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Determining the change in income due to increased tertiary education / Christo Gert MaritzMaritz, Christo Gert January 2014 (has links)
The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the level of tertiary education
has a positive and significant impact on the level of income received. This study will
focus on determining whether each subsequent level of tertiary education causes an
increase in the likelihood of earning a higher wage, by using a multinomial logistic
regression model as well as cross-tabulation estimates. This study will also make use of
two different data samples, where the first sample is sourced from the National Income
Dynamics Study's, 2010-2011, adult wave 2 dataset, and the second sample is sourced
from a questionnaire distributed to the North-West University's School of Economics
alumni from the Potchefstroom campus. Literature indicates that there is a significant
relationship between an individual's income and variables such as gender, age, marital
status, population group, occupation, sector or industry, years of work experience,
location of employment, tenure, union membership, and, most importantly, education.
Determining the effect of these variables on the income of tertiary educated individuals,
will assist current and future graduates by providing relevant South African labour
market information as well as providing some assistance in decisions which may result
in higher future earnings. From the NIDS data set, it was found that the level of tertiary
education was significantly associated with income, and that higher levels of tertiary
education were associated with higher income categories, while lower levels of tertiary
education were associated with lower income categories. From the Alumni data set it
was concluded that the level of tertiary education was not significantly associated with
income, which could be the result of the graduation period (2009-2012) of the sample
individuals. It was also found that married individuals were more likely to have earnings
within the higher income categories, while the same result was obtained for males as
well as for those individuals who were employed in the Gauteng province. It was also
found that those individuals with an honours degree had earnings within the low income
categories, similar to those individuals with a bachelor's degree. The main factors
considered to influence the income of an individual with a tertiary qualification is gender,
age, marital status, occupation, and the level of tertiary education. / MCom (Economics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Motivation of women to participate in an income-generating project : the FLAGH programme / Lizmari van der MerweVan der Merwe, Lizmari January 2013 (has links)
There is a large amount of poverty-stricken people in South Africa, especially among female
farm dwellers. Poverty is a problem with many facets that needs a multi-dimensional
approach. One of the approaches used to alleviate poverty is through income-generating
projects (IGPs). Most IGPs reported participation difficulties which negatively affects the
sustainability of these projects. This study focuses on an IGP which forms part of the FLAGH
programme in the North West Province.
The aim of this study was to explore the motivation of women to participate in an IGP in
order to understand why they participate and whether there is an observable difference
concerning their motivation over a period of 16 months. In addition, the link between
motivation and regular and irregular participation was investigated. A multiple-phased, single
case study design, was followed to explore the motivation of purposefully selected women of
the IGP. A semi-structured questionnaire was specifically designed for this study to collect
data together with field notes, visual media and in-depth interviews.
The study consisted of three phases. The socio-demographic information obtained by the
semi-structured questionnaires provided the researcher with a profile of women who
participated in the IGP during the first phase. The photographs and field notes served as
evidence with regards to the socio-demographic and household information obtained
through the questionnaires. The semi-structured questionnaires with the structured and
open-ended questions provided insight concerning the motivational factors that influenced
their participation over a period of 16 months. During the second phase, a comparison could
be made between active and non-active participants. Differences in motivational factors
were identified which explained the participation behaviour of both groups. In-depth
interviews in phase three brought a better understanding of the motivational factors of the
regular participants concerning their experiences. Field notes also served as supporting
evidence for the results in phase three.
Results of this study provided more information and insight regarding the participation
difficulties in an IGP. Encouraging as well as discouraging motivational factors were
identified that influenced participants to participate regularly or irregular in the IGP. The
motivation that changed among participants over a period of 16 months was also identified.
These results will be used to improve current IGPs and also in the planning of future IGPs.
One of the limitations of this study was the small number of available women to observe.
This study contributes as a section in a larger process that attempts to alleviate poverty
through research on the subject in order to obtain a better understanding of difficulties found
in IGPs. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Determining the change in income due to increased tertiary education / Christo Gert MaritzMaritz, Christo Gert January 2014 (has links)
The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the level of tertiary education
has a positive and significant impact on the level of income received. This study will
focus on determining whether each subsequent level of tertiary education causes an
increase in the likelihood of earning a higher wage, by using a multinomial logistic
regression model as well as cross-tabulation estimates. This study will also make use of
two different data samples, where the first sample is sourced from the National Income
Dynamics Study's, 2010-2011, adult wave 2 dataset, and the second sample is sourced
from a questionnaire distributed to the North-West University's School of Economics
alumni from the Potchefstroom campus. Literature indicates that there is a significant
relationship between an individual's income and variables such as gender, age, marital
status, population group, occupation, sector or industry, years of work experience,
location of employment, tenure, union membership, and, most importantly, education.
Determining the effect of these variables on the income of tertiary educated individuals,
will assist current and future graduates by providing relevant South African labour
market information as well as providing some assistance in decisions which may result
in higher future earnings. From the NIDS data set, it was found that the level of tertiary
education was significantly associated with income, and that higher levels of tertiary
education were associated with higher income categories, while lower levels of tertiary
education were associated with lower income categories. From the Alumni data set it
was concluded that the level of tertiary education was not significantly associated with
income, which could be the result of the graduation period (2009-2012) of the sample
individuals. It was also found that married individuals were more likely to have earnings
within the higher income categories, while the same result was obtained for males as
well as for those individuals who were employed in the Gauteng province. It was also
found that those individuals with an honours degree had earnings within the low income
categories, similar to those individuals with a bachelor's degree. The main factors
considered to influence the income of an individual with a tertiary qualification is gender,
age, marital status, occupation, and the level of tertiary education. / MCom (Economics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Motivation of women to participate in an income-generating project : the FLAGH programme / Lizmari van der MerweVan der Merwe, Lizmari January 2013 (has links)
There is a large amount of poverty-stricken people in South Africa, especially among female
farm dwellers. Poverty is a problem with many facets that needs a multi-dimensional
approach. One of the approaches used to alleviate poverty is through income-generating
projects (IGPs). Most IGPs reported participation difficulties which negatively affects the
sustainability of these projects. This study focuses on an IGP which forms part of the FLAGH
programme in the North West Province.
The aim of this study was to explore the motivation of women to participate in an IGP in
order to understand why they participate and whether there is an observable difference
concerning their motivation over a period of 16 months. In addition, the link between
motivation and regular and irregular participation was investigated. A multiple-phased, single
case study design, was followed to explore the motivation of purposefully selected women of
the IGP. A semi-structured questionnaire was specifically designed for this study to collect
data together with field notes, visual media and in-depth interviews.
The study consisted of three phases. The socio-demographic information obtained by the
semi-structured questionnaires provided the researcher with a profile of women who
participated in the IGP during the first phase. The photographs and field notes served as
evidence with regards to the socio-demographic and household information obtained
through the questionnaires. The semi-structured questionnaires with the structured and
open-ended questions provided insight concerning the motivational factors that influenced
their participation over a period of 16 months. During the second phase, a comparison could
be made between active and non-active participants. Differences in motivational factors
were identified which explained the participation behaviour of both groups. In-depth
interviews in phase three brought a better understanding of the motivational factors of the
regular participants concerning their experiences. Field notes also served as supporting
evidence for the results in phase three.
Results of this study provided more information and insight regarding the participation
difficulties in an IGP. Encouraging as well as discouraging motivational factors were
identified that influenced participants to participate regularly or irregular in the IGP. The
motivation that changed among participants over a period of 16 months was also identified.
These results will be used to improve current IGPs and also in the planning of future IGPs.
One of the limitations of this study was the small number of available women to observe.
This study contributes as a section in a larger process that attempts to alleviate poverty
through research on the subject in order to obtain a better understanding of difficulties found
in IGPs. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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A comparative study between South Africa, the United States and Australia of the taxing of income from gambling activitiesOosthuizen, Willem Johannes 20 July 2011 (has links)
Gambling has proven to be an ever growing industry and triggered tax regulating authorities in different countries to review the taxation on the income of the providers and even the individuals constantly entering into gambling transactions. South Africa is no exception to this and during the 2010 budget speech the National Treasury has indicated their intention to review the taxation of gambling winnings in the hands of the gambler. Currently only the professional gambler is taxed on his gambling winnings in South Africa. Although prior research has been performed on the taxation of gambling winnings in the United States and Australia, no research on this topic has been performed from a South African perspective. This study extends on these prior studies by performing an analysis of the taxation of gambling winnings in the hands of the individual from a South African perspective. The aim of this study is to determine how South Africa can amend the current income tax legislation effectively to include gambling winnings in the personal income tax of all gamblers. From a theoretical perspective, the study aims to identify alternative ways to tax gambling winnings which is currently not included in South African legislation and practices. Although the provision and participation in interactive gambling remain illegal within the borders of South Africa, this study aims to investigate the legalisation and/or regulation thereof as an alternative to the taxation of gambling winnings in the hands of all gamblers. This study discusses the administrative burden on the tax payer and the gambling provider if the National Treasury considers taxing gambling winnings in the hands of all gamblers and concluded that the status quo against the taxation of gambling winnings of the casual gambler should prevail. Consideration should be given to legalise and regulate interactive gambling as an alternative in order to broaden the tax base. AFRIKAANS : Dobbelary groei van krag tot krag en dit is juis as gevolg van hierdie groei dat die belastingowerhede in verskeie lande besluit het om die belasting op die inkomste van dobbeloperateurs en dobbelaars gereeld te hersien. Suid-Afrika is geen uitsondering nie en die Nasionale Tesourie het tydens die 2010 begrotingsrede aangedui dat hulle die belastinghantering van inkomste verkry uit dobbelary in die hande van die dobbelaar gaan hersien. Tans word slegs die inkomste van die professionele dobbelaar in Suid-Afrika belas. Alhoewel die belastinghantering van inkomste uit dobbelary voorheen in die Verenigde State en Australië nagevors is, bestaan geen navorsing van hierdie aard oor die situasie in Suid-Afrika nie. Hierdie studie is ’n uitbreiding van hierdie vorige navorsing deur middel van ’n analise van die belastinghantering van inkomste uit dobbelary in die hande van dobbelaars in Suid-Afrika. Die studie het ten doel om vas te stel hoe Suid-Afrika se huidige inkomstebelastingwetgewing effektief gewysig kan word om inkomste uit dobbelary in die persoonlike inkomstebelasting van alle dobbelaars in te sluit. Vanuit ’n teoretiese perspektief poog die studie om alternatiewe belastinghanterings van inkomste uit dobbelary te identifiseer wat tans nie in Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing en praktyke vervat is nie. Alhoewel interaktiewe dobbelary onwettig is in Suid-Afrika, ondersoek hierdie studie die bekragtiging en regulering van die voorsiening en deelname daaraan as ’n alternatief tot die belasting op inkomste uit dobbelary in die hande van elke dobbelaar. Die studie bespreek die administratiewe las op die dobbeloperateur sowel as die dobbelaar indien die Nasionale Tesourie sou oorweeg om die inkomste uit dobbelary in die hande van elke dobbelaar te belas en kom tot die slotsom dat die huidige hantering waar inkomste van die geleentheidsdobbelaar nie belas word nie, in plek moet bly. Oorweging moet geskenk word aan die bekragtiging en regulering van interaktiewe dobbelary as ’n alternatief om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Taxation / Unrestricted
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A critical analysis of the tax deductibility of expenses incurred in virtual worlds by the South African taxpayerMoodley, Theogaren 09 March 2012 (has links)
The arrival of the Internet and the World Wide Web has had a radical impact on commerce and people’s ability to interact virtually. Through these channels various new methods of earning income have been created. Income earned virtually creates a new type of commerce not previously envisioned whilst the South African Income Tax Act was drawn up. The revenue earned is, however. encompassed in the Act. South African residents have as a result entered the taxation net of the South African Revenue Services without understanding the full implications of being taxed. Of particular importance are the deductions available to residents whose incomes are earned through virtual worlds. The various deductions available in the South African Income Tax Act do not specifically deal with the expenses incurred in the production of virtual world income. South Africans are thus exposed to taxation implications not fully explored by the South African Revenue Services nor the general public. The public needs guidance on this matter and the South African Revenue Services needs further research to be conducted in this area. The study revealed that deductions would be allowed against taxable income earned through conducting virtual world commerce. The general deduction formula should be applied to all expenses. Capital expenses should be researched further, for application in terms of the Act. However, it appears that the Act can be applied to non- capital expenses incurred for trading in virtual worlds. AFRIKAANS : Die aankoms van die Internet en die Wêreldwye Web het reeds ‘n geweldige impak op die handle en mense se vermoëns om virtueel in wisselwerking te wees. Deur middle van hierdie kanale het verskeie nuwe metodes onstaan om ‘n inkomste te verdien. ‘n Inkomste wat virtueel verdien word, skep ‘n nuwe sort handle waarvoor daar geen voorsiening gemaak is toe die Inkomste Belastingswetgewing opgestel is. Die inkomste wat verdien word is wel binne die bestek van die Wetgewing. Suid-Afrikaanse inwoners val dus binne die belastingsnet van die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomste Dienste sonder om die volle implikasies van die belasting te begryp. Van besondere belang is die belastingsaftrekkings wat vir inwoners, wie se inkomste in die virtuele wêreld verdien word, beskikbaar is. Die verskeie aftrekkings beskikbaar in die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomste Belastingswetgewing maak nie spesifiek voorsiening vir die uitgawes wat aangegaan word terwyl ‘n inkomste in die virtuele wêreld verdien word nie. Suid Afrikaners word duw aan belastingsgevolge blootgestel wat nie ten volle deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomste Dienste, of die algemene publiek verken is nie. Die publiek het leiding in die opsig nodig en die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomste Dienste benodig verdere navorsing in die verband. Die studie toon dat aftrekkings toegelaat sou word teen belasbare inkomste wat verdien word, deur handel in die virtuele wêreld te dryf. ‘n Algemene formule moet op alle uigawes toegepas word. Kapitale uitgawes moet verder nagevors word vir toepassing op die Wetgewing. Nieteenstaande, wil dit voorkom dat die Wetgewing op nie-kapitale uitgawes wat in die proses van handel dryf in die virtuele wêreld, toegepas kan word. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Moodley, T 2011, A critical analysis of the tax deductibility of expenses incurred in virtual worlds by the South African taxpayer, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03092012-112031 / > F12/4/163/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted
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Refining the understatement penalty in terms of the Tax Administration Act / Johannes Alexander FeuthFeuth, Johannes Alexander January 2013 (has links)
The Tax Administration Act (28 of 2011) (TA Act), which was promulgated on 4 July 2012 and came into effect on 1 October 2012, was enacted with the purpose of aligning all the administrative provisions dealt with under the various sections of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) (IT Act) and the Value-Added Tax Act (89 of 1991) (VAT Act) under one piece of legislation. The TA Act (28 of 2011) provides guidance on various matters of tax administration, including a very controversial penalty levying regime. Prior to the TA Act (28 of 2011), section 76 of the IT Act (58 of 1962) and section 60 the VAT Act (89 of 1991) (hereafter referred to as the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions) dealt with the levying of additional taxes in cases of understated tax returns. Sections 76 and 60 of the respective acts unfortunately did not provide proper guidelines on the assessment and calculation of these additional taxes or on how the levying of these additional taxes could conform to matters of administrative justice. These matters have been included under sections 221 to 223 of the TA Act (28 of 2011) (hereafter referred to as the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011)) and have been welcomed by most taxpayers.
This research study focused on the critical evaluation of the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) as well as the provisions which were repealed and replaced by the TA Act (28 of 2011) and which were previously applied in terms of the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions. A comparison between the latter provisions, the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) and foreign legislation is made with the purpose of addressing how effective and fair the TA Act (28 of 2011) will prove to be. The study also includes brief advice on any possible improvements or practical approaches regarding the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011). It is also seen as necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the regulations promulgated in terms of sections 221 to 223 of the TA Act (28 of 2011), and to identify possible problems with the application and interpretation of the relevant understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) by the Commissioner.
A literature review was used to critically analyse and compare various pieces of legislation and precedents, including South African and foreign laws and legislation, with possible practical illustrative examples. The objective with the literature review was to clarify issues such as the fairness of the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) and the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions. The findings of the research study revealed that the enactment of the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) on 1 October 2012 partially achieves the objective of providing taxpayers with a penalty levying system that is more reasonable and fair in comparison with the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions. Despite a more favourable outcome achieved by the TA Act (28 of 2011), the research concludes that proper guidance and measures for levying a penalty are still lacking and that the legislation is unfortunately still failing in this regard. Harsh penalty percentages based on certain behavioural criteria that are not defined create the need for obvious improvements. That said, the TA Act (28 of 2011) is still young and creates a basis on which further amendments and improvements can take place. / MCom (South African and International Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Commercial development of smaller towns :|ba comparative study of the planning and legislative principles for shopping centres in Bethlehem / Janette Jemima LabuschagneLabuschagne, Janette Jemima January 2013 (has links)
The general body of academic knowledge on the commercial development of smaller towns
is in its infancy. Yet its inherent potential is well perceived from a development and market
perspective. Shopping centre development could have an important function in getting
products and services to the marketplace in an economical way. Furthermore, it could have
a very significant socio-economic impact in the central business district (CBD). Although
such a shopping centre will surely create new businesses, employment and production
opportunities for local businesses it is of importance to first determine the financial viability
and impact of the new development on existing businesses.
Developers and researchers often approach the subject of shopping centre development
from different perspectives. The research output is often of limited impact as the critical link
between demographical analysis and financial viability is not made. Researchers are usually
excluded from the physical establishment, rental structures, tenant mix, design, cost of
construction, return on investment, funding and future management of the proposed new
shopping centre project. Linking demographic assessment and financial viability is a critical
output of this study.
Bethlehem and its district are quite unique in a number of ways, especially regarding the
presence of a large farming community. Bethlehem provides goods and services to residents
of Bethlehem, Clarens, Kestell, Harrismith, Heilbron, Paul Roux, Petrus Steyn, Reitz,
Senekal and Warden. The main shopping activity occurs in the CBD of Bethlehem and its
surrounding areas. Bethlehem only has one major shopping centre (the Metropolitan Centre)
that provides goods and services for the people in the surrounding area. This causes an
over concentration in the CBD and too much traffic in an already limited space. There is a
high need for Bethlehem to provide a bigger shopping centre for the citizens of the town, as
well as the surrounding areas.
This study investigates the need for a new shopping centre in Bethlehem and will determine
whether a new shopping centre will be viable within the area
The empirical study revealed that approximately half of the respondents are not satisfied
with the current shopping centres in Bethlehem. A greater amount of respondents felt that
the shopping centres do not offer enough parking. The study revealed that, from a consumer
point of view, there is definitely a need for a new shopping centre in Bethlehem and that
there is a gap of approximately 12 892m² GLA (Gross leasable area). However, this was
determined before the opening of the new Dihlabeng Mall. The Dihlabeng Mall occupies 24
142m², therefore an oversupply is already taken place. / MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Refining the understatement penalty in terms of the Tax Administration Act / Johannes Alexander FeuthFeuth, Johannes Alexander January 2013 (has links)
The Tax Administration Act (28 of 2011) (TA Act), which was promulgated on 4 July 2012 and came into effect on 1 October 2012, was enacted with the purpose of aligning all the administrative provisions dealt with under the various sections of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) (IT Act) and the Value-Added Tax Act (89 of 1991) (VAT Act) under one piece of legislation. The TA Act (28 of 2011) provides guidance on various matters of tax administration, including a very controversial penalty levying regime. Prior to the TA Act (28 of 2011), section 76 of the IT Act (58 of 1962) and section 60 the VAT Act (89 of 1991) (hereafter referred to as the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions) dealt with the levying of additional taxes in cases of understated tax returns. Sections 76 and 60 of the respective acts unfortunately did not provide proper guidelines on the assessment and calculation of these additional taxes or on how the levying of these additional taxes could conform to matters of administrative justice. These matters have been included under sections 221 to 223 of the TA Act (28 of 2011) (hereafter referred to as the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011)) and have been welcomed by most taxpayers.
This research study focused on the critical evaluation of the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) as well as the provisions which were repealed and replaced by the TA Act (28 of 2011) and which were previously applied in terms of the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions. A comparison between the latter provisions, the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) and foreign legislation is made with the purpose of addressing how effective and fair the TA Act (28 of 2011) will prove to be. The study also includes brief advice on any possible improvements or practical approaches regarding the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011). It is also seen as necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the regulations promulgated in terms of sections 221 to 223 of the TA Act (28 of 2011), and to identify possible problems with the application and interpretation of the relevant understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) by the Commissioner.
A literature review was used to critically analyse and compare various pieces of legislation and precedents, including South African and foreign laws and legislation, with possible practical illustrative examples. The objective with the literature review was to clarify issues such as the fairness of the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) and the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions. The findings of the research study revealed that the enactment of the understatement penalty percentage provisions under the TA Act (28 of 2011) on 1 October 2012 partially achieves the objective of providing taxpayers with a penalty levying system that is more reasonable and fair in comparison with the pre-TA Act (28 of 2011) penalty provisions. Despite a more favourable outcome achieved by the TA Act (28 of 2011), the research concludes that proper guidance and measures for levying a penalty are still lacking and that the legislation is unfortunately still failing in this regard. Harsh penalty percentages based on certain behavioural criteria that are not defined create the need for obvious improvements. That said, the TA Act (28 of 2011) is still young and creates a basis on which further amendments and improvements can take place. / MCom (South African and International Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Commercial development of smaller towns :|ba comparative study of the planning and legislative principles for shopping centres in Bethlehem / Janette Jemima LabuschagneLabuschagne, Janette Jemima January 2013 (has links)
The general body of academic knowledge on the commercial development of smaller towns
is in its infancy. Yet its inherent potential is well perceived from a development and market
perspective. Shopping centre development could have an important function in getting
products and services to the marketplace in an economical way. Furthermore, it could have
a very significant socio-economic impact in the central business district (CBD). Although
such a shopping centre will surely create new businesses, employment and production
opportunities for local businesses it is of importance to first determine the financial viability
and impact of the new development on existing businesses.
Developers and researchers often approach the subject of shopping centre development
from different perspectives. The research output is often of limited impact as the critical link
between demographical analysis and financial viability is not made. Researchers are usually
excluded from the physical establishment, rental structures, tenant mix, design, cost of
construction, return on investment, funding and future management of the proposed new
shopping centre project. Linking demographic assessment and financial viability is a critical
output of this study.
Bethlehem and its district are quite unique in a number of ways, especially regarding the
presence of a large farming community. Bethlehem provides goods and services to residents
of Bethlehem, Clarens, Kestell, Harrismith, Heilbron, Paul Roux, Petrus Steyn, Reitz,
Senekal and Warden. The main shopping activity occurs in the CBD of Bethlehem and its
surrounding areas. Bethlehem only has one major shopping centre (the Metropolitan Centre)
that provides goods and services for the people in the surrounding area. This causes an
over concentration in the CBD and too much traffic in an already limited space. There is a
high need for Bethlehem to provide a bigger shopping centre for the citizens of the town, as
well as the surrounding areas.
This study investigates the need for a new shopping centre in Bethlehem and will determine
whether a new shopping centre will be viable within the area
The empirical study revealed that approximately half of the respondents are not satisfied
with the current shopping centres in Bethlehem. A greater amount of respondents felt that
the shopping centres do not offer enough parking. The study revealed that, from a consumer
point of view, there is definitely a need for a new shopping centre in Bethlehem and that
there is a gap of approximately 12 892m² GLA (Gross leasable area). However, this was
determined before the opening of the new Dihlabeng Mall. The Dihlabeng Mall occupies 24
142m², therefore an oversupply is already taken place. / MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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