Within the greater movement of sustainable development, industrial practices have been identified as a key area in which much improvement is both necessary and possible. The development and operation of industrial parks have become a focus of these efforts. The basic premise of this thesis is that a sustainable industrial park should function in an economically competitive manner that provides for human needs through market mechanisms while doing so in alliance with the local community, in congruence with the local ecosystem and within the carrying capacity of the planet. From a municipal planning and economic development perspective, this thesis focuses upon the development of a municipal strategy to effectuate sustainable industrial development and operations. Utilizing a blended theoretical approach incorporating general systems theory and planning theories, the proposed industrial park surrounding the Hamilton International Airport, in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, has been analyzed to develop a viable sustainability vision for the park, identify barriers to implementing and achieving that vision, and formulate a municipal strategy to promote and enable the pursuit and realization of that vision. It was found that there is an important role for the municipality to assume and numerous opportunities for concrete municipal action throughout the planning, development and operational stages of the industrial park. Upon reflection of the research process, the findings were extrapolated to garner wider applicability and relevance to other municipalities provincially, nationally, and internationally, as well as to the professional and academic community involved in industrial sustainability.

Within the greater movement of sustainable development, industrial practices have been identified as a key area in which much improvement is both necessary and possible. The development and operation of industrial parks have become a focus of these efforts. The basic premise of this thesis is that a sustainable industrial park should function in an economically competitive manner that provides for human needs through market mechanisms while doing so in alliance with the local community, in congruence with the local ecosystem and within the carrying capacity of the planet. From a municipal planning and economic development perspective, this thesis focuses upon the development of a municipal strategy to effectuate sustainable industrial development and operations. Utilizing a blended theoretical approach incorporating general systems theory and planning theories, the proposed industrial park surrounding the Hamilton International Airport, in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, has been analyzed to develop a viable sustainability vision for the park, identify barriers to implementing and achieving that vision, and formulate a municipal strategy to promote and enable the pursuit and realization of that vision. It was found that there is an important role for the municipality to assume and numerous opportunities for concrete municipal action throughout the planning, development and operational stages of the industrial park. Upon reflection of the research process, the findings were extrapolated to garner wider applicability and relevance to other municipalities provincially, nationally, and internationally, as well as to the professional and academic community involved in industrial sustainability.

工業區開發因必須耗費大量的人力､物力與財力，是以多屬於國家長期 性的投資計畫與工作，又因其是為近代促進經濟成長的主要手段，故此法 即成為二次大戰後各國為迅速恢復國力競相使用的重要方法。臺灣地區工 業區開發至今已有三十年歷史，但因早期均以改善經濟條件､促進經濟成 長為主要指標，而鮮少慮及其他相關配合層面之考量，是以近年來不斷發 生公害､汙染事宜，而在民眾環保意識日漸高張的情況下，抗爭事件亦日 益頻繁。 為減少因著重單一指標而導致之問題，故本論文進一步研究 臺灣地區未來工業區開發決策指標合理的考量方向，並以國內外相關文獻 回顧及理論探討方式，配合AHP決策法則的應用，進而得出臺灣地區工業 區開發決策指標應除經濟指標之考量外，尚須配合考量環保及社會指標， 並祈以多重指標之考量，可作為政府在未來擬定工業區開發決策指標之參 考。

Le parc industriel présente une importance prépondérante dans la littérature en science régionale et constitue un enjeu économique vital pour les pays en développement. L'expérience est d'autant plus probante que l'émergence économique de la Chine pourra s'expliquer par la construction massive des parcs industriels sur tout le territoire national depuis des années 1980. La politique chinoise des parcs industriels vise à promouvoir la croissance et l'innovation par la concentration et la mise en réseau des acteurs économiques et technologiques. Elle renvoie à la question de la colocalisation et de l'interaction, qui est étudiée par l'approche de la proximité au sujet des dynamiques localisées, et qui se renforce par une analyse des relations interpersonnelles et inter organisationnelles. Partant de cette approche, notre thèse présente trois études de cas sur les parcs industriels de Jiuquan, de Shuangliu et de Shenzhen qui ont tous une orientation sectorielle vers la manufacture des équipements pour les énergies nouvelles (éolienne, solaire et nucléaire). L'essentiel de nos données provient des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations réalisés dans deux programmes de recherche soutenus par les gouvernements locaux de la province du Gansu en Chine. Nos études empiriques nous permettent notamment d'explorer la dynamique des parcs industriels chinois fondée sur les planifications (spatiale et sectorielle) et les réformes institutionnelles, l'importance des réseaux sociaux (Guanxi) au niveau local, la relativisation des dynamiques de coordination par la stratégie d'intégration et par la rivalité entre entreprises locales du même secteur. / As a crucial economic issue for developing countries, the industrial park has a significant importance in regional science literature. Since the 1980s, China's economic emergence is related to the massive construction of industrial parks throughout the entire national territory. The Chinese industrial park policy aims to promote economic growth and innovation by concentrating and networking the economic and technological actors. It refers to the issue of colocation and interaction, which is studied by the proximity approach about localized dynamics, and which is reinforced by an analysis of interpersonal and inter-organizational relations. Based on this approach, our thesis provides three case studies about industrial parks of Jiuquan, Shuangliu and Shenzhen who all have a sectoral focus on manufacture of new energy equipments (wind, solar and nuclear). Our data comes mainly from semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted during two research programs with the support of local governments in Gansu Province. The empirical studies allow us to explore the dynamic of Chinese industrial parks based on planning (spatial and sectoral) and institutional innovation, the importance of social networks (Guanxi) at local level, the relativization of coordination dynamics by the integration strategy and rivalry between local firms in the same sector.

This thesis examines and explains multinational employers' experiences of localized shortages of skilled process workers in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), China. It explains three challenges facing SIP employers in accessing sufficient skilled process workers and their responses within HRM to such challenges. These three challenges are employers' experiences with vocational education and training (VET) deficiencies in students' skill development, employers' experiences of poaching of skilled process workers by other companies, and employers' experiences of provision of workplace training for skilled process workers in their own companies. In response to these challenges, SIP employers have adopted various HRM measures that include differing combination of recruitment and selection, employee retention, training and development, and employment relations management. These policies and practices represent the different ways that SIP employers have attempted to meet the challenges of localized skill shortages in the context of their own business strategies.

<p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur företagsparkerna Faxepark och Flygstaden, i Söderhamn, enligt följande:</p><p>Om de näringspolitiska insatserna som gjorts överrensstämmer med våra litterära studier samt om dessa områden kan definieras som kluster idag. Vi undersöker även om möjligheten till att arbeta i nätverk är orsaken till att företagen etablerar sig i företagsparkerna Faxepark och Flygstaden samt om det finns fungerande nätverk på dessa områden.</p><p>Metod: Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ undersökning med intervjuer av ledningen för respektive företagspark och dels med företag som är placerade inom områdena. Det vi undersökte var hur de jobbar med nätverksbildning inom parkerna och hur företagen ser på denna och vad som ses som fördel med företagsparker. I uppsatsens litteraturstudie redogör vi för det material som vi samlat in till vår undersökning. Till en början har vi tagit reda på litteratur om kluster, vad det är och hur det beskrivs om hur det ska tillämpas för att fungera ute i verkligheten. Därefter tar vi upp modeller över hur det är tänkt att de inblandade parterna, som är samhälle, utbildning och företag, i ett kluster ska samarbeta. Efter det har vi undersökt litteratur om olika former av nätverk och hur de ska kunna tillämpas i verkliga situationer. Empiridelen innehåller sex intervjuer, tre från varje företagspark. Intervjuerna är dels med ledningen och dels med två företag från respektive park. Anledningen till att vi intervjuade även företag inom parkerna var att vi ville få en bild av vad de som jobbade inom parkerna tyckte och inte bara få med ledningens syn.</p><p>Resultat & slutsats: Genom uppsatsen har vi kommit fram till att behovet av nätverk mellan företagen inom dessa parker inte ses som något medel för stärkt konkurrenskraft. Detta trots att den litteratur vi studerat klart och entydigt håller det som ett starkt argument för att samarbeta och skapa konkurrensfördelar. Företagen vill främst ha en bra plattform för att etablera sitt företag på med anpassade lokaler och bra service som främsta argument för en etablering.</p><p>Förslag till fortsattforskning: Vi anser att det vore intressant att undersöka företagsparker i andra delar av landet för att se om det finns ett intresse för det här med nätverk och klustertankar inom dessa.</p><p>Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har gett en ny insikt om orsaker till varför företag i Söderhamn etablerar sig i företagsparker.</p> / <p>Aim: The aim with this thesis is to study the industrial parks Faxepark and Flygstaden in Söderhamn, as follows:</p><p>If the efforts from the economic policies have been made, correspond with our literary studies and also if these parks can be defined as clusters today. We also study if the opportunity to work in a network with other companies is the reason why companies establish in the industrial parks Faxepark and Flygstaden. We also study if there are any working networks in these parks today.</p><p>Method: We chose to do a qualitative study there we interviewed persons in a leading position in each park and also with companies within the parks. What we study was how they are working with networking within the parks and what the companies think about it and what they see as an advantage of being placed in an industrial park. In the thesis literary study we account for the material that we gathered for our study. At a beginning we gathered literature about cluster, what it is and how it’s described to apply it to real live conditions. Thereafter we have models over how it’s thought that the involved parts of a cluster, that is society, education and companies, should act together. After that we studied literature about different types of network solutions and how they can be applied in real live situations.</p><p>The empiric part holds six interviews, three from each industrial park. The interviews are both with leading persons and also with two companies within each park. The reason to that we even interviewed companies within the park where that we wanted to get a picture of what the companies thought and not just get the view from the leading persons.</p><p>Result & Conclusions: The study has shown that the dependence for network solutions between companies in industrial parks is no need for gained competitive advance. Compared to our literature study that indicates that network is a strong argument for gaining competitive advances. The companies are more interested in special suited premises and good service as the biggest reasons for establishing in industrial parks.</p><p>Suggestions for future research: We think it would be interesting to study industrial parks in different areas in Sweden to see the how the interest for network and cluster are there.</p><p>Contribution of the thesis: The essay gives new explanations why companies in Söderhamn establish in industrial parks.</p>

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur företagsparkerna Faxepark och Flygstaden, i Söderhamn, enligt följande: Om de näringspolitiska insatserna som gjorts överrensstämmer med våra litterära studier samt om dessa områden kan definieras som kluster idag. Vi undersöker även om möjligheten till att arbeta i nätverk är orsaken till att företagen etablerar sig i företagsparkerna Faxepark och Flygstaden samt om det finns fungerande nätverk på dessa områden. Metod: Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ undersökning med intervjuer av ledningen för respektive företagspark och dels med företag som är placerade inom områdena. Det vi undersökte var hur de jobbar med nätverksbildning inom parkerna och hur företagen ser på denna och vad som ses som fördel med företagsparker. I uppsatsens litteraturstudie redogör vi för det material som vi samlat in till vår undersökning. Till en början har vi tagit reda på litteratur om kluster, vad det är och hur det beskrivs om hur det ska tillämpas för att fungera ute i verkligheten. Därefter tar vi upp modeller över hur det är tänkt att de inblandade parterna, som är samhälle, utbildning och företag, i ett kluster ska samarbeta. Efter det har vi undersökt litteratur om olika former av nätverk och hur de ska kunna tillämpas i verkliga situationer. Empiridelen innehåller sex intervjuer, tre från varje företagspark. Intervjuerna är dels med ledningen och dels med två företag från respektive park. Anledningen till att vi intervjuade även företag inom parkerna var att vi ville få en bild av vad de som jobbade inom parkerna tyckte och inte bara få med ledningens syn. Resultat &amp; slutsats: Genom uppsatsen har vi kommit fram till att behovet av nätverk mellan företagen inom dessa parker inte ses som något medel för stärkt konkurrenskraft. Detta trots att den litteratur vi studerat klart och entydigt håller det som ett starkt argument för att samarbeta och skapa konkurrensfördelar. Företagen vill främst ha en bra plattform för att etablera sitt företag på med anpassade lokaler och bra service som främsta argument för en etablering. Förslag till fortsattforskning: Vi anser att det vore intressant att undersöka företagsparker i andra delar av landet för att se om det finns ett intresse för det här med nätverk och klustertankar inom dessa. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har gett en ny insikt om orsaker till varför företag i Söderhamn etablerar sig i företagsparker. / Aim: The aim with this thesis is to study the industrial parks Faxepark and Flygstaden in Söderhamn, as follows: If the efforts from the economic policies have been made, correspond with our literary studies and also if these parks can be defined as clusters today. We also study if the opportunity to work in a network with other companies is the reason why companies establish in the industrial parks Faxepark and Flygstaden. We also study if there are any working networks in these parks today. Method: We chose to do a qualitative study there we interviewed persons in a leading position in each park and also with companies within the parks. What we study was how they are working with networking within the parks and what the companies think about it and what they see as an advantage of being placed in an industrial park. In the thesis literary study we account for the material that we gathered for our study. At a beginning we gathered literature about cluster, what it is and how it’s described to apply it to real live conditions. Thereafter we have models over how it’s thought that the involved parts of a cluster, that is society, education and companies, should act together. After that we studied literature about different types of network solutions and how they can be applied in real live situations. The empiric part holds six interviews, three from each industrial park. The interviews are both with leading persons and also with two companies within each park. The reason to that we even interviewed companies within the park where that we wanted to get a picture of what the companies thought and not just get the view from the leading persons. Result &amp; Conclusions: The study has shown that the dependence for network solutions between companies in industrial parks is no need for gained competitive advance. Compared to our literature study that indicates that network is a strong argument for gaining competitive advances. The companies are more interested in special suited premises and good service as the biggest reasons for establishing in industrial parks. Suggestions for future research: We think it would be interesting to study industrial parks in different areas in Sweden to see the how the interest for network and cluster are there. Contribution of the thesis: The essay gives new explanations why companies in Söderhamn establish in industrial parks.

Abstract With the decoding of human genome, biotechnology has been regarded as to be one of the most prospective technologies in the next decades. Many countries have actively undertaken various R&D projects in order to get the leading position in this field. According to American and European experience in developing biotechnology industry, the development of biotechnology park serves the purposes of bettering production environment domestically and drawing international investment. The main purpose of the study is to find the optimal location of biotechnology park. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which has the characteristic with multi-criteria, indefinite, group decision-making, qualitative, this study has established an evaluation structure for development preference order based on biotechnology industry, science-based industrial park and location theory. The empirical study find out that the preference order from high to low of the priorities of the location choice factors is ¡§human resource,¡¨ ¡§R&D environment,¡¨ ¡§industrial environment,¡¨ ¡§public facilities¡¨ and ¡§communications and transportation.¡¨ And that the preference order from high to low of the optimal location of biotechnology industry is ¡§Hsin-Chu Science-based Park,¡¨ ¡§South Science-based Park¡¨ and ¡§Central Science-based Park.¡¨

With globalization and knowledge economy, distance between spaces and obstacles to social and economic activities are reduced, however, R&D activities and technology diffusion of high-tech industry still rely on face-to-face communication. Geographical proximity and social networks are still beneficial to share technology and decrease transaction costs, so clustering of high-tech industry is still popular in the world. The research based on the concept of social embeddedness aims to discuss whether cultural atmosphere and social networks influence the fluidity of labor market, and to know how the fluidity of high-tech personnel and technology learning work on the vertically-integrated optoelectronic system in the Southern Taiwan Science-based Industrial Park. The research compares the results of questionnaire and interview with the existing literature to paint a configuration of the fluid labor market and further to discuss the interaction between the labor market activities and high-tech development in the Southern Taiwan Science-based Industrial Park. At last, it comes to the conclusion of the differences and commons in different industrial districts by comparing labor market activities. The result shows that employees think job-change is an acceptable value and phenomenon in the Southern Taiwan Science-based Industrial Park. Thus the cultural atmosphere will render the fluidity of labor market easy. Due to the industrial cluster forming a labor pooling, job-related information is concentrated and job-change costs are decreased. In addition, workers usually seek and get jobs by strong ties of social networks. So network embeddedness influences labor market activities. The more conveniently job information flows, the higher possibility of workers¡¦ job mobility is. Furthermore, most employees are willing to accumulate technological knowledge and realize ideals by changing jobs. However, some contradictions including wasting educational training, exposing competitors to key technology, and nurturing new competitors coexist with the fluidity of labor market. Consequently, firms are mostly opposed to the fluid labor market. Thanks to the innovations transferred by foreign high-tech personnel, the optoelectronic system is able to escape from the obsolete technology lock-in of the system.

This study use regional development and input-output analysis investigates Luchu Base¡¦s industries in the development and operation period that impact of the southern regional. The multipliers and impact analysis was performed through regional input-output analysis for Luchu Base. The publishment of Taiwan regional input-output table has been stopped since 1981. Therefore, this study estimate the southern regional input coefficient table for year 2001 using Mathematic process Method and Location Quotient Method. Then using this input coefficient table to forecast the changes of output and employment in the southern region and each prefecture or city after Luchu Base established. Finally, this study evaluates the future development of Luchu Base for regional economy. The major finding include, the key effected industries during the development period of Luchu Base which are construction correlation industries would be fabricated metal products, non-metallic mineral products, iron and steel industries, and electronic machinery and other electronic equipments industries. In operation period, the significantly economical effects industries will be Luchu Base¡¦s planning industries that are electronic products, other industrial products, and other chemical products; especially the most output effect is electronic products industry. The significantly economical effects are finance and insurance, and trade and retail industries. The establishment of Luchu Base tends to have positively economical effects for southern region in the development and operation period.