This thesis will study how scientific research environments should be designed, specifically addressing the issues beyond mere needs of research scientists. Assuming that the purpose of research is to create new knowledge and foster discoveries, as well as positively influence the community in its processes and results, this thesis will explore the potential of the influence of this building typology that has not been previously considered enough. The objectives of the thesis are on one hand, the changes in science disciplines and their reflections in the evolution among this building type, on the other hand, the impacts of research environment on scientific evolution. The question is, beyond support, can architecture promote and nurture science and enlighten scientists toward a new understanding of scientific activities? Based on this research, it is assumed that good science happens in spaces that are transparent and dynamically communicative. The methodologies, which will be used to address these objectives, include literature review, exploration of case studies, surveys and interviews with scientists about their use of the laboratory buildings, and the design of a prototype building for scientific research.

Bakgrund: Inkubatorer är organisationer som syftar till att hjälpa nystartade företag att växa och överleva sina tidiga år. Det finns tydligt beskrivet hur inkubatorernas stödprocesserär utformade, men beskrivningar om hur och varför de utformats på detta sätt lyser med sin frånvaro. Ett fåtal forskare har antagit eller beskrivit kopplingar mellan processutformning och organisationers målsättning, men ingen tydlig koppling verkar ha identifierats. Genom att sammankoppla målsättning och process syftar denna studie till att illustrera hur processer utformas, både inom inkubatorer och hos andra organisationstyper. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva hur målsättningen hos icke-vinstdrivande svenska inkubatorer påverkar utformningen av inkubatorernas inkubationsprocesser. Metod: Uppsatsen utgår ifrån ett konstruktionistiskt perspektiv med en abduktiv ansats, som i sin tur inneburit ett iterativt arbetssätt. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsdesign, och undersöker 11 svenska inkubatorer i en fenomenbaserad små-N-studie. Uppsatsens respondenter valdes ut genom ett i huvudsak målstyrt urval, och data från respondenterna har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. En tematisk analys har utförts baserat på den empiriska data för att finna kopplingar till uppsatsens frågeställningar. Slutsats: Studien drar tydliga kopplingar mellan målsättning hos svenska icke vinstdrivande inkubatorer och deras inkubationsprocesser. Dessa kopplingar kan dras både mellan övergripande mål och specifika mål inom organisationerna. Urvalet till en inkubator påverkas mycket av inkubatorns olika mål. Vissa delar av handledningsprocessen, främst nätverksaktiviteter och rådgivning, påverkas också tydligt av inkubatorns mål. Denna studie har dessutom påvisat att de specifika målen som formulerats hos inkubatorerna ofta baseras på de övergripande målen. / Background: Business incubators are organizations with a purpose to help new ventures grow and survive their early years. There are descriptions of the general incubation process, but clear motivations of their process design are sorely missing. Some researchers suggest links between the goals of organizations and their process design, but a clear connection seems to be missing. By connecting goals and processes, this study aims to illustrate how processes are formed within business incubators as well as other types of organizations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe how the goals of Swedish non-profit incubators influence the design of business incubators’ incubation processes. Methodology: The study is based on a constructionist perspective with an abductive approach, which in turn has led to an iterative study process. It is based on a qualitative research design and investigates 11 respondents through a small-N-study. Respondents were chosen based on a mostly goal-driven selection process, and empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with each respondent. A thematic analysis was conducted on this data to answer the research questions posed. Conclusion: The study draws clear connections between goals of Swedish non-profit business incubators and their incubation processes. These connections can be made from both organizational goals and specific goals within the organizations. Incubators' selection processes are largely affected by the different goals of the organization. This is also true for networking and guidance activities within the incubator. In addition, the study has shown that specific goals within the incubators are largely influenced by their organizational goals.

The thesis is focused on project financing in the non-profit sphere. The paper deals with the financing of the project by spending irreversibly financial contribution from European Union funds. The sponsor of this ride is the town of Piešťany. The goal of this project is the realization of building a business incubator.

In a research part, this diploma thesis deals with dividing incubators into groups according to their kind of use. From the groups biological incubators have been chosen to describe their construction, to explain possibilities of doing sampling and temperature and CO2 control. The research part is concluded by an overview of biological transport incubators for a transfer of cell cultures. In the part of the thesis which deals with a new construction solution some variations are suggested. The most suitable variation has been chosen after a structural technological description, and it is further described in a constructional solution. The frame of the incubator is made from aluminium alloy and is controlled by FEM. There are individual structural nodes being explained and visualised step by step in the construction solution. In the end of the construction solving some information about making the construction and prices of all continuing manufacture are stated.

Cell cultures are grown in special incubators ensuring appropriate culture conditions for cell survival. The introduction of the diploma thesis is dedicated to the cultivation of cells in vitro and description of sensors, especially designated for the sensing of gas concentration. The main essence of this work is a project and realization of the monoclimatic incubation chamber for the incubation of cell cultures with the opportunity to observe them under a confocal microscope. Another part of this work is dealing with the project and application of autonomous sensing system and regulation of gas concentration (O2 and CO2) in the chamber. The nal part of thesis is dedicated to the presentation of the project correctness verication of the incubation chamber.

MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal Science / See the attached abstract below

In recent years there has been an increased focus on preservation of our environment and natural resources. As a result, in a notably natural resource consuming world, sustainable development has evolved in societies for the conservation of the environment. Even though the term sustainability has become more frequently discussed, the subject remains complex. The aim of the study is to explore how high-profile business incubators in Sweden and the startups they support relate to sustainability, and to understand the conditions for pushing more progressive sustainability agendas, in a country that boasts about its sustainability ambitions. Fourteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with both incubator business developers, startup founders, an expert within the innovation system and a professional investor. This qualitative study analyses different perceptions regarding sustainability and the incubators and startups role within the innovation system in a country that boasts about its sustainability ambitions. The results indicate that there is a demand for stricter institutional pressures, with increased support for entrepreneurs. It also turns out that incubators have room for improvement when it comes to motivational inspiration and behavioural changes for their tenants. However, they show to be receptive and attentive towards a systematic approach in order to enhance sustainability work. It is also shown that entrepreneurs', compared to the incubators, appears to have taken a greater distance from understanding the sustainability topic. As many as 56 percent of the entrepreneurs claimed that a forced method could be beneficial but might require more time than it is worth. The remaining 44 percent saw it as purely advantageous. Future studies are encouraged to conduct an investigation including a greater number of participants as an attempt to generalise these findings, and also try to identify if gender has a significant role regarding the matter.

Small businesses are an important part of innovation, competitiveness and economic development. Support systems such as business incubators have emerged with the purpose of helping these startups develop. The startups which are in focus in this thesis operate in different industries, in technology-based industries where commercialization and growth is in focus, to creative industries which focus on developing individual talent and creativity. The characteristics and core of the businesses differ, giving them different business logics by which the startups operate. The business logic leads the startups to face different challenges, which the thesis considers to regard liabilities of smallness, liabilities of newness and liabilities of uniqueness as well as organizing.  These variations give the startups differences in how they operate and hence, also a need for different types of support given by business incubators. Business incubator support is in the thesis categorized into three components of Networks, Infrastructure and Business Services, as suggested in a triad model of Carvalho & Galina (2015). As varying business logics makes a difference on what type of value startups produce, it is important to study the relationship between these logics and the support provided by an incubator. It is important in order to understand how incubators can adapt their support more effectively to help entrepreneurs overcome their challenges.  The thesis purpose is to broaden the understanding of how business logics and challenges of startups adhere to the industry they are in, and how the support given by business incubators can help the businesses to overcome challenges associated with these business logics. The research design was qualitative, and data was collected by performing six semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs within creative and technology-based industries, enrolled at business incubators with these specializations.  The study results in a proposed model, giving extension to the original triad model by Carvalho & Galina (2015). In the proposed model, new dimensions of the support system as well as the nature of the startups’ business logics, and challenges are addressed. The proposed model and the study’s results may act as a guiding framework for future research in the field, aiming to gain a better understanding of the reality of startups with different business logics.

Over the past three decades, interest in the topic of Business Incubation and more specifically University Business Incubation, has increased, due to its potential to encourage entrepreneurial activities, which initiate innovation and economic development. The literature on entrepreneurship devotes significant attention to BI as a tool for supporting entrepreneurs in overcoming difficulties associated with starting a business. Meanwhile, the fact that incubators themselves are vulnerable to different challenges needs to be sufficiently highlighted in the research currently in publication. By adopting an incubator’s perspective on developing entrepreneurs and, therefore, its dynamics that form new ventures, this qualitative study has focused on difficulties adjacent to the administration of the incubator. By building on the Black Box model of incubation, the Triad model, as well as Institutionalized entrepreneurship, the researchers have contributed to the phenomena of UBIs, and the many challenges they encounter when incubating business tenants. The thesis has successfully confirmed the inherent value of ensuring the financial viability of publicly financed incubators while shedding light on the challenges involved in achieving self-sufficiency. This examination has delved into the acquisition of government funds by incubators and explored the opportunities and constraints accompanying such support. Building on existing literature, which identifies sustainability and growth as key indicators, this study has provided empirical evidence and analysis that underscores the detrimental impact on the incubator's core mission when these criteria are not maintained.

Småföretag har en väsentlig roll på Sveriges marknad där de tillför storaarbetsmöjligheter och står för hälften av Sveriges BNP. De står dock införutmaningar då de ofta brister på centrala kunskaper och resurser, och mångasmåföretag överlever endast ett fåtal år. Genom nätverkande kan småföretagenkomma åt de grundläggande tillgångarna men de har svårt att etablera ett stortoch betydelsefullt nätverk då de är små och okända på marknaden. Inkubatornsroll i samhället avser till att hjälpa småföretag att skapa en snabb tillväxt för attsedan kunna överleva själva ute på marknaden. Men det brister om förståelsekring hur småföretag arbetar med en inkubator samt hur småföretag kan skapamöjligheter för att utöka nätverket utifrån samarbetet med inkubatornsverksamhet, därav är det problemformuleringarna. Syftet för denna studie är attöka förståelse kring hur småföretagen kan främja deras nätverkande och hurinkubatorns verksamhet kan stödja och tillhandahålla resurser. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte och problemformuleringar har relevant teorioch empiri samlats in. Teorin finner att småföretagets interna och externanätverk är en väsentlig roll för överlevnad och tillväxt där entreprenörenspåverkan tydliggörs. För att utveckla ett välfungerande nätverk finner teorin attett samarbete tillsammans med inkubator och dess nätverk kan hjälpasmåföretaget. En egenkonstruerad modell förtydligar detta. Sista kapitletförklarar vad den teoretiska nätverksstrukturen kluster innebär och vad ettkluster kan möjliggöra för de aktörer som befinner sig inom strukturen. Detteoretiska kapitlet kompletteras med ett empiriskt kapitel. Den empiriskainsamlingen använder en kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuer harutförts. Sex intervjuer genomfördes med grundare i varsitt småföretag som hareller just nu samarbetar med en inkubator. Den empiriska insamlingen gavskribenterna till denna studie en förståelse för vardera erfarenheter och socialaverklighet inom företagande och småföretagens nätverk kopplat till inkubatorn. Genom att sammanställa teori med empiri har dessa kunnat jämföras ochkopplas samman i ett analyskapitel. Analysen resulterade i en utveckling av denegenkonstruerade modellen från teorin där inkubatorn och kluster sammanfördesdå kopplingar mellan dessa uppkom under empirin. Slutsatsen visade på att detär av stor betydan att underhålla nätverksrelationerna inom småföretaget menockså med övriga entreprenörer och aktörer för att skapa nya och goda kontakter,både internt och externt. Där studien visade på att inkubatorns nätverksstrukturkluster, kan ses som en möjlighet för småföretagens tillväxt. Med brister på ettstrukturerat nätverk hos småföretagen finns risk att resurserna och tillgångarnapåverkas negativt samt att företaget kan gå miste om erfarenheter och nyainnovationer, vilket är något som studien har visat att inkubatorn kantillhandahålla för småföretagen. Det framkom även att den individuellaentreprenörens initiativtagande är väsentligt vad gäller ett småföretagsutveckling, framgång och förmåga att styra resultatet. / Small businesses have a significant role in the development of Sweden'smarkets, where they provide great job opportunities and are responsible for halfof Sweden's GDP. Small businesses face challenges as they often have a lack ofknowledge and resources. Small businesses can access the basic assets but theyhave difficulties establishing a large and significant network as they are smalland unknown in the market. In that case incubators can be of great use.Incubators help small businesses create a more rapid growth in order to then beable to survive independently on the market. According to the authors of thestudy there is a lack of understanding how small businesses work with anincubator and how small businesses can create opportunities to expand theirnetwork based on cooperation with the incubators. The problem statement andpurpose of this study are formulated to increase the understanding of how smallbusinesses can promote their network and how the incubators activities cansupport and provide resources. To be able to answer the purpose and the problem statement of this study,relevant theory and empirical data have been collected. The theoreticalframework finds that the small businesses internal and external networks areessential for survival and growth, where the entrepreneurs impact is clarified.To develop a well-functioning network, the theory finds that a collaborationwith the incubator and its network can aid small businesses. A self-designedmodel clarifies this. The theoretical framework also includes an explanation ofnetwork structured clusters, what defines a cluster, and the actors within thestructure. The empirical collection is made from a qualitative method wheresemi-structured interviews have been conducted. Six interviews were conductedwith founders from each small business who previously have or are currentlycollaborating with an incubator. The empirical collection gave the authors ofthis study an understanding of each small business' own experiences. By compiling the theory with the empirical data, it was possible to compare andlink the information in an analysis chapter. The analysis resulted in adevelopment of a self constructed model from the theory where the incubatorand cluster were brought together. The conclusion showed that it is of greatimportance to maintain the network relations within the small business but alsowith other entrepreneurs and actors to create new and beneficial contacts, bothinternally and externally. The study also showed that the incubators networkstructure and cluster can be seen as an opportunity for small business growth. Ifthere are deficiencies in a small business network there is a risk that resourcesand assets will be negatively affected and the company may lose experience andnew innovation, which is something that the study has shown that the incubatorcan provide for small businesses. It also emerged that the individualentrepreneurs initiative is essential in terms of small business development,success and ability to control the result.