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Infrastructure construction underpins China’s socioeconomic development, and it is also an important guarantee for China to perpetuate sustainable economic growth in the long run. Fortified infrastructure construction projects, especially people’s livelihood projects, can not only fuel the healthy and sustainable development of China’s economy, but also complement the shortfall in comprehensively building a well-off society and effectively uplifting people’s inner fulfillment and happiness. Infrastructure construction highlights large capital investment and long recovery time in terms of capital utilization. Therefore, the investment in infrastructure construction in China has long relied on government fiscal funds. However, as infrastructure construction accelerates in China, local governments’ debts are growing bigger with higher risks behind and the central government has called local governments to deleverage and reduce debt. This was accompanied by increasingly prominent bottleneck of insufficient infrastructure construction funds. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study how to expand financing channels for infrastructure construction to alleviate the pressure on government capital investment with innovative ways of thinking.This article uses a case study approach. Based on the in-depth analysis of the characteristics and investment preference of foreign insurance funds, this paper analyzes the significance and feasibility of introducing foreign insurance funds to invest in China's infrastructure construction. At the same time, this paper demonstrates the irreplaceable role of financial leasing companies funded by foreign insurance funds in connecting foreign insurance funds and domestic infrastructure construction, so as to build an innovative financial leasing model for infrastructure construction to attract foreign insurance funds to invest in China’s infrastructure construction. / Business Administration/Finance

Användandet av innovationsmodeller inom vårdsektorn studerades, med anledning av den innovationsmodell Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting nyligen tagit fram. Offentlig sektor har i litteraturgenomgångar inte tagits upp som positiva exempel på innovativ verksamhet, men det finns mycket litteratur som visar på hur systematiserade och byråkratiska de organisationerna är. Därför är det av intresse att undersöka hur en systematiserad organisation angriper innovationsarbete med hjälp av verktyg och modeller. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samlades data in från fem representanter inom den offentliga vårdsektorn (från två olika kommuner och landsting), och resultaten visade på att valet och användningssättet av innovationsmodeller skiljde sig mellan respondenterna. Vissa respondenter använde redan existerande modeller, medan andra skapade egna. Vidare visade resultatet att den modell Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting tagit fram ej användes av någon respondent, och endast två kände till att modellen fanns. Studien avslutas med en diskussion gällande innovationsmodellers nivå av generalisering respektive specialisering, samt förslag på en möjlig revidering av modellen Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting tagit fram, för att på så vis sprida vetskapen om den. / The use of models for innovation within the public healthcare sector were studied, due to the fact that the public agency The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, SALAR, recently developed and launched a model for innovation. The public sector has not been the focal point in any of the literature about innovative organizations, but there is no shortage of literature regarding that of bureaucracy and the systematization of work processes in the public sector. That is why the authors find it interesting to study how a systemized organization set about working innovatively using instruments and models. Through the use of semi-structured interviews with five representatives from the public healthcare sector, data was collected and the results showed that the choice and use of innovative models differed between the respondents. Some respondents used models that already exist, while others constructed their own. The results also showed that neither one of the respondents used the model created by SALAR, and only two of them had pre-existing knowledge of the model. The study is concluded with a discussion about the degree of generalization/specialization in innovative models, and a suggestion for a possible revision of SALAR’s model in order to create wider knowledge of it.

Published Article / A specific financial services organisation in South Africa realised that they had to join the innovation revolution in order to remain commercially competitive due to unexpected competitors entering the traditional financial services domain. The evaluation question asks whether employees in a financial services organisation can develop creative and innovative thinking and problem-solving skills through an intervention such as a workshop, and can a benefit for the business unit and organisation be identified. This qualitative study employed Utilisation Focused Evaluation (UFE) to address the evaluation question. Questionnaires, pen-and-paper tests and interviews were used to gather data. Descriptive statistics were applied to report the data. The most critical finding confirmed that individuals can acquire creative and innovative thinking and problem-solving skills. The acquisition of these skills though is not sufficient on its own to establish a culture supportive of creativity and innovation. The study culminated in the creation of The Triple I Creativity and Innovation Model. The Triple I Creativity and Innovation Model illustrates how a workshop with distinctive training design features can impact the individual, the business unit and the organisation in order to initiate, ideaneer and ignite creativity and innovation.

Innovations in the public services have become mandatory to provide more efficient and secured services to the citizens. In today&#039 / s fast changing technological environment, the sustained management of innovation is the most vital executive task for the organizations. Identification of the technological innovation process is required in order to manage innovation in the public organizations. This thesis study aims to build a technological innovation model for public organizations in Turkey identifying technological innovation process, stakeholders of the process, sources of innovation, obstacles of innovation and driving forces of innovation. In this research study, strategically important organizations, including all ministries and the pioneer public organizations that perform technological innovation projects are analyzed. In the research study, case study is used as a research strategy and interviews are used as data collection methods. Using collected data / data sets are produced and presented in tables. Data analysis results enable to identify technological innovation process, stakeholders of the process, sources of innovation, barriers of innovation, and driving forces of innovation. Consequently, in accordance with the findings of the study, a new technological innovation model that may pave the way for technological innovation projects and enable successful management of innovation process is constructed. The proposed model lights the way of managers for their innovation projects by means of determining unclear innovation process and identifying the inputs and outputs of the process. Moreover, this study is a guide for managers in public organizations identifying possible obstacles and offering solutions, identifying driving forces to accelerate the innovation process, emphasizing the importance of interaction between the stakeholders.

In today’s knowledge-based economies, the global competition has become fiercer. In order to respond to competition and gain a competitive advantage or, in some cases, survive, company takes a variety of means to improve its competitiveness. Companies that do not acknowledge the effective ways to innovate its brands fail to gain more market share and there is also a risk of losing their occupied market share. It is important for companies to innovate its brand effectively.   The purpose of this thesis is to identify the challenges related to brand innovation in the context of two different types of brand portfolios (i.e. “the house of brands”, and “the branded house”).   In this thesis, I use a case study to analyze three cases in one company so as to realize the importance of brand innovation and its challenges. In order to gather the important information, I interview respondents of Haier which is a big home appliance company in China.   This study demonstrates that the companies need to know the challenges of brand innovation a company face depending on its brand portfolio strategy. In addition, it is better for companies to make the right strategies when they innovate their brands, and to learn how to overcome the challenges of brand innovation.

為了追求顧客高滿意度是服務業不斷努力的目標，經營電子商店的廠商紛紛絞盡腦汁，以迎合顧客需求，PChome有別於其它業者在網路購物市場找到利基，2007年1月改以強調「速度」新服務概念推出24小時送達的購物服務，由大幅成長的月營收表現可得知此服務被消費者廣為接受。此外PChome 24小時購物更榮獲97年度經濟部「產業創新成果表揚」的產業製程/流程創新獎。因此PChome為何成立24小時購物，且如何規劃設計流程，將此創新服務透過什麼方式傳遞給顧客，為亟欲探討的課題。 本研究以Hertog & Bilderbeek（1998）提出的服務創新四構面模型作為研究的基礎，探討PChome 24小時購物的創新服務，本研究問題如下： 1.PChome推出24小時購物專區的動機為何? 2.PChome 24小時購物的創新服務與創新成果可由那些構面來觀察？ 3.PChome 24小時購物的技術選擇構面與其它構面的關係為何? 4.PChome 24小時購物在創新服務之經營運作成功經營的關鍵為何? 研究結論如下： 一、PChome 24小時購物精準掌握消費者需求產出新服務概念，解決顧客下訂單之後等太久的困擾，為顧客創造價值才是創新的根本。 二、PChome 24小時購物的「新服務概念」、「新客戶介面」、「新服務傳遞系統」、「技術選擇」四構面都有相當的創新。 1. PChome 24小時購物服務的內容與特色鮮明，鎖定需要快速收到貨的目標族群，在網路購物市場找到獨特利基優勢。 2. PChome 24小時購物在新客戶介面提供「容易操作」、「容易查詢」商流服務介面，有助於創新服務的表現。 3. PChome 24小時購物設計三個新流程- -(1)商品選購、(2)成立倉儲物流中心集中管理商品、(3)宅配送達，來處理商流、金流、物流、資訊流。 4. PChome 24小時購物的核心技術策略，成功開發「快速供貨管理系統」及「硬碟式倉儲管理儲存模式」二個IT系統，成功作到資訊即時整合，讓訂單零時差、出貨零時差、庫存零時差，為技術選擇關鍵。 三、「技術選擇」在PChome 24小時購物創新服務的扮演不可或缺的關鍵性角色，技術決定服務，支撐「新服務概念」「新服務傳遞系統」、「新客戶介面」其它三構面。 四、PChome 24小時購物的行銷、分配、及組織發展策略奏效，連結新服務概念、新客戶介面、新服務傳遞系統，成功推行創新服務。 1. PChome 的行銷策略鎖定需要迅速收到貨的目標市場，提供多樣產品選擇，強化24小時購物品牌形象。 2. PChome 整合統一速達的宅配，提供24小時購物服務，與為分配策略重要的一環。 3. PChome 24小時購物的組織發展策略，在組織資源及能耐已有足夠的能力規劃及經營管理此創新服務。 五、PChome 降低消費者交易成本，縮短交易流程及時間，加速消費者採納24小時購物。

The transition toward a robust, resource-effective, and renewable energy system faces many challenges. The demand for electricity is expected to rapidly increase over the coming years due to the electrification of society resulting in a need for more transmission capacity in the grid. Distributed energy systems are argued to be part of this transition and the implementation of small-scale distributed energy resources has grown enormously over the last few years. Energy communities, a way to collectively produce and consume energy in a local context, have been shown to support the energy transition while providing flexibility to the grid. The interplay of actors in energy communities is argued to aid in handling the increased complexity of the energy system. Knowledge sharing is considered fundamental for energy communities to emerge and a way to facilitate the management of knowledge transfer is argued to be important, but not currently existing. The purpose of the study is to explore how knowledge sharing in and between energy communities can be strategically managed and organized, both in terms of aiding the development of energy communities and upscaling the concept. This was achieved by implementing a qualitative approach consisting of a comprehensive literature review accompanied by empirical findings through interviews with relevant actors. The collected data were analyzed by applying the theoretical concepts Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems, Knowledge Management, and Inter-Organizational Systems. The results showed that several key elements must be considered to be successful in sharing knowledge within and between energy communities. The Key Elements Strategy Model is presented as an overall approach that can be adapted for enabling application in different contexts and constellations. Since the concept of energy communities is expected to be further developed, it motivates the implementation of a systematic approach that can be used iteratively to continuously gain, capture and share new knowledge. There is a lot of potential to further investigate the area of knowledge sharing in the development of energy communities and future research on the subject is recommended. / Övergången till ett robust, resurseffektivt och förnybart energisystem står inför många utmaningar. Efterfrågan på el förväntas öka snabbt under de kommande åren då elektrifieringen av samhället leder till ett behov av mer överföringskapacitet i nätet. Distribuerade energisystem hävdas vara betydande i energiomställningen och införande av småskaliga distribuerade energiresurser har vuxit enormt under de senaste åren. Energigemenskaper, ett sätt att kollektivt producera och konsumera energi lokalt, har visat sig stödja omställningen samtidigt som det ger flexibilitet till nätet. Samspelet som krävs mellan de aktörer som ingår i energigemenskaper förväntas kunna bistå i hanterandet av den ökade komplexiteten i energisystemet. En grundläggande aspekt för uppskalningen av energigemenskaper är delning av kunskap. Att hantera kunskapsdelning inom projekten på ett organiserat sätt har pekats ut som väldigt viktigt, men inte existerande i dagsläget. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kunskapsdelning inom och mellan energigemenskaper ur ett strategiskt perspektiv bör hanteras och organiseras, både med avseende på att stödja utvecklingen av energigemenskaper samt uppskalning av konceptet. Detta uppnåddes genom att utföra en kvalitativ studie bestående av en omfattande litteraturstudie och intervjuer med relevanta aktörer. Den insamlade datan analyserades genom att tillämpa Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems, Knowledge Management och Inter-Organizational Systems. Resultaten visade att flera nyckelelement måste tas i beaktning för att lyckas med att dela kunskap inom och mellan energigemenskaper. The Key Elements Strategy Model presenteras som ett övergripande tillvägagångssätt som kan anpassas för att möjliggöra tillämpning i olika sammanhang och konstellationer. Eftersom energigemenskaper som koncept förväntas utvecklas vidare så är implementering av ett systematiskt iterativt tillvägagångssätt för att kontinuerligt skapa, fånga och dela kunskap motiverat. Det finns mycket potential att ytterligare undersöka området för kunskapsdelning i utvecklingen av energigemenskaper och framtida forskning i ämnet rekommenderas.