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[en] INDUCTION MOTOR VELOCITY CONTROL BY SUBSYNCHRONOUS CASCADE / [pt] CONTROLE DE VELOCIDADE DE MOTORES DE INDUÇÃO USANDO CASCATA SUBSÍNCRONALEIDA ZAMPERLINI 02 May 2007 (has links)
[pt] Discute-se a modelagem de segunda ordem do acionamento
por
motor de indução de rotor bobinado usando cascata
subsíncrona e o controle de velocidade do mesmo. As
estratégias de controle habituais são criticadas e
propõe-se um controlador PI com realimentação
proporcional de
corrente. Propõe-se também um algoritmo de projeto
considerando as possibilidades de ajustes finais. / [en] The second order modeling and speed control of the Wound
Rotor Induction Motor Drive using Subsynchronous Converter
Cascade are discussed. The usual control projects is
criticized, and a PI controller with current proportional
feedback, and also a algorthm for the design with
possibilities of final adjustments are presented.
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[en] INDUCTION MOTOR VELOCITY BY SUBSYNCHRONOUS CASCADE AND 6TH ORDER MODEL / [pt] CONTROLE DE VELOCIDADE DO MOTOR DE INDUÇÃO ATRAVÉS DA CASCATA SUBSÍNCRONA USANDO O MODELO DE 6ª ORDEMGEORGE ALVES SOARES 02 May 2007 (has links)
[pt] O controle de velocidade do motor de indução do rotor
bobinado, através de uma cascata de conversores
estáticos
no rotor, conhecido como Sistema Kramer Estático, é
considerado um dos melhores acionamentos para motores
acima de 500 Hp, devido às suas características de baixo
custo inicial, menor complexidade do sistema de
conversores e regeneração de energia.
Nestas últimas décadas, as pesquisas nesta área se
concentraram basicamente na melhoria da estrutura dos
conversores estáticos, o projeto de controle recebeu
pouca
atenção e sua estrutura de controle continuava inspirada
no controle do motor de corrente contínua. Em um recente
trabalho (1987) foi proposto um controlador PI com
realimantação proporcional de corrente no elo c.c. .
Contudo, este projeto, como os outros, foram baseados em
uma modelagem simples.
Nesta dissertação de mestrado, revê-se e critica-se
modelagens e projetos de controle existentes, desenvolve-
se um modelo de 6ª ordem e propõe-se um projeto de
controle que atente às especificações usuais de
controle.
A estrutura proposta é composta de um regulador de
estado
mais um observador parcial de estado. Esta estrutura é
fisicamente realizável e o seu algoritmo de projeto é
simples, claro e direto. Comprova-se que o uso de
modelos
mais completos e estruturas de controle mais eficazes
não
implicam em controladores complexos e irrealizáveis. / [en] The speed control of wound rotor induction motor by a
static converter cascade (Kramer Static System) is
considered one of the best large motor drive (above 500
Hp.) due to its characteristics of low initial cost, less
complexity of the converters and energy regeneration.
In the last decades, the researches emphasize basicilly
the improvement of the converter structure. The control
design was almost forgotten and its structure was Kept
based on the direct current motor control. In 1987, it was
proposed a PI controller with proportional feedback of
direct current. But, this last design, like the others,
was based on a simple model.
In this dissertation, the modellings and control designs
are reviewed and criticized. Besides this, a sixth order
model is developed and a new control design is proposed in
order to solve the usual control requirements. This
proposed structure is composed of a state regulator plus a
partial state observer. It´s also of easy achievement and
its design algolirhm is simple, easy and direct. It´s
confirmed that the use of morepowerful control structure
doesn´t implacate in complex and unfeasible controller.
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[en] ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS UNDER VARIABLE FREQUENCY / [pt] ANÁLISE DO BOMBEAMENTO CENTRÍFUGO SOB FREQÜÊNCIA VARIÁVELJOSE ALBERTO AVELINO DA SILVA 25 January 2008 (has links)
[pt] Uma bomba centrífuga, depois de concluída a sua
instalação, deve vencer uma elevação constante. A variação
da rotação vai alterar diretamente a descarga. Como bomba
centrífuga é acionada por motor de indução, a variação da
freqüência não acarreta variação proporcional na rotação
devido a que a nova rotação implica em outro valor da
descarga que somente ocorre com torque diferente do
anterior e em conseqüência, o deslizamento deve se ajustar
para igualar o torque fornecido pelo motor com o novo
torque requerido pela bomba.
A análise parte dos estudos que relacionam a descarga com
a rotação para relacionar a descarga com a freqüência. / [en] Once installation is concluded, a centrifugal pump should
withstand constant head. The variation of rotation
directly alters the discharge. Since centrifugal pump
operates by induction motor, the variation in frequency
does not lead to proporcional variation in rotation due to
the new rotation being of another discharge value which
only occurs with a different torque. Consequently, the
sllep should adjust itself to equalize the torque provided
by the motor to the new torque required by the pump.
The analisis derives from studies which related the
discharge to the rotation in order to relate the discharge
to the frequency.
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[en] CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT INDUCTION MOTOR CONTROL USING ELECTRONIC INVERSORS / [pt] CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O CONTROLE DOS MOTORES DE INDUÇÃO ALIMENTADOS POR INVERSORES ELETRÔNICOSJAIME ANTONIO GONZALEZ CASTELLANOS 04 November 2005 (has links)
[pt] Os motores de indução são as máquinas mais utilizadas
nos
acionamentos industriais elétricas devido a sua
simplicidade, robustez, maior relação torque/corrente,
baixa manutenção, etc. Sua aceitação e aplicação em
acionamentos com velocidade variável têm sido possível
com
o desenvolvimento da eletrônica de potência. Atualmente,
muitos acionamentos utilizam diversas técnicas para
lograr
o controle de velocidade por variação da freqüência da
rede de alimentação, sendo que o controle vetorial é o
mais comum. O presente trabalho, centra-se no estudo do
desenvolvimento do motor de indução sob a aplicação do
controle de velocidade, através da análise dos
parâmetros
necessários para realizar o dito controle na faixa de
baixa velocidade, sem sensor de velocidade e/ou de
posição. O trabalho inicia-se com o estudo das
principais
características funcionamento do motor de indução. Em
seguida, a partir do modelo matemático do motor de
indução, são analisados os diferentes tipos de controle
de
velocidade, com especial ênfase na variação da
velocidade
através da variação da freqüência. Finalmente, são
estudados os parâmetros e métodos para o controle de
velocidade sem sensor. O estudo é validado com diversas
simulações realizadas no programa MatLab. / [en] The induction motors are the most commonly used eletric
motors in the electrical industrial systems due its
simplicity, robustness, greater torque/current ratio, low
maintenance, etc. its acceptance and applications in
operations with variable speed has been possible with the
power electronics development. Currently, most of
operations use several techniques to achieve the speed
control by variable frequency of the power supply with
vectorial control being the most common.
The present work is centered in the study and
development of the induction drive in speed control
application, with the analysis of the necessary parameters
to control in low speed band, without speed and/or
position sensor.
The work starts with the study of main functioning
characteristic of the motor. After that, from the
mathematical model of the induction motor, different speed
control techniques are analyzed, with special emphasis in
speed variation with variable frequency. Finally, the
parameters and methods for sensor less control are
studied. The study is variation with several simulations
made Matlab program.
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[en] CONTRIBUITIONS TO THE LOAD MODELLING FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY STUDIES / [pt] CONTRIBUIÇÕES À MODELAGEM DE CARGAS PARA ESTUDOS DE ESTABILIDADE TRANSITÓRIAADELIO JOSE DE MORAES 24 May 2006 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho, relacionado com a área de modelagem de
cargas para estudos de estabilidade transitória de
sistemas elétricos, tem por objetivo discutir a adequação
dos modelos clássicos normalmente utilizados, bem como o
aprimoramento e desenvolvimento de representações para
cargas com características específicas.
Inicialmente, são enfocados os aspectos das representações
clássicas de cargas e, através de desenvolvimentos
teóricos e estudos computacionais, ressaltadas as
adequações destas estratégias ao contexto atual.
Reconhecendo algumas limitações quanto às técnicas para a
obtenção dos parâmetros de motores de indução, apresenta-
se procedimentos sistematizados para o tratamento destes
componentes de carga.
Tendo em vista a busca da melhoria de modelos e respostas
aos questionamentos a respeito da relevância da inclusão
dos efeitos da variação da freqüência sobre as cargas e
parâmetros da rede, o trabalho prossegue com investigações
nesta direção.
Objetivando a análise do desempenho dos modelos
simplificados de cargas através de funções algébricas, são
discutidas as propostas atuais e verificadas suas
adequações aos estudos de estabilidade.
Finalmente, considerando a importância atual das cargas
conversoras estáticas, são desenvolvidos modelos
apropriados e realizados os estudos necessários à
incorporação de unidades retificadoras em programas de
estabilidade. / [en] This work, involved with the load modeling for electrical
system transiente stability analysis, aim to discuss the
classical load models normally used, and to develop and
improve representations of specific types of loads.
Initially, aspects concerned with classical load
representations are dealt with aiming to evaluate, through
theoretical and computational analyses, the current
employment of such models. Knowing that the techiques to
obtain induction motor parameters are still deficient,
this work presents some systematic procedures for the
treatment of such loads.
Additionally, it continues seeking improvements in
electrical system component models and answers to the
questions about the need for inclusion of the frequency
variation effects on loads and network parameters.
Moreover, it takes into account the tendencies of using
simplified load models represented by algebraic
expressions. Some recent proposals in this area are
discussed and tested with a view to acess the perfomance
of the models in stability studies.
Finally, considering the present importance of static load
converters, it is developed the related models and
presented the necessary studies to include rectifier units
in stability programs.
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Impact du vrillage sur les forces électromagnétiques dans l’entrefer : Applications aux machines asynchrones / Impact of skewing on magnetic forces in the airgap : Application to induction machinesDespret, Ghislain, Noël, Henri 18 April 2018 (has links)
La machine asynchrone est à ce jour la référence dans les moteurs de traction ferroviaire. De nombreuses contraintes dictées par des normes notamment au niveau du bruit acoustique poussent l’industrie à développer des moteurs plus silencieux. Le vrillage connu pour réduire les ondulations de couple semble apporter également une réelle solution afin de diminuer les vibrations et le bruit émis par la machine. C’est dans ce contexte que ce projet en collaboration avec Alstom-Transport situé à Ornans et le soutien de MEDEE (pôle régional sur la maitrise énergétique) est réalisé. Cette thèse se focalise plus particulièrement sur le calcul des forces électromagnétiques dans l’entrefer à l’origine des vibrations, du bruit et du couple. Des modèles analytiques et à éléments finis estimant les forces électromagnétiques et intégrant le vrillage sont présentés et confrontés à des mesures expérimentales de vibration, de bruit et de couple. Les modèles utilisés sont valables pour les machines asynchrones à cage d’écureuil mais sont facilement adaptables pour les machines synchrones. Ils permettent de comprendre l’origine des forces électromagnétiques responsables du bruit et de trouver des configurations de machines moins bruyantes en jouant sur divers paramètres tels que : le vrillage, mais aussi le nombre de paires de pôles, le nombre d’encoches au stator et au rotor, la forme des encoches, la distribution du bobinage, etc. / The induction machine is the reference in railway traction motors. Numerous constraints dictated by standards, particularly regarding acoustic noise, are driving the industry to develop quieter engines. The skewing known to reduce torque ripples seems to also provide a real solution to reduce vibration and noise emitted by the machine. In this context, the project is realized in collaboration with Alstom-Transport located in Ornans with the support of MEDEE (regional pole on energy control). This thesis focuses on the calculation of magnetic forces in the air gap which originate vibration, noise and torque. Analytical and finite element models, which estimate electromagnetic forces and integrate skewing, are presented and compared with experimental measurements of vibration, noise and torque. The models used are valid for the squirrel-cage induction machines but are easily adaptable for synchronous machines. This allows one to understand the origin of the electromagnetic forces responsible for the noise, and to find configurations of less noisy machines. Various parameters such as skewing can be modified to reach this goal, as well as the number of pole pairs, the stator and rotor teeth number, the slot shape, the winding distribution, and so on.
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A New High-Frequency Injection Method for Sensorless Control of Doubly-Fed Induction MachinesInoa, Ernesto 26 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Diagnosis of electric induction machines in non-stationary regimes working in randomly changing conditionsVedreño Santos, Francisco Jose 02 December 2013 (has links)
Tradicionalmente, la detección de faltas en máquinas eléctricas se basa en el uso de la Transformada Rápida de Fourier ya que la mayoría de las faltas pueden ser diagnosticadas con ella con seguridad si las máquinas operan en condiciones de régimen estacionario durante un intervalo de tiempo razonable.
Sin embargo, para aplicaciones en las que las máquinas operan en condiciones de carga y velocidad fluctuantes (condiciones no estacionarias) como por ejemplo los aerogeneradores, el uso de la Transformada Rápida de Fourier debe ser reemplazado por otras técnicas.
La presente tesis desarrolla una nueva metodología para el diagnóstico de máquinas de inducción de rotor de jaula y rotor bobinado operando en condiciones no estacionarias, basada en el análisis de las componentes de falta de las corrientes en el plano deslizamiento frecuencia. La técnica es aplicada al diagnóstico de asimetrías estatóricas, rotóricas y también para la falta de excentricidad mixta.
El diagnóstico de las máquinas eléctricas en el dominio deslizamiento-frecuencia confiere un carácter universal a la metodología ya que puede diagnosticar máquinas eléctricas independientemente de sus características, del modo en el que la velocidad de la máquina varía y de su modo de funcionamiento (motor o generador).
El desarrollo de la metodología conlleva las siguientes etapas:
(i) Caracterización de las evoluciones de las componentes de falta de asimetría estatórica, rotórica y excentricidad mixta para las máquinas de inducción de rotores de jaula y bobinados en función de la velocidad (deslizamiento) y la frecuencia de alimentación de la red a la que está conectada la máquina.
(ii) Debido a la importancia del procesado de la señal, se realiza una introducción a los conceptos básicos del procesado de señal antes de centrarse en las técnicas actuales de procesado de señal para el diagnóstico de máquinas eléctricas.
(iii) La extracción de las componentes de falta se lleva a cabo a través de tres técnicas de filtrado diferentes: filtros basados en la Transformada Discreta Wavelet, en la Transformada Wavelet Packet y con una nueva técnica de filtrado propuesta en esta tesis, el Filtrado Espectral. Las dos primeras técnicas de filtrado extraen las componentes de falta en el dominio del tiempo mientras que la nueva técnica de filtrado realiza la extracción en el dominio de la frecuencia.
(iv) La extracción de las componentes de falta, en algunos casos, conlleva el desplazamiento de la frecuencia de las componentes de falta. El desplazamiento de la frecuencia se realiza a través de dos técnicas: el Teorema del Desplazamiento de la Frecuencia y la Transformada Hilbert.
(v) A diferencia de otras técnicas ya desarrolladas, la metodología propuesta no se basa exclusivamente en el cálculo de la energía de la componente de falta sino que también estudia la evolución de la frecuencia instantánea de ellas, calculándola a través de dos técnicas diferentes (la Transformada Hilbert y el operador Teager-Kaiser), frente al deslizamiento. La representación de la frecuencia instantánea frente al deslizamiento elimina la posibilidad de diagnósticos falsos positivos mejorando la precisión y la calidad del diagnóstico. Además, la representación de la frecuencia instantánea frente al deslizamiento permite realizar diagnósticos cualitativos que son rápidos y requieren bajos requisitos computacionales.
(vi) Finalmente, debido a la importancia de la automatización de los procesos industriales y para evitar la posible divergencia presente en el diagnóstico cualitativo, tres parámetros objetivos de diagnóstico son desarrollados: el parámetro de la energía, el coeficiente de similitud y los parámetros de regresión. El parámetro de la energía cuantifica la severidad de la falta según su valor y es calculado en el dominio del tiempo y en el dominio de la frecuencia (consecuencia de la extracción de las componentes de falta en el dominio de la frecuencia). El coeficiente de similitud y los parámetros de regresión son parámetros objetivos que permiten descartar diagnósticos falsos positivos aumentando la robustez de la metodología propuesta.
La metodología de diagnóstico propuesta se valida experimentalmente para las faltas de asimetría estatórica y rotórica y para el fallo de excentricidad mixta en máquinas de inducción de rotor de jaula y rotor bobinado alimentadas desde la red eléctrica y desde convertidores de frecuencia en condiciones no estacionarias estocásticas. / Vedreño Santos, FJ. (2013). Diagnosis of electric induction machines in non-stationary regimes working in randomly changing conditions [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34177
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Analysis of the dynamics of the linear-and-rotary-motion energy-conversion systems with active DC excitationHe, Lijun 07 January 2016 (has links)
The objective of the dissertation is to develop simplified analytical models for typical linear-motion and rotary-motion energy-conversion systems under active DC excitation without tedious numerical-simulation effort, and provide practical implementation of the models in optimal-design and thermal-protection aspects.
The model of a vacuum automatic circuit recloser (a typical linear-motion system under DC excitation) is first developed in the form of a non-linear discontinuous eighth-order dynamic system. The model is then used to simulate the transient mechanical and electromagnetic performance during the opening and closing movements of the recloser. Such a model is not found in the literature.
Although the model is based on certain simplifying assumptions, the result is validated by high-speed-camera measurements. In addition, the impact of key design variables is explored, based on which an improved recloser design is proposed, and helps to optimize capital and production costs without degrading performance.
Further analytical investigation is carried out in modeling an inverter-fed induction motor (IM) (a typical rotary-motion system) with active DC injection. The IM is closed-loop controlled via two popular motor-control algorithms, namely, the direct-torque-control (DTC) algorithm and field-oriented-control (FOC) algorithm. Quantitative relationships between the changes of various machine variables during the active DC excitation are provided in the theoretical analysis. The developed DC-injection model is further simplified for practical implementation.
The developed IM model under DC injection results in practical ways to excite a proper amount of DC current directly or indirectly into IM stator windings via different closed-loop motor-control algorithms. In a DTC motor-drive system, the modeling work makes it possible to excite the DC current indirectly inside the motor by superimposing a stator-flux-linkage-bias command in the flux-control loop or a torque-ripple command in the torque-control loop. The proposed flux-linkage-injection and torque-injection methods are the first novel efforts to implement the DC-signal-injection method in a DTC motor-drive system. In addition, the analysis carried out in a standard FOC drive system brings about an improved DC-current-injection approach: the torque ripple in this method is significantly mitigated compared to all existing DC-injection methods in FOC systems.
The proposed DC-injection methods, either in a DTC or an FOC system, lead to a simple, low-cost, accurate, and non-invasive thermal-monitoring scheme for closed-loop-controlled IMs, where the stator temperature is indirectly estimated from stator resistance.
Furthermore, considering inverter non-idealities, there is a challenge for a typical inverter drive to accurately estimate the DC component of motor terminal voltages. The existing methods are extended to provide a complete study of the real-time signal-processing technique for both DTC and FOC algorithms, and are finally implemented in a custom-built programmable motor-drive system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique gives accurate and robust stator-temperature estimation, regardless of the operating conditions and cooling modes.
The analytical modeling method for the linear-motion and rotary-motion energy-conversion systems can be further extended to other power devices with similar mechanisms, and implemented in optimal design, control, and thermal-protection areas.
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Thermal Analysis and Management of High-Performance Electrical MachinesNategh, Shafigh January 2013 (has links)
This thesis deals with thermal management aspects of electric machinery used in high-performance applications with particular focus put on electric machines designed for hybrid electric vehicle applications. In the first part of this thesis, new thermal models of liquid (water and oil) cooled electric machines are proposed. The proposed thermal models are based on a combination of lumped parameter (LP) and numerical methods. As a first case study, a permanent-magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMaSRM) equipped with a housing water jacket is considered. Particular focus is put on the stator winding and a thermal model is proposed that divides the stator slot into a number of elliptical copper and impregna- tion layers. Additionally, an analysis, using results from a proposed simplified thermal finite element (FE) model representing only a single slot of the sta- tor and its corresponding end winding, is presented in which the number of layers and the proper connection between the parts of the LP thermal model representing the end winding and the active part of winding are determined. The approach is attractive due to its simplicity and the fact that it closely models the actual temperature distribution for common slot geometries. An oil-cooled induction machine where the oil is in direct contact with the stator laminations is also considered. Here, a multi-segment structure is proposed that divides the stator, winding and cooling system into a number of an- gular segments. Thereby, the circumferential temperature variation due to the nonuniform distribution of the coolant in the cooling channels can be predicted. In the second part of this thesis, the thermal impact of using different winding impregnation and steel lamination materials is studied. Conven- tional varnish, epoxy and a silicone based thermally conductive impregnation material are investigated and the resulting temperature distributions in three small induction machines are compared. The thermal impact of using different steel lamination materials is investigated by simulations using the developed thermal model of the water cooled PMaSRM. The differences in alloy con- tents and steel lamination thickness are studied separately and a comparison between the produced iron losses and the resulting hot-spot temperatures is presented. Finally, FE-based approaches for estimating the induced magnet eddycurrent losses in the rotor of the considered PMaSRM are reviewed and compared in the form of a case study based on simulations. A simplified three-dimensional FE model and an analytical model, both combined with time-domain 2D FE analysis, are shown to predict the induced eddy current losses with a relatively good accuracy compared to a complete 3D FE based model. Hence, the two simplified approaches are promising which motivates a possible future experimental verification. / <p>QC 20130528</p>
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