El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The washing of Panca chili seeds requires innovative solutions that allow controlling this process. It is necessary to handle variables (conductivity, pH, colorimetry) in the face of the challenge of working with small seeds. At present, there are no machines that are dedicated to the washing of this type of seeds, since in many companies this work is done manually, which is not the one indicated because this technique cannot guarantee homogeneity in the seed washing. In addition, direct handling of this type of seeds can cause irritation to the eyes and skin of the person who maintains contact with the seeds. That is why, it is proposed to make a machine to scale by means of a motorized rotary agitator inside a tank, in order to guarantee the homogeneity of the mixture when washing seeds. The present work will allow to determine, among two different types of agitators (axial and radial), which type of agitator is the most efficient in the washing of seeds of Panca chili, to achieve this objective the measurement of pH and electrical conductivity to the water will be carried after the mixture, after stirring. Finally, the analysis of the tests performed on the mixture obtained and washed by each type of agitator allowed to identify the turbine-type radial agitator, like the one that obtained greater efficiency in the washing of seeds, with respect to the helical agitator and pallets, designed for development of this work, in turn, could also confirm that this type of palette with the conductivity control allows to guarantee the homogeneity of the mixture during washing. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. / Revisión por pares

Pour satisfaire de nouvelles exigences, notamment environnementales, la reconception des systèmes agricoles doit intégrer de nouveaux objectifs, modifier la façon dont les concepts et connaissances sont mobilisés et renouveler les méthodes d’évaluation et critères utilisés (Meynard et al., 2012). L’éco-conception vise à intégrer des aspects environnementaux dans la conception d’un produit (ISO 14006) et peut donc répondre à ces besoins et permettre de concevoir des systèmes agricoles éco-efficients. L’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) est une méthode d’évaluation environnementale recommandée pour outiller les démarches d’éco-conception. Par ailleurs, en France, où 93% de la production viticole est vendue sous signe de qualité (INAO, 2016), la qualité est souvent aussi importante que le rendement dans la définition des objectifs de production viticoles. Ce travail de thèse explore l’intérêt et les modalités d’un rapprochement entre l’écoconception et les démarches de co-conception de systèmes de culture. La problématique est ainsi articulée en trois temps : i) Pourquoi et comment mettre en place une démarche participative d’éco-conception en agriculture ? ii) ACV et démarche participative d’écoconception en viticulture : quelles questions et solutions méthodologiques ? iii) Comment intégrer un objectif de qualité du raisin à une démarche d’éco-conception en viticulture ? Ces questions ont été explorées au travers de la mise en place d’une démarche participative d’éco-conception intégrant viticulteurs et conseillers viticoles. Cette démarche a été définie et appliquée avec deux groupes de viticulteurs et leurs conseillers viticoles dans la vallée de la Loire. / To address new challenges, including environmental ones, the redesign of agricultural systems must incorporate new objectives, change the way concepts and knowledge are mobilized and renew the evaluation methods and criteria used (Meynard et al., 2012). Eco-design aims to integrate environmental aspects into the design of a product (ISO 14006) and can therefore meet these needs and make it possible to design ecoefficient agricultural systems. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a recommended environmental assessment method to support eco-design approaches. Moreover, in France, where 93% of wine production is produced under quality labels (INAO, 2016), quality is often as important as yield in defining wine production objectives. This thesis work explores the interest and modalities of a convergence between ecodesign and co-design of cropping systems. The problem is thus articulated in three stages: i) Why and how can a participatory eco-design approach be implemented in agriculture? ii) LCA and participatory eco-design approach in viticulture: which methodological questions and solutions? iii) How to integrate a grape quality objective into an eco-design approach in viticulture? These questions were explored through the implementation of a participatory eco-design approach involving winegrowers and wine advisors. This approach was defined and applied with two groups of winegrowers and their wine advisors in the Loire Valley.

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In this interactive presentation attendees will learn about processes used to mobilize research into practical applications. Attendees will learn about the five processes used by the Military REACH team to accomplish this goal, which extends beyond the realms of military research (e.g., social science research). The Military REACH team will discuss how research is identified, evaluated, translated, archived, and distributed to families, helping professionals, and policy makers through various avenues. The goal of this presentation is to demonstrate a systematic approach for making research visible and available to those outside of higher education. Foundational to the process utilized is an emphasis on connecting research to intended audiences (families, helping professionals, and policy makers) in a manner that is inviting, easily understood, and meaningful for their everyday context. This emphasis is demonstrated in our processes through the importance placed on identifying and highlighting implications of the research for specific target audiences.

Background It is believed that the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) will bring about unprecedented change to the world, ultimately having such a deep impact that some argue it may change human life at its core. It is believed that many organisations will not survive the radical disruption that will ensue. On the contrary, some authors have argued that the 4IR will bring about many benefits and opportunities for organisations, as with previous revolutions, provided it is managed effectively by business leaders. Rationale for the research study There is a growing consensus that existing leadership styles and management practices may not be suitable for organisational performance for the 4IR. It has, therefore, been suggested that different theories, models or approaches to leadership will be required if organisations are to remain competitive and sustainably successful in a business context that will look very different to what leaders have been accustomed to. It is argued here that Leadership 4.0 and innovative management practices, may have merit in this context. Aim of the study This present study was an exploratory attempt to investigate the relationship between Leadership 4.0, innovative management practices and organisational performance capabilities for the 4IR. For the purposes of this study, 1) a range of leadership theories/models/approaches/styles, including Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Leadership 4.0; 2) innovative management practices, including human resource management, organising and information sharing, risk management and stakeholder management as they compare to the old and new economy; and 3) organisational performance capabilities, including human capital, digital risk management and business model value creation were investigated. Research Design, Sampling and realised sample An exploratory research design was followed, utilising a mixed method approach. A crosssectional approach was taken to data collection, with a composite questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study utilised to collect data. A realised sample of n=61 respondents, mainly 4 from local, privately owned, knowledge-intensive organisations was obtained using a convenience sampling approach. Statistical analyses Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were utilised to estimate the relationships among the abovementioned constructs. Mediation analyses utilising the PROCESS macro was employed to test whether the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities was mediated through innovative management practices. Results Statistically significant positive relationships were found between Leadership 4.0, Innovative Management Practices and Organisational Performance Capabilities. A regression model indicated that Leadership styles statistically significantly predicted the most variance in Organisational Performance Capabilities. Results further determined that Transactional Leadership explained a unique variance in risk management and digital risk management. Lastly, the test for mediation indicated that innovative management practices partially mediated the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities. Findings: Findings from the results supported various discussions and studies in the literature and in practice that leadership, specifically Leadership 4.0, is an important element to navigating the uncertainties and challenges presented by the 4IR. Further evidence was also found in support of contingent leadership theories. Managerial Implications The findings of the present research study holds a practical implication for organisations in that the findings support the literature suggesting that leadership is a key element in organisational performance capabilities, specifically for survival and sustainability for the 4IR. The findings further contributes to a growing body of knowledge surrounding the 4IR, leadership, innovative management practices and organisational performance fields of research.

Low-income subsidy housing production is not satisfying the current housing need, leading to increasing backlogs and significant impacts on many poor people's health and safety. Traditional methods for producing these houses have not been sufficient for meeting the low-income housing need, particularly in aspects concerning time, cost, and quality of construction. There has been enough evidence supporting the adoption of innovative building technologies to enhance the South African government's ability to deliver low-income housing by reducing the times and costs of construction while substantially improving the quality of construction products. However, the implementation of low-income housing produced using innovative building systems has been primarily unsuccessful owing to the low levels of acceptance by South African communities. This study explored consumers’ attitudes and perceptions towards low-income housing produced using innovative building technologies. Data was collected from seventeen semi-structured interviews with potential low-income housing beneficiaries. The results showed that participants had limited knowledge about housing constructed with innovative building technologies. The lack of knowledge enhanced participants’ perceptions of risk and led them to develop negative attitudes towards the housing systems. The negative attitudes primarily were related to increased perceptions of performance, financial and psychosocial risk. However, the results also showed that participants were still willing to accept housing produced using innovative building technologies because of their potential to improve participants’ living conditions. The study contributes new knowledge to the debate about the role of innovative building technologies for improved housing delivery in South Africa. The study also helps the government, decision-makers, and stakeholders formulate effective strategies for developing and promoting housing produced with innovative building technologies. / Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Content: Providing peculiar enhanced features to leather items is a factor of primary importance for the marketing of high-end articles; although the tanning production is oriented to satisfy a wide market range, it is mainly in the 'high end' and 'premium luxury' categories that the quality properties of the material are more expressed, indeed, and where the main current challenges have been focalized, in terms of technological innovation, sustainability and product quality. The light-coloured leathers belongs to the category of materials designed especially for the luxury market. For this type of articles, the uniformity of the colour and the agreeableness of the overall surface appearance are crucial requirements for the most of international fashion and luxury brands. One of the most common and undesirable defects of this type of article is the alteration of the color, with particular reference to the effects of yellowing of the surface of the material. There are several causes able to contribute to this type of defects, due to the complexity of the matrix and to the variability of traditional or innovative production processes used: from the fragility, photosensitivity and thermo-sensitivity of the finishing polymers, to the chemical instability of some finishing pigments, further than the presence of photosensitive additives, the migration of skin components or assembly components of the articles (fats, fillers, plasticizers, glues, etc.), up to the indirect contribution of environmental and thermo-climatic factors able to affect negatively the performance of the material. SSIP, which has always been involved in research and consulting activities for the leather industry with regards to defect monitoring, through this work, would offer an overview of all the main tools for advanced diagnostics (with particular reference to Scanning Electronic Microscopy and to chromatographic and spectroscopic methods) aimed to the identification of the causes of yellowing, beside to explore innovative solutions for the development of strategies for the resolution and / or minimization of the problem of yellowing. The technical solutions will include innovative tanning processes, innovative finishing methods, and leather surface treatments carried out in order to provide a sensible attenuation of surface absorption of IR (infrared) and UV (ultraviolet)-visible radiation. Take-Away: Advanced Diagnostics and innovative solutions for leather yellowing

International relations is constructed of ideas and concepts that have won legitimacy through the passage of time. Diplomacy is an ancient practices that has evolved and has become a practice that states have accepted as legitimate. The arrival of the digital world and the new Information Communications Technologies (ICTs) in the diplomatic world has made it possible to adopt trends like engaging in social media applications like Twitter to practice diplomacy. This creates the need to better understand the use of social media platforms as a tool of diplomacy. The growing engagement of Heads of States and Governments in communicating messages on Twitter, the so-called Twidiplomacy, is changing from what was considered a mere “trend” to a “common practice” in the conduct of diplomatic practice. As authorities share their culture through their behaviour and it is further shared and emulated through the use of Twitter by other authorities, these actions create new collective identities and shared knowledge in the diplomatic practice. These trends may lead to new patterns of diplomatic behaviour that may transform the diplomatic practice. Abdullakkutty (2018:11) contends that as an extension of innovative digital diplomacy “the use of social media is so extended that it can easily realise the diplomatic functions of negotiation, representation and communication”. Using a case study of tweets by a few Heads of States and Governments tweeting on similar major diplomatic incidents, this study researches these trends in innovative diplomacy leading to Twidiplomacy and how these are affecting the traditional roles of diplomacy, namely: negotiation, representation and communication. / Mini Dissertation (MDips)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Political Sciences / MA (Diplomatic Studies) / Unrestricted

Business leaders’ recognition of the increasing shortage of skilled workers to meet industry demand is a business problem. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that business leaders used to recruit skilled workers at 3 manufacturing facilities in South Carolina. The human capital theory was the conceptual framework used for this study. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 3 business leaders who demonstrated successful recruitment strategies, a focus group of 4 skilled manufacturing employees hired during the time period of 2018-2019, and a review of company documents. Data were analyzed using Yin’s 5-step process. Six key themes emerged from data analysis: competitive wages and benefits; clean, safe, and stable work environment; employee investment and on-the-job training; use of recruiting agencies and skilled recruiters; strong community relations/image; and industry competition. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to provide significant knowledge and skills to manufacturing leaders conducive to the success of recruiting skilled workers to meet their needs. By meeting the demand for skilled manufacturing workers, organizations could boost their bottom line by increasing productivity and sales. Because of greater profits, business leaders could increase their contribution to the community with stable employment and the creation of additional jobs through supplier initiatives.

At the root of all new policing approaches is the ever-present quest to find best practices to prevent and reduce crime, to improve the safety of communities and individuals and to enhance the delivery of all kinds of police services to communities. Police practice and policy, inclusive of standing orders, force orders, directives and other forms of guidelines and instructions, have undergone many changes over the years, especially after the constitutional changes in 1994 when community policing and 'rights-based' policing became the foundation of democratic policing in South Africa. On 13 January 2014, an innovative policing approach, namely sector policing was officially 're'-introduced to police stations. National Instruction 3/2013: Sector Policing was rolled out to 1 138 police stations for implementation. Minimum implementation criteria were determined in an effort to assist all police stations to implement sector policing. As a fundamental part of community policing, sector policing is seen as the enabling mechanism which organises and mobilises individuals in communities to establish the driving force in providing a more effective and person-centred service to the community. As such, sector policing is also a step towards the development of a modern, democratic policing style to meet the safety and security needs of every inhabitant of South Africa at local level. Although research on sector policing in South Africa is scant, the available research can be divided into three eras: Era 1 concerns research on 'non-official' sector policing from 1998 to 2009; Era 2 concerns research on National Instruction 3/2009 on Sector Policing from 2009 to 2013 and Era 3 concerns research since the implementation of National Instruction 3/2013 on Sector Policing. The current study pioneered research in terms of National Instruction 3/2013 on Sector Policing. The researcher aimed to gauge the perceptions of South African Police Service (SAPS) officials responsible for sector policing in Limpopo province with regard to the official implementation of sector policing according to National Instruction 3/2013 guidelines. The qualitative research approach was used with the purpose of exploring and describing the phenomenon being studied. Basic research was conducted by using a qualitative collective case study design. The exploration of the cases took place through semi-structured interviewing, a detailed in-depth data collection method. The researcher used the semi-structured interview schedule as research instrument to guide interviews. The non-probability sampling design was used. The selection of the sample depended on the purposive sampling design. During critical case sampling, as a type of purposeful sampling, the researcher purposefully selected and obtained information from the 10 station commanders and 20 sector commanders, from five rural and five urban police stations situated in the five districts of Limpopo province. A rural and an urban station were selected from each district. Data was collected and then processed through analytical procedures, into an understandable, insightful, trustworthy and original analysis. The technique that was used to analyse interviews was interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Some of the data was also presented in a descriptive statistical form to support the qualitative presentation of the data. The current study originated from personal interest but, it was also deemed important by SAPS and the researcher was requested by the Division: Visible Policing to determine the level of implementation of sector policing in Limpopo province in terms of Sector Policing National Instruction 3/2013. In addition, the researcher wanted to determine the perceptions of station commanders and sector commanders regarding the value of sector policing, as a crime reduction strategy, in their relevant policing precincts. The recording of the implementation process, successes and failures as well as perceptions by police officers in this regard was helpful in constructing best practices, which might be used by provinces and police stations countrywide. The findings of the current study stimulate further research. On-going research to monitor implementation levels and to oversee the implementation of Sector Policing National Instruction 3/2013 is important to successfully implement sector policing in South Africa. The study contributed to new knowledge by describing progress made since the official inception of sector policing in South Africa. It ultimately increased literature on the topic and the body of knowledge on sector policing, especially regarding Era 3. Several recommendations for future research are made and the findings of the current study could contribute to the development of training material and the improvement of current implementation guidelines concerning sector policing in South Africa. / Onderliggend tot alle nuwe polisie benaderings is die soeke na die beste praktyk ten einde misdaad te voorkom en te verminder, die veiligheid van gemeenskappe en individue te bevorder en dienslewering aan die gemeenskap te verbeter. Polisiepraktyk en -beleid, met inbegrip van staande orders, magsorders, bevele, riglyne en instruksies, het die afgelope jare baie verander, veral ná die konstitusionele veranderings in 1994 toe gemeenskapspolisiëring en polisiëring wat op regte gefundeer is, die basis van demokratiese polisiëring in Suid-Afrika geword het. Op 13 Januarie 2014 is ? innoverende polisiërings-benadering, naamlik sektor polisiëring, amptelik weer by polisie-stasies ingestel. Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2013 is na 1138 polisie-stasies uitgestuur vir implementering. Minimum implementerings-kriteria is vasgestel ten einde alle polisie-stasies behulpsaam te wees met die implementering van sektor- polisiëring. Sektor-polisiëring as ? fundamentele deel van gemeenskapspolisiëring, word beskou as ? meganisme waardeur individue in gemeenskappe georganiseer en gemobiliseer word om die dryfkrag te vestig vir die voorsiening van ? meer doeltreffende en mens gerigte diens aan die gemeenskap. Sektor-polisiëring is ook ? stap in die ontwikkeling van ? moderne, demokratiese polisiëring-styl met die doel om op plaaslike vlak in elke inwoner van Suid-Afrika se behoefte aan veligheid en sekuriteit te voorsien. Hoewel navorsing oor sektorpolisiëring in Suid-Afrika beperk is, kan die beskikbare navorsing in drie eras verdeel word: die eerste era sluit navorsing in oor 'nie-amptelike' sektor-polisiëring van 1998 tot 2009, die tweede era sluit navorsing in oor Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2009 van 2009 tot 2013 en die derde era sluit navorsing in sedert die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2013. Die bestaande studie fokus op die derde era en het die weg gebaan rakende navorsing in terme van Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2013. Die navorser het gepoog om die persepsies te bepaal van SAPD-beamptes wat verantwoordelik is vir die implementering van sektor-polisiëring in Limpopo-provinsie ingevolge die riglyne van Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2013. Die kwalitatiewe navorsings-benadering is gebruik met die doel om die verskynsel wat bestudeer is te ondersoek en te beskryf. Basiese navorsing is onderneem met behulp van ? kwalitatiewe kollektiewe gevallestudie-ontwerp. Die ondersoek van die gevalle het plaasgevind met behulp van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudvoering, ? deeglike data-insamelings-metode. Die navorser het die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud-skedule as navorsings instrument gebruik om die onderhoude te rig. Die nie-waarskynlikheidsteekproefontwerp is gebruik. Die keuse van die steekproef het op die doelgerigte steekproef-ontwerp berus. As vorm van doelgerigte steekproefontwerk het die navorser 10 stasie-bevelvoerders en 20 sektor-bevelvoerders van vyf stedelike en vyf plattelandse polisie-stasies geleë in die vyf distrikte van die Limpopo-provinsie doelgerig uitgesoek. ? Stedelike en plattelandse polisie-stasie is uit elke distrik gekies. Data is versamel en in 'n verstaanbare, insiggewende, betroubare en oorspronklike analise verwerk. Die interpretatiewe fenomenologiese analitiese (IPA) tegniek is aangewend om die onderhoude te analiseer. Sommige van die data is ook in ? beskrywende, statistiese vorm aangebied om die kwalitatiewe aanbieding van die data te ondersteun. Die motivering vir die huidige navorsingstudie het ontstaan uit persoonlike belangstelling en dit was ook as belangrik beskou deur die SAPD en die navorser is derhalwe versoek deur die sigbare polisiëringsafdeling om die implementeringsvlak van sektor-polisiëring in Limpopo-provinsie ingevolge Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2013 vas te stel. Dit was ook vir die navorser belangrik om stasie- en sektorbevelvoerders se persepsies van die waarde van sektorpolisiëring as misdaadvoorkoming-strategie in hul onderskeie polisiëringsgebiede vas te stel. Die optekening van sowel die implementasieproses, sukses en mislukkings as die persepsies van polisiebeamptes in hierdie verband het bygedra tot die formulering van beste praktyk wat gebruik kan word deur provinsies en polisiestasies landwyd. Die navorsings-bevindings van die onderhawige studie kan verdere navorsing stimuleer. Volgehoue navorsing om die vlak van implementering te monitor en oorsig van die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring Nasionale Instruksie 3/2013 is belangrik om sektor-polisiëring in Suid Afrika te implimenteer. Die navorsing het bygedra tot nuwe kennis ten opsigte van sektor-polisiëring deur die vordering wat reeds gemaak is sedert implementering in Suid Afrika, onder die loep te neem. Die studie dra by tot uitbreiding van literatuur en die inhoud oor sektor-polisiëring, veral ten opsigte van Era 3. Verskeie aanbevelings vir toekomstige naorsing word gemaak wat benut kan word vir die ontwikkeling van opleidings-materiaal en die verbetering van bestaande implementeringsriglyne rakende sektor-polisiëring in Suid Afrika. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted