with the pathogen. The data provided the availability of normalizers important for expression analysis by RTqPCR in beans under biotic stress; and evidences to understand the processes involved in defense mechanisms of common bean against the anthracnose pathogen

A cultura do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) se destaca como fonte protéica e mineral para as populações humanas, principalmente, para populações de baixa renda. Dentre os agentes patogênicos, o fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. Scrib., causador da antracnose, é considerado o de maior importância devido aos seus efeitos destrutivos para o feijoeiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão de genes candidatos a atuarem na defesa da planta durante a interação incompatível do feijoeiro SEL 1308 e raça 73 do C. lindemuthianum, considerando diferentes tecidos (folhas, epicótilo e hipocótilo) e períodos de interação (24, 48, 72 e 96 horas). Além disso, o trabalho visou a validação de bibliotecas de ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) de feijoeiro (MELOTTO et al., 2005) e a análise da estabilidade de possíveis genes de referência para as análises de expressão por RT-qPCR. Foram utilizados 20 genes no estudo: 12 possivelmente responsivos ao patógeno e oito candidatos a genes de referência. A eficiência média das curvas de amplificação e valores dos ciclos e de quantificação (Cq) foram definidos no programa LinRegPCR. A estabilidade dos genes de referência foi avaliada nos programas geNorm e NormFinder. A expressão relativa dos genes alvos e normalizadores e as análises estatísticas foram determinadas no programa REST. As combinações de genes de referência Act2/Ukn2 e InsDeg/Act2 foram utilizadas para normalização dos genes-alvo por RT-qPCR. Os dados de expressão relativa dos transcritos entre as bibliotecas de ESTs foram validados pelo RT-qPCR. Os genes-alvo analisados foram todos responsivos ao sistema fitopatogênico avaliado, revelando perfil transcricional específico nos tecidos e período de interação com o patógeno. Os dados permitiram a disponibilização de genes de referência importantes para análise de expressão por RTqPCR em feijoeiro sob estresse biótico; e indícios para melhor entendimento dos processos envolvidos nos mecanismos de defesa do feijoeiro ao patógeno da antracnose / Common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) highlight as protein and mineral source to the human population, especially, for low-income populations. Among the pathogens, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. - Scrib., which causes anthracnose, is considered the most important due to its destructive effects to common bean. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of candidate genes to act in defense of the plant during the incompatible interaction between common bean SEL 1308 and race 73 of C. lindemuthianum, considering different tissues (leaves, epicotyl and hypocotyl) and periods of interaction (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Also, this study attempted the validation of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) libraries of common bean (MELOTTO et al., 2005) and the evaluation of candidate reference genes stability for expression analysis in RT-qPCR. Twenty genes were used: 12 candidate genes responsive to the pathogen and eight candidate reference genes. The average efficiency of amplification curves and the values of quantification cycles (Cq) were defined in LinRegPCR software. The stability of reference genes was evaluated using geNorm and NormFinder softwares. Relative expression of target and normalizer genes and statistical analysis were determined by REST software. The Act2/Ukn2 and InsDeg/Act2 reference genes combinations were used for normalization of target genes by RT-qPCR. The data of relative expression of transcripts between the libraries of ESTs were validated by RT-qPCR. All target genes analyzed were responsive to the pathogenic system evaluated, revealing specific transcriptional profiles in tissues and periods of interaction with the pathogen. The data provided the availability of normalizers important for expression analysis by RTqPCR in beans under biotic stress; and evidences to understand the processes involved in defense mechanisms of common bean against the anthracnose pathogen