Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Men might benefit from opportunities specific to their needs in improving access to HIV care. This is a group vulnerable to higher morbidity and mortality than their female counterparts, due not only to poor or delayed health seeking behaviour and the culture of blame for the transmission of HIV, but probably due to neglect, inadequate or poor support by the current policies, by a gender biased research agenda, by the international research community and global health funders. Objectives: The objectives of this current study were: - to explore the reasons for poor health seeking behaviour amongst African men seeking HIV care in KZN; - to establish the health care practitioners’ views about the reasons for the perceived poor health seeking behaviour amongst African men accessing HIV services in KZN; - to inform guidelines in improving access to HIV services by African men Methodology In-depth interviews were employed as the method of obtaining lived experiences, perspectives and opinions of men living with HIV and that of their health care practitioners. Results It was found that men still feared the diagnosis of being HIV positive, even with the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and the advances in managing this disease. Several reasons for this fear emerged with the common theme being the doom of impending death, social stigma and fear of abandonment as well as social marginalization. Conclusions We cannot expect to attract men to predominantly female orientated settings within health faculties. Special attempts need to be made to reach out to men in places they are comfortable being in. Messages should be clear and concise about the effectiveness of low cost, available treatment for HIV; and that early diagnosis improves health outcomes. Cultural sensitive interventions are needed that are suitable, in generating a clearer understanding of health management options and motives. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mans kan voordeel trek uit geleenthede wat spesifiek op hul behoeftes in die verbetering van toegang tot MIV-sorg. Dit is 'n groep kwesbaar vir hoër morbiditeit en mortaliteit as hul vroulike eweknieë, nie net die gevolg swak of vertraagde gesondheid gedrag en die kultuur van die blaam vir die oordrag van MIV, maar waarskynlik as gevolg van verwaarlosing, onvoldoende of swak ondersteuning deur die huidige beleid , deur 'n geslag bevooroordeeld navorsing agenda, deur die internasionale navorsing gemeenskap en globale gesondheid-befondsers. Doelstellings: Die doelwitte van die huidige studie was: - die gesondheidsorg-praktisyns se siening oor die redes vir die waargenome swak gesondheid gedrag onder-Afrikaanse mans toegang tot MIV-dienste in KZN tot stand te bring; - die redes vir swak gesondheid gedrag onder-Afrikaanse mans wat MIV-sorg in KZN te verken en - riglyne te stel in die verbetering van toegang tot MIV-dienste deur swart mans Metodes In-diepte onderhoude is gebruik as die metode van die verkryging van geleefde ervarings, perspektiewe en menings van mense wat met MIV en dié van hul gesondheidsorg praktisyns. Bevindings Daar is bevind dat mans nog bang was vir die diagnose van MIV-positief is, selfs met die koms van hoogs aktiewe antiretrovirale terapie (HAART) en die vooruitgang in die bestuur van hierdie siekte. Verskeie redes vir hierdie vrees na vore gekom met die gemeenskaplike tema synde die straf van die naderende dood, sosiale stigma en vrees vir verlating, sowel as sosiale negatief. Gevolgtrekkings Ons kan nie verwag om mense te lok om oorwegend vroulike georiënteerde instellings in gesondheid fakulteite. Spesiale pogings moet aangewend word om uit te reik na die mans in plekke waar hulle gemaklik is. Boodskappe moet duidelik en bondig oor die doeltreffendheid van lae koste, beskikbare behandeling vir MIV, en dat die vroeë diagnose verbeter gesondheid uitkomste. Kulturele sensitiewe intervensies word benodig wat geskik is, in die skep van 'n beter begrip van gesondheid opsies en motiewe.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study looked at the factors that affect HCT in provision of PMTCT services. It explored the socio cultural and personal factors that affect HCT. It also established the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS and PMTCT among pregnant women in Kabwe. The transmission of HIV from mother to child contributes largely to HIV prevalence among children. Efforts to reduce this mode of transmission include increasing number of women who know their HIV status and increasing the number of HIV positive women who when pregnant take instructions and act on them to protect their children from the possibility of infection (Bartlett et al. 2004). Individuals can only know their HIV status once they are tested for HIV. However, there are socio cultural and personal factors among other factors that affect the access of HCT. The aim of this study was to identify socio cultural and personal factors that affect HIV counseling and testing in provision of PMTCT services among pregnant women in Kabwe, in order to make recommendations for the development of an intervention program to help improve uptake of HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT services. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to conduct this study. Focus Group Discussions were conducted with groups of pregnant women that have never been tested for HIV before and Key Informant Interviews with health care workers (midwives or nurses) to ask them about factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT services among pregnant women were used. A retrospective statistical report review was also used to ascertain the accessibility rate for the HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT services. In this light, statistical report review was used to collect the number of pregnant women attending ANC and number of pregnant women receiving HIV testing. The findings of this study revealed that the pregnant women had excellent knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the update of HCT was as good as 91% among pregnant women. The research also revealed domestic violence, accusation of promiscuity by partner, abandonment by partner, and stigma & discrimination as socio factors that affect HCT in provision of PMTCT. Religion, fear disbelief of test results was revealed as personal factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT. The research revealed decision making, tradition medicines, and practices as cultural factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT. The conclusion was made that fear of abandonment by partner, fear of being accused of being promiscuous by partner, and fear of domestic violence were the main factors why some pregnant women did not accept to take an HIV test during their pregnancies. It is also concluded that most men make decisions for their families. Women in homes have no powers to make decisions, so if the husband refuses her to take a test, the wife just has to comply. It is also concluded that a person’s ability to access health related services is shaped by socio cultural and personal factors among others factors. These findings fit well with the Anderson behavioral model which describes the individual factors as having three elements that relate to the individual’s ability to access and utilize health care services. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingstudie het gekyk na die faktore wat 'n invloed HCT in die voorsiening van VMTKO dienste. Dit ondersoek die sosio-kulturele en persoonlike faktore wat HCT. Dit het ook die kennis oor MIV / VIGS en VMNKO onder swanger vroue in Kabwe. Die oordrag van MIV van moeder na kind dra grootliks by tot die voorkoms van MIV onder kinders (Bartlett et al. 2004). Pogings om hierdie wyse van oordrag te verminder sluit in toenemende aantal vroue wat hul MIV-status ken en die verhoging van die aantal MIV-positiewe vroue wat toe swanger neem instruksies en reageer op hulle om hul kinders te beskerm teen die moontlikheid van infeksie. Individue kan slegs weet wat hul MIV-status wanneer hulle getoets word vir MIV. Egter, is daar sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore onder ander faktore wees wat die toegang van HCT. Die doel van hierdie studie was om sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore wat die MIV-berading en toetsing in die voorsiening van VMTKO dienste onder swanger vroue in Kabwe te identifiseer, ten einde aanbevelings te maak vir die ontwikkeling van 'n intervensie program te help opname van MIV-berading en toetsing vir VMNKO dienste te verbeter. Beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik om hierdie studie uit te voer. Fokusgroepbesprekings is gevoer met groepe van swanger vroue wat nog nooit vir MIV getoets is voor en onderhoude met sleutelinformante met gesondheidsorgwerkersVroedvroue of verpleegsters) is gebruik om hulle te vra oor die faktore wat HCT in voorsiening van PMTCT dienste onder swanger vroue. 'n Retrospektiewe statistiese verslag review is ook gebruik om die toeganklikheid koers vir die MIV-berading en om vas te stel toetsing vir VMNKO dienste. In hierdie lig, is statistiese verslag hersiening gebruik word om die aantal swanger vroue wat die ANC en die aantal swanger vroue MIV-toetsing in te samel. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat die swanger vroue het uitstekende kennis oor MIV / VIGS en die update van HCT was so goed as 91% onder swanger vroue. Die navorsing het ook aan die lig gebring huishoudelike geweld, beskuldiging van losbandigheid deur vennoot, verlating deur vennoot, en stigma diskriminasie as sosio faktore wat 'n invloed HCT in die bepaling van die PMTCT. Godsdiens, vrees ongeloof van toetsresultate is geopenbaar as persoonlike faktore wat HCT in die voorsiening van PMTCT. Die navorsing het aan die lig gebring besluitneming, tradisie medisyne, en praktyke as kulturele faktore wat HCT in die voorsiening van PMTCT. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat vrees vir verlating deur vennoot, vrees daarvan beskuldig dat hy van promisku deur vennoot, en die vrees van huishoudelike geweld was die belangrikste faktore waarom sommige swanger vroue nie aanvaar het nie 'n MIV-toets te neem tydens hul swangerskappe. Dit is ook die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die meeste mense besluite neem vir hul families. Vroue in huise het geen magte om besluite te neem, so as die man weier om vir haar 'n toets te neem, die vrou net om daaraan te voldoen. Dit is ook die gevolgtrekking gekom dat 'n persoon se vermoë om gesondheid verwante dienste om toegang te verkry tot gevorm word deur die sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore onder andere faktore. Hierdie bevindings pas goed met die Anderson gedrags-model wat die individuele faktore beskryf met drie elemente wat betrekking het op die individu se vermoë om toegang te verkry tot en gebruik van gesondheidsorgdienste.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Please refer to full text to view abstract.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: STUDY AIM The aim of the study is to explore the psychosocial characteristics of HIV positive clients who are yet to achieve viral load suppression after six months of commencing ARV at Sundumbili CHC in order to plan positive intervention strategies. RESEARCH DESIGN Non-experimental quantitative design was used in carrying out the study. The data was collected through retrieval of information from clinic records and completion of questionnaires to clients on ARV who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participating in the study. A total of 51 adults aged more than 18 years that were initiated in 2010/2011 and still access their treatment at Sundumbili CHC were enrolled into the study. They were selected through convenience sampling. FINDINGS Psychosocial challenges still exist among research participants whose viral load results were not suppressed after six months on ARV. This affected the adherence of some of them to their antiretroviral treatment. CONCLUSION Given the rural nature of Sundumbili and surroundings where the bulk of the patients reside, there are several psychosocial challenges affecting the patients. No known previous study has been undertaken to ascertain the psychosocial characteristics of this group of patients and the impact they may have on viral load suppression after six months of treatment. The study is therefore significant as the findings have provided more insight into the plight of the patients. It is envisaged that the recommendations from the study will assist the relevant management staff in the department in planning and subsequently implementing more positive intervention strategies. The strategies should be targeted at improving the quality of care of the HIV positive clients and attending to their psychosocial needs. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: STUDIEDOELWIT Die doel van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die psigososiale kenmerke van MIV-positiewe kliënte wie se virustellings ná ses maande van antiretrovirale (ARV) behandeling by die gemeenskapsgesondheidsentrum op Sundumbili steeds nie onder beheer was nie, ten einde positiewe intervensiestrategieë te beplan. NAVORSINGSONTWERP ’n Nie-eksperimentele kwantitatiewe ontwerp is gebruik om die studie te onderneem. Die data is ingesamel deur die herwinning van inligting uit klinieklêers sowel as die afneem van vraelyste onder kliënte op ARV’s wat aan die insluitingsmaatstawwe voldoen en tot deelname aan die studie toegestem het. Altesaam 51 volwassenes bo die ouderdom van 18 wat in 2010/2011 met ARV behandeling begin het en dit steeds by Sundumbili-gemeenskapsgesondheidsentrum ontvang, is in die studie opgeneem. Dié groep is deur middel van geriefsteekproefneming gekies. BEVINDINGE Psigososiale uitdagings was steeds te bespeur by navorsingsdeelnemers wie se virustellings nog nie ná ses maande op ARV’s onder beheer was nie. Dit het sommige se behandelingsgetrouheid beïnvloed. GEVOLGTREKKING In die lig van die landelike aard van Sundumbili en omgewing, waar die meeste van die pasiënte woon, kom pasiënte voor verskeie psigososiale uitdagings te staan. Daar is klaarblyklik nog nooit vantevore ’n studie onderneem om die psigososiale kenmerke van hierdie groep pasiënte, en die moontlike impak daarvan op die onderdrukking van virustellings ná ses maande van behandeling, te bepaal nie. Hierdie studie is dus waardevol, aangesien die bevindinge groter insig in die lot van die pasiënte bied. Daar word beoog dat die aanbevelings uit die studie tersaaklike bestuurspersoneel in die Departement van Gesondheid sal help om meer positiewe intervensiestrategieë te beplan en gevolglik in werking te stel. Die strategieë behoort daarop afgestem te wees om die gehalte van sorglewering aan MIV-positiewe kliënte te verbeter en in hul psigososiale behoeftes te voorsien.

The objectives of the research were: (1) to establish the relationship between individuals’ emotional affect, career resilience and their career orientations, (2) to explore the moderating role of emotional affect in the career resilience-career orientations relationship, and (3) to determine if employees from different years of service, occupational level, gender, age and race groups differ significantly in relation to their emotional affect, career resilience and career anchors. A convenience sample (N = 143) of predominantly black African people (86%) and staff level (80%) employees with more than 10 years of service (60%) participated in the study (mean age: 41 years; men: 52%; women: 48%). Correlational analysis showed significant associations between the variables. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis indicated high positive affect as a significant moderator of the career resilience-managerial competence career anchor relationship. High negative affect and low negative affect significantly weakened the career resilience-entrepreneurial creativity, career resilience-pure challenge and career resilience-lifestyle relationships. Significant differences were detected between the years of service, age and race groups regarding the variables. The findings may potentially inform the career development of employees in the Public Service / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The tendency to use adventure-based training as an intervention medium for the improvement of the self-concept has grown rapidly over the past few years. However, research results on the effect of adventure-based training on participants' self-concepts are very contradictory. Some studies revealed significant positive improvements, while others revealed no significant differences in pre- and post-measures. The effect of adventure training on the self-concept in the military context has so far not yet been investigated in South Africa. A sound self-concept is of critical importance to young career officers, as it enables them to function with self-confidence in both their work environment and their community roles. They enter the military environment as late adolescents, which implies that the successful mastering of specific developmental tasks such as the formation of identity or self-concept, is a prerequisite for their dynamic functioning in the world of work. The aim of this study was to determine whether adventure training can indeed be utilised to enhance the self-concepts and self-efficacy of young career officers in the South African National Defence Force. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and post-post-test was used to determine the effect of a Ropes Course Development Programme on the self-concepts of young career officers. Subjects for the experimental group were selected from the young career officer population at the Military Academy (n=33) and subjects for the control group were selected from the young career officer population at the SA Army Gymnasium (n=32). Two measuring instruments were administered, during three time intervals, namely the Self-description Questionnaire III and the General Self-efficacy Scale. From the results it can be concluded that the control group did not change much during the eight-week-period of the study. Only three significant withingroup changes occurred, namely in the scores of the mathematical skills selfconcept sub-scale, in the scores of the total academic self-concept and the GSE scale. All three measurements showed a significant increase for the pretest to post-post-test time interval. The experimental group showed a number of changes between pre-test and post-test, as well as pre- and post-test to post-post-test time intervals. The SOOIII sub-scales with declining scores were the participants' self-concept regarding their verbal skills (post- to post-post-test) and academic ability (preand post-test to post-post-test). The total academic self-concept score was also significantly lower from post-test to post-post-test measurement. Scores that were positively affected over time were their self-concepts regarding their relations with parents (for pre-test to post-test), religion (for pre-test to posttest and maintained to post-post- test), the total non-academic self-concept (pre- to post-test) and the total general self-concept score (from pre- to posttest). The experimental group did not change with regard to their GSE scores. The most evident between-group differences were observed during the postpost- test on the verbal skills, academic ability, and total academic selfconcept scores (control group> experimental group), and relations with same sex self-concept scores (experimental group> control group). A significant relationship between the total SOOIII score and the GSE scale over the three time periods was observed. Highly significant r-values were obtained for both groups on all but one measurement. The final conclusion is that the Ropes Course Development Programme was not an effective intervention medium to enhance the self-concepts and selfefficacy of young career officers. There is still a need for scientific research to motivate adventure-based programmes as training intervention in the South African military context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die neiging om avontuurgerigte opleiding as ingreep vir die ontwikkeling van die selfkonsep te gebruik, het die afgelope paar jaar ingrypend toegeneem. Navorsingsresultate rakende die invloed van avontuurgerigte opleiding op deelnemers se selfkonsepte is egter teenstrydig. Sekere studies het beduidende positiewe verbeteringe aangedui, terwyl ander weer geen beduidende verskille in voor- en na-toetse getoon het nie. Die uitwerking van avontuuropleiding op die selfkonsep, is tot dusver nie binne militêre konteks in Suid-Afrika ondersoek nie. 'n Positiewe selfkonsep is van kritiese belang vir jong beroepsoffisiere, aangesien dit hulle bemagtig om met selfvertroue in sowel hul werksomgewing as hul gemeenskapsrolle te funksioneer. Hulle betree die militêre omgewing tydens adolessensie, wat impliseer dat die suksesvolle bemeestering van bepaalde ontwikkelingstake soos identiteitsvorming of die vorming van 'n selfkonsep 'n voorvereiste is om effektief in die werksomgewing te funksioneer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of avontuurgerigte opleiding wel gebruik kan word om die selfkonsepte en selfdoeltreffendheid van jong beroepsoffisiere in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te bevorder. 'n Kwasi-eksperimentele ontwerp met 'n voortoets, na-toets en na-na-toets is gebruik om die invloed van 'n Toubaan Ontwikkelingsprogram op die selfkonsep en selfdoeltreffendheid van die jong beroepsoffisiere te bepaal. Proefpersone vir die eksperimentele groep is geselekteer vanuit die groep jong beroepsoffisiere by die Militêre Akademie (n=33) en proefpersone vir die kontrolegroep is vanuit die jong beroepsoffisierpopulasie by die SA Leërgimnasium geselekteer (n=32). Twee meetinstrumente is tydens drie geleenthede geadministreer, naamlik die "Self-description Questionnaire III" (SDQIII) en die General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE). Van die resultate kan afgelei word dat die kontrolegroep nie veel verander het tydens die agt weke periode van die studie nie. Slegs drie beduidende binne- groep veranderinge het plaasgevind, naamlik in die wiskundige vaardigheid selfkonsep subskaal, in die totale akademiese selfkonsep en die Algemene Selfdoeltreffendheidtelling. AI drie tellings dui op 'n beduidende toename vir die voor-toets tot na-na-toets tydsinterval. Die eksperimentele groep het 'n beduidende aantal veranderinge getoon tussen voor- en na-toets, sowel as voor- en na-na-toets. Die SDQIII subskale wat 'n afname in tellings getoon het, was die deelnemers se selfkonsepte aangaande hulle verbale vaardighede (na-toets tot na-na-toets) en akademiese vaardigheid (voor en na-toets tot na-na-toets). Die totale akademiese selfkonseptelling was ook beduidend laer tussen die na-toets en na-na-toets meting. Tellings wat positief oor tyd beïnvloed was, was hulle selfkonsepte ten opsigte van verhoudings met ouers (vir voor-toets tot natoets, godsdiens (vir voortoets tot na-toets en in stand gehou tot na-na-toets), die totale nie-akademiese selfkonsep (voor- tot na-toets) en die totale algemene selfkonseptelling (van voor- tot na-toets). Die eksperimentele groep het nie ten opsigte van hulle GSE tellings verskil nie. Die mees klaarblyklike tussen-groep verskille in tellings is waargeneem tydens die na-na-toets met betrekking tot verbale vaardighede, akademiese vermoë, en totale akademiese selfkonseptellings (kontrole groep > eksperimentele groep) en selfkonsep betreffende verhoudinge met dieselfde geslag (eksperimentele groep> kontrole groep). 'n Betekenisvolle verband tussen die SDQIII en die GSE skale is oor die drie tydperke heen waargeneem. Hoogs beduidende r-waardes is vir albei groepe op alle metings waargeneem, met die uitsondering van een meting. Die finale bevinding dui daarop dat die Toubaan Ontwikkelingsprogram nie 'n effektiewe ingreep was om die selfkonsepte en selfdoeltreffendheid van jong beroepsoffisiere te verbeter nie. Daar bly dus steeds 'n behoefte aan wetenskaplik gefundeerde navorsing om die waarde van avontuurgerigte opleidingsprogramme in die Suid-Afrikaanse militêre konteks te motiveer.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar o nível de stress em telejornalistas, especificamente em repórteres e repórteres cinematográficos, e conhecer o grau de relação com o nível de desempenho profissional. Pretendeu-se comparar também o stress com o nível de habilidades/competências técnicas, bem como com o padrão de bom desempenho definido pela empresa e o padrão de comportamento Tipo A. Estruturaram-se três matrizes de intercorrelações demonstrando o cruzamento entre todas as variáveis da pesquisa. A amostra foi composta por 40 sujeitos: 20 repórteres (R) e 20 repórteres cinematográficos (RC), funcionários de uma mesma empresa de comunicação, localizada em São Paulo. Foi aplicado o teste LSS/VAS (lista de sintomas de stress), o teste Bepatya (comportamento Tipo A), e o instrumento de avaliação de desempenho e competência. A avaliação de desempenho compreendeu a autoavaliação do sujeito e a avaliação de duas chefias imediatas, de forma consensual. Os resultados indicaram elevada presença de sintomas de stress, nível geral de stress médio-alto, nível de freqüência médio, sinais de stress da fase de perigo agudo e elevado padrão de comportamento Tipo A. A intensidade de stress resultou em nível médio e maior no grupo R do que no grupo RC. Os resultados dos níveis de desempenho e competência concentraram-se no nível dois, ou seja, os sujeitos desempenhamse plenamente dentro do padrão definido pela emissora para os cargos pesquisados. A pesquisa demonstrou que os resultados de stress foram evidenciados em todos os níveis de desempenho dos telejornalistas e não está correlacionado diretamente a um resultado específico. A resposta dos sujeitos ao stress relaciona-se à percepção individual, capacidade de coping, personalidade, padrão de comportamento Tipo A (fatores endógenos) e fatores relacionados ao ambiente, gestão organizacional e natureza da tarefa (fatores exógenos). / The main purpose of this research was to study the stress level in journalists working on television, specially reporters and cameramen, and know the relationship level with the professional performance. The aim was also to compare the stress related to the abilities and technical competences, as well as, the good performance patterns defined by the company and the Behavior Pattern Level A. It was structured three correlation matrix showing the crossing between all the the research variables data. The sample was formed by 40 professionals: 20 reporters and 20 cameramen, all working at the same television company, located in São Paulo. It was applied the LSS/VAS test (stress symptom list), the Bepatya Test (A Type Behavior) and the professional performance and the technical capabilities instruments. The professional performance resulted by the employee self evaluation and the evaluation of managers in a consensual form. The results indicated high presence of stress symptom, medium-high stress general level, medium stress frequency, evidences of acute danger stress state and elevated Behavior Pattern Type A. The stress intensity level was medium and more intense among reporters than cameramen group. The results of performance level and competence were concentrated in level 2, and it means that, the subjects perform according to the company defined pattern for the job. The research showed stress evidences in all levels of performance in journalists working on television and no significant correlation was found between stress and professional performance. The answer to the stress is related to individual perception, coping capability, personality, behavior pattern type A, environmental factors, organizational management and job characteristics.

Este trabalho aborda a problemática da fragmentação de saberes, no contexto da complexidade. As especializações científicas, a despeito das grandes e inegáveis contribuições produzidas, em situações complexas, podem fornecer soluções insuficientes ou irrelevantes. O foco deste estudo é o processo de transformação organizacional. Este estudo está apoiado em uma pesquisa empírica que parte de uma hipótese de trabalho, desdobrada em quatro proposições: 1) o processo de transformação organizacional é complexo; 2) a complexidade implica em que os saberes necessários são de diversas naturezas; 3) conseguir integrar tal diversidade de saberes - sem anulá-la - é um dos fatores críticos para o sucesso do processo; 4) os modelos de transformação organizacional levam em conta as três proposições anteriores. Uma entrevista semi-estruturada é aplicada a profissionais envolvidos diretamente com projetos de transformação organizacional. Os dados são analisados segundo a “análise de conteúdo". O referencial teórico consiste de três vertentes: 1) Histórico das iniciativas de integração de saberes (multi-, inter- e transdisciplinaridade) e dos movimentos de integração; 2) Mapeamento das dispersões de saberes em três ramos das ciências humanas (Psicologia, Antropologia e Sociologia); 3) inventário de contribuições acadêmicas sobre transformação organizacional. Os resultados da análise confirmam a hipótese de trabalho. Uma meta-conclusão é que a academia pode se beneficiar dos saberes sobre transformação organizacional para aumentar a integração entre as suas disciplinas. / This study approaches the span of problems of fragmentation / diversity of knowledge in the context of complexity. The scientific specializations, despite great and undeniable contributions, supplies insufficient or even irrelevant solutions in complex situations. The focus in this study is the process of organizational transformation. This study is based on an empirical research that begins from a work hypothesis, unfolded in four interconnected propositions: 1. the process of organizational transformation is complex; 2. the complexity implies that the necessary knowledge for the comprehension and management of the process is from diverse natures (interest, cultural, cognitive, functional); 3. to integrate such diversity of knowledge without nullifying it is one of the critical factors for the success of the project of organizational transformation 4. the models of organizational transformation regard the three former propositions. A semi-structured interview was presented to seven professionals with more than 15 years experience and who were directly involved in very successful organizational transformation projects. The collected data was analyzed according to the “content analysis" with a categorization according to the propositions of the work hypothesis that is thus tested by the consistency of the obtained answers. The theoretical system of references consisted of three factors: 1. History of the initiation of integration of knowledge (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) and the organized movements of integration. 2. Mapping dispersions of knowledge in three main branches of the human sciences (Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology). 3. Inventory of academic contributions about organizational transformation relating to the propositions of the work hypothesis. The analysis results confirm the work hypothesis. One meta-conclusion is that the academy itself can benefit from the knowledge of the organizational transformation to increase the integration of its disciplines.

Due to the varieties in knowledge advancements nowadays, the concepts of control room have been created in different directions. These concepts have been implemented in various fields of business to increase advantages over competitors. Meanwhile, an individual company has its own experiences and strategies, the results in the actual implementation are different to the conceptual plan. Most of them were not qualified to the actual specification and expectation. These exposures lead this research to find out and discuss about the proper criteria to improve the control centers’ performance. The viewpoints used in this study are discussed based on the perspectives of control system designers, operators, and researchers to create validity for the analysis and conclusion. The final result of this research can be used to generate realization in the necessities of improving control centers to support the operators’ performances to create competitive advantages for business sectors. In conclusion, this research aspires to be used as a guideline for the control centers design and improvement strategies to increase their performance and productivities.

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