Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Droit--Montpellier 1, 1999. / En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 429-469. Index.

¿Qué es “UPC Exportador” y cuál es su finalidad? “‘UPC Exportador’ es un espacio donde queremos que los alumnos reflexionen y apliquen los conocimientos que les brindemos para fomentar una cultura exportadora. La exportación es una de nuestras mejores estrategias para lograr mayor sostenibilidad, crecimiento y oportunidad en un mercado mundial y cada vez más globalizado e interdependiente. / ¿Cuál es la importancia de la actualización de los Incoterms 2020? “El comercio internacional es cambiante. El idioma de los negocios de compra-venta también, y se adapta de manera que sea más simple y seguro: los Incoterms. Conocer la nueva versión (2020), nos brinda la oportunidad necesaria para seguir con nuestros negocios sin estar desactualizados. Es el “lenguaje” del comercio exterior que se utilizará desde el 1ro. de enero del 2020.

¿Qué es “UPC Exportador” y cuál es su finalidad? “‘UPC Exportador’ es un espacio donde queremos que los alumnos reflexionen y apliquen los conocimientos que les brindemos para fomentar una cultura exportadora. La exportación es una de nuestras mejores estrategias para lograr mayor sostenibilidad, crecimiento y oportunidad en un mercado mundial y cada vez más globalizado e interdependiente. / ¿Cuál es la importancia de la actualización de los Incoterms 2020? “El comercio internacional es cambiante. El idioma de los negocios de compra-venta también, y se adapta de manera que sea más simple y seguro: los Incoterms. Conocer la nueva versión (2020), nos brinda la oportunidad necesaria para seguir con nuestros negocios sin estar desactualizados. Es el “lenguaje” del comercio exterior que se utilizará desde el 1ro. de enero del 2020.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

I detta arbete undersöks Incoterms® 2010 maritima villkor, FAS. Framförallt hur det kommer sig att den inte används lika ofta som de övriga samt vad som är avgörande vid valet av villkor. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och data samlades in genom litteraturstudie samt två kvalitativa intervjuer: en företagsrepresentant och en sakkunnig inom logistikrätt. En teorigenomgång av både allmän karaktär av Incoterms® samt tidigare forskning kring dess användning blev grunden till det teoretiska ramverket. Resultatet visar flera olika faktorer till att FAS inte används lika ofta som de övriga villkoren. De mest framträdande faktorerna är riskövergången, brytpunkter, betalning samt okunskap. / This work presents a study of the Incoterms® 2010 seaterm, FAS. The main questions are; why is it not used as often as the other terms for sea transportation, and, what are the main decisions when choosing Incoterms®. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach and data were collected through a literature study and two qualitative interviews; one with a company representative, and one who is an expert in logistics law. A theoretical review of Incoterms® and previous research, constructs the theoretical framework used. The result show several aspects for FAS not being used as often as the other terms. Most common aspects are; passing of risk, break point, payment and lack of knowledge.

International Commercial Terms have been applied in the international trade for more than 70 years. The aim of the master thesis is to analyze the application of INCOTERMS in container transportation which was secured by a forwarder. The first chapter describes the role of maritime transport in the international trade, emphasizes container transportation and its development and describes cooperation of the subjects on the field of international trasport (mainly the activities of forwarder). The second chapter contains the describtion of the individual INCOTERMS and their newest version INCOTREMS 2010, their role in the international trade and describes rights and obligations of buyer and seller. It aims at the newest terms DAP a DAT and deals with the factors which influence the choice of suitable term. The third chapter provides statistical data and tries to reveal the reason why buyer and seller choose a particular term.

Inauguraldiss. Recht Bern, 1998. / Im Buchh.: Ankara : Akçag. Bibliogr.

I detta arbete undersöks Incoterms® 2010 maritima villkor, FAS. Framförallt hur det kommer sig att den inte används lika ofta som de övriga samt vad som är avgörande vid valet av villkor. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och data samlades in genom litteraturstudie samt två kvalitativa intervjuer: en företagsrepresentant och en sakkunnig inom logistikrätt. En teorigenomgång av både allmän karaktär av Incoterms® samt tidigare forskning kring dess användning blev grunden till det teoretiska ramverket. Resultatet visar flera olika faktorer till att FAS inte används lika ofta som de övriga villkoren. De mest framträdande faktorerna är riskövergången, brytpunkter, betalning samt okunskap. / This work presents a study of the Incoterms® 2010 seaterm, FAS. The main questions are; why is it not used as often as the other terms for sea transportation, and, what are the main decisions when choosing Incoterms®. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach and data were collected through a literature study and two qualitative interviews; one with a company representative, and one who is an expert in logistics law. A theoretical review of Incoterms® and previous research, constructs the theoretical framework used. The result show several aspects for FAS not being used as often as the other terms. Most common aspects are; passing of risk, break point, payment and lack of knowledge.

ICC – International Chamber of commerce in 1936 first time introduced Incoterms clause. The Incoterms in the most simply way that may be defined as delivery terms. It represents seller’s and buyer’s (manufacturer and customer) relationship in the sales of good contract regarding the goods delivery clause. There were more than one revision of Incoterms until the latest 2010 versions has been released. Incoterms 2010 separated delivery terms into two different transportation ways – sea and inland waterway (4 rules) and any mode of transport (7 rules). These rules mostly are combined with the contract of sales of goods and define the way how the goods will be delivered for the buyer. The most important thing that Incoterms represent is the liability separation between the seller and the buyer. It became clear what obligations and duties the contracting parties has. These rules led to have easier communication between the seller and the buyer when the delivery clause was negotiated. Today the Incoterrms 2010 suggest 11 delivery terms, where the parties may choose the most suitable term for them. All terms are divided into 4 groups and each of them has its own features. In this paper are discussed 2 of it: F group and D group. F and D groups consist from 3 terms each. In the work is analyzed FOB and DDP terms. First of it are suitable for the water and inland transport and second one for any mode of transport. In this paper is analyzed the seller’s responsibility when he agrees... [to full text] / 1936 m. ICC – Tarptautiniai komercijos rūmai (angl. International Chamber of Commerce) pirmą kartą pristatė Incoterms sąlygas. Incoterms sąlygas galima apibūdinti kaip prekių pristatymo sąlygas. Incoterms apibūdina pardavėjo ir pirkėjo (gamintojo ir kliento) pareigas pristatant prekes kai yra pasirašyta pirkimo – pardavimo sutartis. Incoterms buvo ne kartą tobulintos iki buvo išleista paskutinė – 2010 m. versija. Incoterms 2010 išskiria du prekių pristatymo būdus: vienas jų, kai prekės gabenamos jūromis ar vidaus vandens keliais (4 taisyklės), antras – terminai tinkamai bet kuriai transport rūšiai (7 taisyklės). Šios taisyklės yar naudojamos kartu su pirkimo – pardavimo sutartimis, kur nusako, kaip prekės bus pristatytos pirkėjui. Labai svarbu paminėti tai, kad Incoterms taisyklės leidžia atskirti pardavėjo ir pirkėjo atsakomybę gabenant krovinius. Taisyklės apibūdina, už ką yra atsakinga kiekviena šalis. Šios taisyklės leido supaprastinti tarptautinę prekybą ir santykius tarp pardavėjo ir pirkėjo. Šiandien Incoterms pateikia 11 prekių pristatymo taisyklių, kurias šalys gali laisvai rinktis pagal savo poreikius ir galimybes. Visos taisyklės, pagal jų bruožus yra suskirstytos į 4 grupes. Šiame darbe yra aptariamos F ir D grupės, kurias sudaro po 3 terminus. Darbo metu yra analizuojamos FOB ir DDP taisyklės. FOB terminas taikomas kai prekės yra gabenamos vandens transportu, o DDP – bet kuria transporto rūšimi. Darbe aiškinama, kokią atsakomybę įgija pardavėjas, kai prekių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

The thesis is called international sales contract. The aim of it was to provide an overview of the possible legal regime of an international sales contract and to inform about sources of law that are applicable to such contract. The main aim of my thesis was to analyze United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). I tried to evaluate its advantages and disadvantages through the whole thesis. I focused on its scope of application, on the other hand, I did not examine rights and duties of parties to a contract determined by the CISG. In one part of my thesis I also paid attention to INCOTERMS, which is a significant and practical tool on the field of international trade. I realized this thesis using a descriptive method, since I tried to characterize certain legal instruments and their position and function thanks to information obtained from legislation, doctrine and case law. Moreover, I was using a comparative method, as I was comparing differing opinions of doctrine. Afterwards, I tried to form and explain my own views. I divided my thesis into five sections. In the first section I described international sales contract and I pointed out the difference between international and domestic sales contract. In the second part I was dealing with sources of law of...