In today’s schools students enter classrooms with different experiences and knowledge level. In order to promote the development and learning of all pupils, teaching should be adapted to each pupil’s circumstances and needs. According to the Swedish school curriculum (Lgr 11) and the Education Act (2010:800) there is an emphasis to have all students reach the same academic goals and standards. However past research indicates that individual adaption tailored for the individual needs of students in English teaching is considered somewhat average. Based on Vinterek’s (2006) individualization types the aim of this study has been to examine whether and if so, in what way teachers individualize English teaching based on the varying circumstances and needs of pupils. This study also aims to identify what factors teachers’ claim affect their work with individual adaption in teaching, based on Lundgren’s (1972) and Stensmo’s (2008) frame factor theory. Based on a qualitative method with both observations and interviews, two questions have been answered: 1. In what way do three teachers work with individualize English teaching, based on the varying circumstances and needs of each pupil? 2. What factors do teachers consider affects their work with individualization in English teaching? From the outcomes of the observations and interviews the results show that the teachers do work with an individual based education tailored for the individual needs of the pupil’s. The result from this study also shows that the teachers face several difficulties with individualization in English teaching. All of the teachers claim that time and the size of the class are factors that most affect the teaching process with individualization in the classroom.

<p>The school is responsible to make sure that each students´ individual needs are met as well as that the lessons are suitable for all students´ ability. As this is the case it is very interesting to evaluate how this is done in reality. The purpose with the study has been to shed light upon what different methods teachers in various schools use in order to individualize their teach­ings. Are their obvious differences in the way teachers work with individualization and how does this affect the students? The teachers in the different schools provided me with informa­tion on how they work in order to teach, stimulate and motivate well achievers as well as stu­dents who find school more difficult. I also asked if, and to what degree they apply different learning techniques as well as if, and how often they consider various learning styles.</p><p>The phenomenological study is qualitative. Methods used are interviews with the different teachers as well as observations in all four classrooms. The classes were each observed for a full day and after time spent in the classroom teachers involved that particular day was inter­viewed.</p><p>The results showed that the teachers work in many different ways in order to individualize their teaching. It was also clear that there were differences on the classrooms physical shape as well as material and books. There were also differences in class sizes and the amount of teachers in the classrooms – which surely affected the situations. A conclusion of the study is that two main methods of individualization were noted. One method used by one group of teachers was to let all students work on the same problems but to their own ability. The other group of teachers used and offered, to a larger extent, different and various materials to their students in order to meet the child at its level of scholastic development and ability.</p>

The school is responsible to make sure that each students´ individual needs are met as well as that the lessons are suitable for all students´ ability. As this is the case it is very interesting to evaluate how this is done in reality. The purpose with the study has been to shed light upon what different methods teachers in various schools use in order to individualize their teach­ings. Are their obvious differences in the way teachers work with individualization and how does this affect the students? The teachers in the different schools provided me with informa­tion on how they work in order to teach, stimulate and motivate well achievers as well as stu­dents who find school more difficult. I also asked if, and to what degree they apply different learning techniques as well as if, and how often they consider various learning styles. The phenomenological study is qualitative. Methods used are interviews with the different teachers as well as observations in all four classrooms. The classes were each observed for a full day and after time spent in the classroom teachers involved that particular day was inter­viewed. The results showed that the teachers work in many different ways in order to individualize their teaching. It was also clear that there were differences on the classrooms physical shape as well as material and books. There were also differences in class sizes and the amount of teachers in the classrooms – which surely affected the situations. A conclusion of the study is that two main methods of individualization were noted. One method used by one group of teachers was to let all students work on the same problems but to their own ability. The other group of teachers used and offered, to a larger extent, different and various materials to their students in order to meet the child at its level of scholastic development and ability.

I dagens skola är individen och dennes behov i fokus. Detta uttrycks i skolans läroplan, Lpo 94. Läroplanens intention är att undervisningen skall individanpassas utifrån varje elevs behov och förutsättningar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger individanpassar undervisningen. Vidare är studiens syfte att belysa pedagogers syn på individanpassad undervisning och vad det är som styr deras utformning av den. Antalet respondenter i studien har varit fyra pedagoger, som alla är verksamma i skolår 3. Studien utgörs av en fallstudie med observationer och intervjuer, vilka har analyserats och tolkats. Resultatet visar att pedagoger använder sig av ett varierande arbetssätt för att möta varje enskild elev. De använder planeringsbok, arbetsschema eller beting i arbetet med att individanpassa undervisningen, vilket innebär att eleverna arbetar självständigt och att uppgifterna ofta är självinstruerande. Pedagogerna anser det enklare att individanpassa i matematik och svenska än i idrott, engelska och de natur- och samhällsorienterande ämnena. Studiens resultat visar att en av fördelarna med individanpassad undervisning är att den utgår just från den enskilde eleven. När undervisningen anpassas efter elevens förmåga och behov, leder det till att eleven känner glädje och en känsla av att den kan. Pedagogerna synliggör i detta sammanhang också möjligheten som ges att kunna utmana de duktiga eleverna. Studiens resultat visar att pedagoger vill arbeta mer individanpassat än vad de gör idag, men ser de yttre faktorerna som hinder för detta. / In the school of today, the individual's needs are the focus. This is expressed in Lpo 94. The intention of the curriculum (Lpo 94) is that education should be adjusted to the needs and conditions of every pupil. The purpose of the study is to examine how pedagogues adjust education to the individual. Furthermore, the purpose is to illustrate pedagogues' view on individually based education, and what dictates how it is carried out. Four pedagogues, all working in school year 3, responded to the study. This case study used observations and interviews, which have been analysed. The result shows that pedagogues use a variety of ways to meet the needs of every single pupil. They use planning books, working schedules and/or assignments as learning tools. This implies that the pupils work independently, and that work is often self-instructive. The pedagogues state that it is easier to adjust to the individual's needs in mathematics and Swedish than in physical education, foreign languages, social studies and science. All pedagogues see from a pupil's perspective when talking about the advantages with individually based teaching. They emphasize that the advantage is the possibility to adjust to the abilities and needs of each individual pupil, which leads to a more positive pupil and sense of accomplishment. Individually based teaching also gives the pedagogues the possibility to challenge high achieving pupils. All pedagogues want to work more individually based, but see external factors as impediments.

<p>I dagens skola är individen och dennes behov i fokus. Detta uttrycks i skolans läroplan,<em> Lpo 94</em>. Läroplanens intention är att undervisningen skall individanpassas utifrån varje elevs behov och förutsättningar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger individanpassar undervisningen. Vidare är studiens syfte att belysa pedagogers syn på individanpassad undervisning och vad det är som styr deras utformning av den.</p><p>Antalet respondenter i studien har varit fyra pedagoger, som alla är verksamma i skolår 3. Studien utgörs av en fallstudie med observationer och intervjuer, vilka har analyserats och tolkats.</p><p>Resultatet visar att pedagoger använder sig av ett varierande arbetssätt för att möta varje enskild elev. De använder planeringsbok, arbetsschema eller beting i arbetet med att individanpassa undervisningen, vilket innebär att eleverna arbetar självständigt och att uppgifterna ofta är självinstruerande. Pedagogerna anser det enklare att individanpassa i matematik och svenska än i idrott, engelska och de natur- och samhällsorienterande ämnena. Studiens resultat visar att en av fördelarna med individanpassad undervisning är att den utgår just från den enskilde eleven. När undervisningen anpassas efter elevens förmåga och behov, leder det till att eleven känner glädje och en känsla av att den kan. Pedagogerna synliggör i detta sammanhang också möjligheten som ges att kunna utmana de duktiga eleverna. Studiens resultat visar att pedagoger vill arbeta mer individanpassat än vad de gör idag, men ser de yttre faktorerna som hinder för detta.</p> / <p>In the school of today, the individual's needs are the focus. This is expressed in Lpo 94. The intention of the curriculum (Lpo 94) is that education should be adjusted to the needs and conditions of every pupil. The purpose of the study is to examine how pedagogues adjust education to the individual. Furthermore, the purpose is to illustrate pedagogues' view on individually based education, and what dictates how it is carried out.</p><p>Four pedagogues, all working in school year 3, responded to the study. This case study used observations and interviews, which have been analysed.</p><p>The result shows that pedagogues use a variety of ways to meet the needs of every single pupil. They use planning books, working schedules and/or assignments as learning tools. This implies that the pupils work independently, and that work is often self-instructive. The pedagogues state that it is easier to adjust to the individual's needs in mathematics and Swedish than in physical education, foreign languages, social studies and science. All pedagogues see from a pupil's perspective when talking about the advantages with individually based teaching. They emphasize that the advantage is the possibility to adjust to the abilities and needs of each individual pupil, which leads to a more positive pupil and sense of accomplishment. Individually based teaching also gives the pedagogues the possibility to challenge high achieving pupils. All pedagogues want to work more individually based, but see external factors as impediments.</p>