No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

"This study was conducted to find the extent to which girls are involved in industrial arts classes and related activities in Texas public schools, the factors which limit their enrollment, and teachers' opinions concerning industrial arts experiences most beneficial for girls. Data were obtained from bulletins, books, magazines, related studies, and from information forms completed by 123 industrial arts teachers....Among the more important findings were: 1. Girls tend to enroll in certain areas of industrial arts with little or no participation in other areas. 2. A large majority of the respondents indicated they would be receptive to teaching industrial arts to girls. 3. The respondents indicated industrial arts would be of great value to girls. 4. The optimum number of industrial arts credits for girls is one or two. 5. Girls should be taught in mixed classes. 6. The realization of the states objectives of industrial arts is of equal value to boys and girls. 7. Many girls have negative feelings toward becoming involved in industrial arts. 8. Exchange units and unified arts programs are of value to girls and boys." --p. 2

The primary purpose of the study was to identify major causes and subsequent effects of curriculum lag in industrial-technical education. The subsidiary purpose of the study was to compare hierarchical rankings of major causes of curriculum lag in industrial-technical education as perceived by superintendents, secondary school principals, and industrial-technical education teachers in Indiana public school systems.Usable data collected by questionnaire from 406 out of 540 sample subjects were computed to generate respective rank hierarchies of selected twenty causes of curriculum lag in industrial-technical programs. Decisions about two Null Hypotheses were made at 0.05 level by use of multivariate, univariate, and chi-square analyses.Findings1. Superintendents, principals, and industrial-technical teachers were in agreement that three most severe causes of curriculum lag in Indiana secondary industrial-technical programs were inadequate funding, outdated laboratory equipment, and lack of in-service training for industrial-technical teachers.2. Ninety percent agreement occurred between the three respondent groups on ten most severe or ten least severe causes of curriculum lag in Indiana secondary industrial-technical programs.3. As perceived by teachers, inadequate funding and lack of in-service training opportunities affected school corporations with smaller enrollments than school corporations with larger figures.4. There were no significant differences between sizes of school corporations and causes of curriculum lag in industrial-technical programs as perceived by school administrators.5. Items involving structuring of courses, students' interest to study, and evaluation process were ranked as three least severe problem's in industrial-technical education. Sixty-seven percent agreement occurred between the respondent groups in ranking the last three severe problems.Conclusions1. Indiana public high schools are not funded for industrial-technical programs.2. Indiana industrial-technical education teachers are not offered opportunities to improve already acquired skills through in-service training programs.3. Industrial-technical programs are taught with outdated equipment in Indiana secondary schools.4. Lack of funds and in-service training for industrial-technical teachers affected smaller school corporations more than larger school corporations.Additional observations made during the study were presented.

L'épanouissement économique des manufactures de céramiques françaises tout au long du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle est propice à la revalorisation des valeurs industrielles au sein des arts décoratifs. Les industriels s’appliquent à fournir des produits de qualité à moindre coût, à toutes les classes, grâce aux améliorations techniques et à l'abaissement des coûts des techniques décoratives. À partir des années 1860, les productions japonisantes participant à ce phénomène se diffusent dans les intérieurs bourgeois et entrent dans un cadre plus général : celui des productions céramiques reproduites à grande échelle, mises en œuvre par des fabriques à Paris et en province tout au long de la période concernée, y compris durant l'entre deux-guerres. En privilégiant dans un même mouvement collectif tel style, telle forme et tel décor, les différents milieux fournissaient aux fabricants et aux créateurs de modèles une direction à suivre dans la production du japonisme en céramique. Les artistes industriels ont dès lors cherché à surmonter la fracture entre art d'élite et goût populaire. Ces nouveaux objets peu coûteux devaient correspondre à des critères esthétiques et pratiques très hétérogènes. La stratégie commerciale des manufactures de céramiques et des centres de distribution a de fait été façonnée en conséquence. Le bibelot en céramique, facilement manipulable, illustre par ailleurs les représentations d’un pays imaginé et appréhendé de manière collective grâce aux expositions, au cinéma, au théâtre et à la littérature. Ces images contribuent à l’émergence d’une culture populaire urbaine dont le caractère commercial est assumé ; en ce sens, cette céramique fait partie de l’univers du « kitsch » en tant que communication de masse utilisée par la classe moyenne. / The economic growth of manufacturing earthenware and porcelain in the province triggered a flourishing industrial standard in the decorative arts. The Beautiful and Industry are the two new values inseparable, celebrated by the production of French ceramics until the end of the first half of the twentieth century. Manufacturers want to provide quality products at lower costs to all classes. Improvements in ceramic materials and technical casting, as well as lowering the cost of decorative techniques, have encouraged the opening up the hierarchy of decorative arts. These new technical processes took part in the improvement of living conditions of the bourgeoisie and smaller classes. Japanese style productions were large-scale diffused in bourgeois interiors since 1860’s. These works fall into a broader context: the large-scale pottery production, implemented by factories in Paris and the provinces throughout the period, including during the interwar period. Industrialization brings to market products that must seek the attention of all classes. These inexpensive items had to correspond to aesthetic and practical heterogeneous criterion. By focusing on the same style as collective motion, such as shape and decoration, the different environments provided producers a direction to follow in models making. Business strategy of manufacturing has been designed accordingly. The ceramics “curio”, easy to handle, illustrates the representations of an imagined and apprehended country in a collective way thanks to exhibitions, movies, plays and literature. These representations contribute to the emergence of an urban popular culture whose commercial character is clearly assumed. This ceramics is part of the universe of “kitsch” as mass communications used by the middle class.

L’administrateur de la manufacture de Sèvres, Alexandre Brongniart, ouvrait au public en 1824 le musée royal céramique et vitrique, envisagé dès 1802, et qui se voulait d’un genre nouveau. À vocation encyclopédique, dans l’esprit des Lumières, il ambitionnait de présenter les céramiques de tous les lieux et de tous les temps afin de former les ouvriers et les artistes. L’histoire de l’institution, que nous avons souhaité retracer et analyser sur plus d’un siècle, n’est pas linéaire et son évolution se dessine au gré des changements économiques, esthétiques ou des bouleversements politiques. Dès lors, notre étude entreprend de montrer de quelle manière se construit le passage d’un musée technique créé par un naturaliste évoluant au sein du Muséum, vers une construction vouée entièrement à l’art, à la mise en patrimoine de la céramique, au monde du collectionnisme. Les nombreux legs et donations d’amateurs, la nomination du collectionneur Champfleury à sa direction, le développement de recherches historiques sur ce domaine artistique, sont autant de facteurs qui vont contribuer à façonner le musée en ce XIXe siècle fasciné par l’objet manufacturé. À travers ces pistes de recherche, notre approche consiste à étudier le rôle de cet établissement dans un contexte d’essor industriel et d’un intérêt nouveau pour les « arts mineurs ». Ainsi, nous proposons, par le biais de ce travail, de contribuer aux réflexions, toujours actuelles, sur les interactions entre l’art et l’industrie. / The Musée Céramique et Vitrique was opened to the public in 1824 by Alexandre Brongniart, the administrator of the Sèvres manufactory. The museum was conceptualized in 1802, and aimed to be of a new sort. In the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment Brongniart aimed to create an encyclopaedia of ceramic education and skills for future ceramics workers and artists. We have attempted to redraw and analyze the history of the institution for over a century, and we have discovered that it does not follow a linear path. The evolution of the institution was influenced by economic, aesthetic, and political upheavals. Our current study attempts to show how a museum, created by a naturalist and dedicated to technical knowledge, evolved to what it is now, an institution focused on the art and history of ceramics, with a lesser emphasis on collectibles. Many factors shape the museum in this XIXth century, including; the legacy and donations of amateurs, the management of collector Champfleury, and historical research on the art of ceramics. Our approach will be to study the role of the museum in the context of industrial development, and a renewed interest in the “minor arts”. Through this study, we aim to show the interactions between art and the industry.

This thesis examines the marketing and branding behaviours of a sample of microbusinesses that operate in Scotland’s diverse craft sector by examining brand narratives they create. Context of the sector is first given and demonstrates that this particular topic has received little specific attention in academic literature even though it has been recommended (Fillis 2003a; Fillis 2003b). Such an investigation also offers implications for SME marketing/ entrepreneurship in general, the creative industries in particular and craft brands’ contribution to the overall place branding of Scotland. An empirical methodology is proposed which takes a narrative phenomenological approach, generating narrative texts from depth interviews with creative producers which is subjected to a Grounded Theory approach and narrative analysis in view of craft producer typologies (Fillis 1999; Fillis 2010). The stories of makers are used to generate meaning and outputs to contribute to theory, practice and recommendations for policy. Care is taken to ensure that the testimony of participants is co-created and not entirely the result of the researcher’s interpretation even though this study is interpretive in nature (Rae & Carswell 2000; McAdams 2008; MacLean et al. 2011). Similar to other entrepreneurs or producers in the creative industries, the craft worker in the current era is typified as an individual sole trader who operates in a wider culture, society and economy of increasing complexity and competition (Fraser 2013). This thesis selects those owner/ managers whose businesses rely upon craft practice and are operating in Scotland as its focus, but aims its findings at a wider reach to establish themes for future research to understand how its participants build value into their market offerings by creating personal narratives within larger narratives of craft sector and creative industries discourse. A range of participants from new starts to well-established craft practitioners is featured in the text in order to give depth and breadth to the understanding of current practice in a diverse sector which increasingly interacts with other creative industry sectors (Yair & Schwarz 2011). This thesis posits that creative producers build value through their unique ‘auratic’ persona through their personal brand narrative. This is what differentiates their work and outputs from large corporatized mass-manufacturing systems. The products of individuals’ hand skill may be categorised and classified in many ways – from fine contemporary craft to the vernacular, the utile and that which pays homage to others’ designs. What remains constant, however, is that it emanates from personal identity and the identity of the maker mixing self with story (Leslie 1998). The thesis contributes to the gap in academic marketing literature on microenterprise brand development using the topics of personal narrative, business development, product development, marketing competency/ orientation, and technology use in production and marketing. Additional emergent themes of Microenterprise Social Responsibility, the role of life-work balance of makers parenthood which further ideas of career management in the creative industries are also revealed in the course of this research (see also Summerton 1990; Burroughs 2002; Neilson & Rossiter 2008; McDowell & Christopherson 2009; Banks & Hesmondhalgh 2009). Methodologically, this thesis is hybrid but crucially uses the equipment of story and narrative analysis to offer both insights into practice for the academy and a method that practitioners can use to further marketing development and their brand identity. Through the careful gathering and presentation of various stories – of biography, making and marketing, this thesis presents a current view of craft as created, communicated and exchanged by those working in the field in Scotland today. These case stories act as both informative examples that demonstrate how individual producers create value in their work. The findings are consistent with - but also develop - a maker typology offered by Fillis (1999; 2010) and Burns et al. (2012) thus contributing a methodological and conceptual approach and framework to understand the marketing and branding behaviours of Scottish craft microenterprises (McAuley 1999; Creative and Cultural Skills 2009) but which may also be applied to other types of microenterprise.

<p>This thesis is structured in six chapters. Chapter I contains an introduction and includes purpose, theory, method, and concepts. The main purpose, as depicted by the title, is to examine the roots of Swedish ideology concerning what today is generally named design, as embodied in the concept of more beautiful or better things for everyday life (in Swedish: ”vackrare vardagsvara”).</p><p>Chapter II contains a background and includes philosophical ideas and aesthetic movements in Europe which have influenced the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts (in Swedish ”Svenska Slöjdföreningen”, abbreviated SSF) which was later renamed the Swedish Society of Crafts and Design (in Swedish: ”Föreningen Svensk Form”). It considers these activities: the Arts and Crafts movement in England, the Swedish national romantic movement, Deutscher Werkbund in Germany, and Swedish moulders of public opinion and new ideas, like Ellen Key, Carl Larsson and Gregor Paulsson.</p><p>Chapter III is an ideological biography of Gregor Paulsson. The chapter deals with biographical data and ideological development, and the social aesthetical texts which were important in his activity in the National Museum and as director of The Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts. Gregor Paulsson is considered mainly in his role as social aesthetical propagandist and museologist.</p><p>Chapter IV concerns the early history and activities of the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts seen as an introduction to the Baltic Exhibition 1914, and the subsequent schism which eventually led to its reorganization and a new ideological orientation. Its activities were directed towards increased cooperation between artists and industry, and a special department was established as an employment office for companies and designers under the management of the textile artist Elsa Gullberg. This chapter also includes a brief portrait of key persons in the Society.</p><p>Chapter V is a study in several sections of the articles for everyday use seen in industrial practice, with Gustavsberg’s china factory and Orrefors’ glassworks as two separate historical studies. The 1917 Home Exhibition is surveyed as an example of the educational ambitions in the development of people’s taste. The focus of the chapter, however, is the international industrial art exhibition in Paris 1925, Exposition International des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, and the debate about it in the Swedish and French press.</p><p>Chapter VI consists of a concluding discussion with a final epilogue. It contains suggested questions for future research including relations between design and ethics.</p>

This thesis is structured in six chapters. Chapter I contains an introduction and includes purpose, theory, method, and concepts. The main purpose, as depicted by the title, is to examine the roots of Swedish ideology concerning what today is generally named design, as embodied in the concept of more beautiful or better things for everyday life (in Swedish: ”vackrare vardagsvara”). Chapter II contains a background and includes philosophical ideas and aesthetic movements in Europe which have influenced the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts (in Swedish ”Svenska Slöjdföreningen”, abbreviated SSF) which was later renamed the Swedish Society of Crafts and Design (in Swedish: ”Föreningen Svensk Form”). It considers these activities: the Arts and Crafts movement in England, the Swedish national romantic movement, Deutscher Werkbund in Germany, and Swedish moulders of public opinion and new ideas, like Ellen Key, Carl Larsson and Gregor Paulsson. Chapter III is an ideological biography of Gregor Paulsson. The chapter deals with biographical data and ideological development, and the social aesthetical texts which were important in his activity in the National Museum and as director of The Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts. Gregor Paulsson is considered mainly in his role as social aesthetical propagandist and museologist. Chapter IV concerns the early history and activities of the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts seen as an introduction to the Baltic Exhibition 1914, and the subsequent schism which eventually led to its reorganization and a new ideological orientation. Its activities were directed towards increased cooperation between artists and industry, and a special department was established as an employment office for companies and designers under the management of the textile artist Elsa Gullberg. This chapter also includes a brief portrait of key persons in the Society. Chapter V is a study in several sections of the articles for everyday use seen in industrial practice, with Gustavsberg’s china factory and Orrefors’ glassworks as two separate historical studies. The 1917 Home Exhibition is surveyed as an example of the educational ambitions in the development of people’s taste. The focus of the chapter, however, is the international industrial art exhibition in Paris 1925, Exposition International des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, and the debate about it in the Swedish and French press. Chapter VI consists of a concluding discussion with a final epilogue. It contains suggested questions for future research including relations between design and ethics.