Individuals' decisions to adopt an innovation can be influenced by the group identity of previous adopters or non-adopters in their social network. Previous research in innovation diffusion considered initial innovators and word-of-mouth imitator effects using analytical models. Simulations and agent-based models have been developed to address the heterogeneity of decision makers and the non-linearity of the process. A further refinement modeled adoption based on networks of social relationships between potential decision makers, analogous to the spread of disease on networks. In addition, adoption or non-adoption of some innovations has been characterized as a means of signaling identification with or aversion to a group. While identity signaling and outgroup aversion effects on adoption have been considered in a geo-spatial environment, this work extends these concepts to social network environments. The results show that adoption levels were significantly different in a network environment with outgroup effects present. Additionally, as outgroup and imitation factors increase, adoption levels decrease, and polarization increases in network environments. With group effects present, adoption was found to be higher when modularity and eigenvector centrality are high in a social network. Next, to test the model, Covid-19 vaccination adoption behavior was examined to find statistical evidence of the outgroup effect with groups defined by political affiliation. Finally, a model was developed to address gaps in the original model and evaluated with vaccine adoption data. In today's polarized social environment, understanding these effects is critical to the adoption of emerging innovations such as mitigating climate change, combating novel viruses, or decentralizing financial transactions. While innovators are often focused on solving technical challenges to advance adoption of an innovation, equal emphasis on understanding and solving social and potential outgroup effects will be needed to accurately project the rate of adoption and to achieve the desired outcome.

No description available.

This research paper examines the innovation adoption of technology, specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementations in hospitals by exploring the capabilities that enables AI innovations using the dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing and reconfiguring) framework and clinicians’ intentions to use AI innovations for patient care by applying the technology adoption/acceptance framework Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) utilizing qualitative case study analysis and quantitative survey methodology respectively. This multi-disciplinary research has considerable relevance to both healthcare business leaders and clinical practitioners by identifying the key factors that drives the decisions to adopt innovations to improve healthcare organizations' competitiveness to enhance patient care as well as to reduce overall healthcare costs. The main findings are: (1) On an organizational level, healthcare organizations with strong and versatile dynamic capabilities, who build on their existing knowledge and capabilities are better able to integrate the innovations into their internal operations and existing services. The identified barriers provide a clear sense of organizational barriers and resistance points for innovation adoption (2) On an individual level, the impact of quality of care and organization leadership support are the key factors that facilitates the adoption of innovation among the clinicians. (3) Current trends and key impact areas of AI technology in the healthcare industry are identified Key words: Innovation, Innovation Adoption, Dynamic Capabilities, Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence, AI, Technology, Strategic Management / Business Administration/Management Information Systems

Low impact development (LID) is an innovative stormwater management technique that was introduced in early 1990s. However, the transition to use of this more sustainable method has been slow due to technical, institutional, and regulatory barriers to LID adoption. The research questions for this study are: What constitutes LID adoption? Why do localities adopt LID? What are the major factors that influenced the level of LID adoption by local governments? Specifically, this study focused on motivations and key determinants of LID adoption by local governments. By answering these questions, we will have better knowledge about how to approach the adoption process of environmental innovations. The findings of the study will benefit any potential localities considering LID adoption. The theory of diffusion of innovations is applied as it is very flexible to investigate complex topics like environmental innovation involving multiple factors and environments. To explore the role of local governments in LID adoption, sub-theories like organizational innovation and policy adoption are reviewed. Based on these theoretical foundations, four constructs of variables which include innovation, organizations, motivations, and surrounding organizational context are investigated. The case study method is used for eight counties (Amherst, Bedford, Chesterfield, Fairfax, Isle of Wight, Roanoke, Stafford, and Spotsylvania) and two cities (City of Charlottesville, City of Roanoke) in Virginia. Key informants from each locality were selected for in-depth interviews and additional document reviews for each case are used to support multiple case studies. LID adoption consists of various forms such as regulations, practices, and plans. A combination of all forms of LID activities and programs was used to measure LID adoption level. Based on nine criteria (i.e., adoption mode, use of the term "LID" in local codes, code details, LID manuals, demonstration projects, number of LID projects after LID code adoption, education programs, task force, and incentives), localities with three levels of LID adoption have been determined. Influencing factors of innovation adoption varied depending on level of LID adoption (high, moderate, and low). Therefore, strategies to promote environmental innovation should be developed in relation to the level of innovation adoption. The research findings revealed two major determinants that influenced the level of LID adoption. One is strong champions, and the other is regulatory mandates. A champion-driven LID adoption model is found in high level LID adoption localities. Usually, individuals from local governments, NGOs, and development communities have played a critical role in LID adoption process. The local government organizations in this group are usually self-motivated for innovation adoption. Especially, the presence of strong champions was identified as a key factor to the higher level of innovation adoption. On the other hand, a regulation-driven LID adoption model is found in moderate to low level LID adoption localities. These localities are strongly influenced by state regulatory mandates. In these cases, external forces motivate local governments to adopt innovations. / Ph. D.

Technological search is often depicted to be random. This paper takes a different view and analyses how innovative recombinant search is triggered, how it is done and what initial conditions influence the final design of technological artefacts. We argue that complementarities (non-separabilities) play an important role as focusing devices guiding the search for new combinations. Our analysis takes the perspective of technology adopters and not that of inventors or innovators of new products. We illustrate the process of decomposition and re-composition under the presence of binding complementarity constraints with a historical case study on the establishment of the First IT Regime at the turn of the 19th century. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

This paper presents a theoretical framework along "Classical" lines in which Schumpeter's concept of "Creative Response" is linked to a theory of induced innovation and the concept of technological regimes. We devote particular attention to the role of indivisibilities between factors of production. On the basis of this framework, we study the adoption of early information technologies, such as typewriters, calculators or Hollerith machines in US manufacturing in the period between 1870 and 1930. We show how the presence of a distinct bias in technical change in US manufacturing led to the opening of a window of opportunity for early information technologies, and how the presence of this bias influenced the technological search and adoption process of firms and how this found its final reflection in the rules and heuristics of the new regime. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

The health industry has acquired a reputation as lagging in the use of information technology (IT). Therefore, this study has been undertaken to assess state health's use of IT and then to assess the causal factors of the differing usage rate, if any. The state health industry was compared to the banking industry as a benchmark, on the basis that the banking industry is widely perceived as a leading IT user. A literature review summarised and critiqued current literature and informed the subsequent research. The research comprised two related studies. The first study was a qualitative study of the beliefs of senior state health executives. The second study was based upon a survey of state health and banking managers. The research confirmed that in these two 'knowledge' industries, state health is slower to adopt IT with an apparent lower maturity level. This finding was observed across a range of best-practice management, procedural and cultural topics as well as the level of resources applied to IT. Innovation-diffusion-theory helped understand why IT implementation has progressed at a slower rate in state health than other industry sectors. The complexity of state health organisations and their fragmented internal structure constrain their ability to adopt traditional, hierarchical, organisation-wide IT. This is further impacted upon by the relative immaturity of clinical health IT, which is complicated, incomplete and unable to show quantifiable benefits. In addition, elements of the findings suggest that health IT departments are poorly aligned to the needs of clinicians and managers. Both organisational and technological factors lead to the slow adoption of health IT, although measures suggest that the key factors relate to the unique organisational nature of state health. The recommendations for health and IT policy arising from this research are: * The effectiveness of state health IT departments needs comparing to those in other sectors and improvement interventions implemented; * The strongest way for state health IT to proceed is to focus on management and social issues in preference to the ever-seductive technology. Research and development funds should be allocated, as a priority, to benefits-analysis methods, improved understanding of the true nature of health organisations (formal and informal) and a rich understanding of clinical behaviours and work. Deeper knowledge in all of these areas will permit the development of more relevant IT leading to greater value, more focussed implementation and new areas for business development in the IT industry.

Background: Changing market conditions and increasing competition drive companies to increase their collaboration along the supply chain. Technological innovations enable businesses to increase their integration tremendously. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) enables the integration of information technology with industrial technology. The adoption of Industry 4.0 includes many complex technologies that come with challenges for many organizations. Previous research suggests that conventional manufacturing might have to be adjusted to Industry 4.0. Purpose: This thesis identifies and analyzes potential challenges of Industry 4.0 adoption for electronics manufacturers and machine manufacturers and analyzes how processes in manufacturing need to be adjusted to successfully implement Industry 4.0. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to successful Industry 4.0 adoption in the manufacturing process and therefore to contribute to technological advancement. Method: This thesis conducts a multiple case study and gathers qualitative data by conducting semi-structured interviews. Findings & conclusion: Challenges identified for most companies are standardization, management support, skills and costs. Most companies face data and compatibility challenges. Some companies face the challenge of complexity, information security, scalability and network externalities. Companies with higher levels of maturity are less likely to face environmental challenges.Lean Management was identified as a prerequisite for Industry 4.0 adoption. The adoption of Industry 4.0 is likely to lead to a paperless factory. Furthermore, changes concerning the infrastructure are a main finding. Moreover, it was found that Industry 4.0 does not require major changes from conventional manufacturing processes.

Every day, more and more devices are getting connected to the Internet and becoming what we know as the Internet of Things (IoT). In both commercial and industrial context, IoT plays a significant role in enabling automatisation and connectivity. For companies that want to become the innovation leader in their branch of industry, IoT is a useful method to gain competitive advantage where automatisation, predictive maintenance and connectivity can improve company’s performance. However, no research have been done from the perspective of an IoT-provider. How they can fully harness the power of IoT when they adopt it for their existing products or services? This study aim to investigate how a theoretical model would look like with the performance impact in focus when an innovation-driven company adopt IoT on their existing products. The research is conducted with a case study of a Swedish company in the heavy industry sector, which has successfully adapted IoT into their products. The empirical data was collected through documentation review and interview. This study results in a conceptual model that contains crucial factors which needs to be taken into consideration when adopting IoT. However, further research needs to be done, in order to verify this model as well as to be able to generalise the findings to cover innovation adoption in general.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-09-01T19:05:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre da Costa Goularte.pdf: 1691271 bytes, checksum: a94cb2d5ddfcdf9b354cb0410946e6b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T19:05:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre da Costa Goularte.pdf: 1691271 bytes, checksum: a94cb2d5ddfcdf9b354cb0410946e6b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Mobility-based technology is affecting the way people buy goods and services, how people communicate among themselves and even the way to use services provided by banks, institutions that already tread a digital transformation path in Brazil. Combination of information technology, internet and mobile devices has resulted in technological innovations, allowing most of the banking transactions to be carried out safely through smartphones and tablets. However, data from the banking industry and scientific research show little adherence to that innovative service: mobile banking. In this context, the objective of this research was to understand what cultural factors affect mobile banking usage in an emergent country from Latin America region. Applying structural equation modeling on a model that combines UTAUT2 theory and cultural dimensions of Hofstede, research confirms that Individualism / Collectivism and Long Term Orientation effectivelly affect mobile banking adoption. However, three other cultural dimensions do not support it: Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity/Femininity and Power Distance. / A tecnologia baseada em mobilidade tem afetado a forma como compram-se bens e serviços, o modo de comunicação entre as pessoas e, quiçá, a maneira de utilizar-se os serviços dos bancos, instituições que já trilham um caminho de transformação digital no Brasil. A combinação da tecnologia da informação, da internet e dos dispositivos móveis resultou em inovações tecnológicas, permitindo que a maior parte das transações bancárias seja realizada, de forma segura, por meio de smartphones e tablets. Porém, os dados do segmento bancário e da pesquisa científica mostram pouca adesão a esse serviço inovador – o mobile banking. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi entender quais fatores culturais afetam o uso do mobile banking em um país emergente da América Latina. Utilizando modelagem por equações estruturais sobre um modelo que combina a teoria de UTAUT2 e as dimensões culturais de Hofstede, confirmou-se que Individualismo/Coletivismo e Orientação por Longo Prazo são dimensões culturais que afetam a escolha pelo uso de mobile banking, não havendo suporte para as dimensões de Aversão à Incerteza, Masculinidade/Feminilidade e Distância de Poder.