Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Micheal J. Brouk / Four studies were conducted that focused either on silage quality parameters or heat abatement systems to improve cow comfort. Study 1 evaluated the effects of treating whole-plant corn at harvest with a dual-purpose commercial silage inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactococcus lactis O224 on fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage through 32 d of ensiling. Inoculating silage to be fed after minimal storage time (≤ 32 d post-harvest) had no effect (P > 0.05) on the chemical composition, fermentation variables, aerobic stability or rise in temperature post-harvest. Study 2 was designed to develop a berry processing score (BPS) for sorghum silage as well as evaluate the change in starch digestibility as the level of berry processing increased. A method to evaluate the level of processing in sorghum silage was successfully developed by measuring the percent of starch passing through a 1.7 mm screen. This provides the industry with a standardized method to measure the level of processing in sorghum silage. As BPS increased from 26.28 to 55.05 ± 0.04%, 7-h in situ starch digestibility increased from 50.54 to 82.07 ± 4.94% for unprocessed and heavily processed sorghum silage, respectively (R² = 0.43). By processing sorghum silage during harvest and measuring the extent of processing, sorghum silage starch digestibility can be enhanced and may serve as a viable alternative to corn silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows in areas of the country where corn silage is a high-risk forage crop due to lack of water. Study 3 evaluated the effects of 2 heat stress abatement systems on barn temperature, micro-environmental temperature, core body temperature (CBT), respiration rate, rear udder temperature, and lying time in lactating dairy cows. The systems evaluated were: direct cooling via feedline soakers and fans, or evaporative cooling via a fan and fog system. The evaporative cooling system was effective (P = 0.04) in reducing respiration rates (52.0 vs. 57.9 ± 2.2 breaths per min; P < 0.01) and rear udder temperatures (33.2 vs. 34.5 ± 0.3ºC; P < 0.01), and increased daily lying time (11.8 vs. 10.8 ± 0.3 h/d; P < 0.01) due to differences in barn THI and airflow. No treatment differences (P = 0.79) were detected for CBT, likely due to cooler ambient conditions during the study. Study 4 assessed the effects of the same evaporative and direct cooling systems as in Study 2 but were applied in the holding area prior to afternoon milking, where effects on CBT and micro-environmental temperature in lactating dairy cows were measured in addition to water usage by each system. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between direct cooling and evaporative cooling were detected for micro-environmental THI. However, the evaporative cooling system reduced the consumption of water in the holding area while maintaining CBT < 39.0ºC. Future research should be conducted under greater ambient THI to determine if an evaporative cooling system is able to maintain CBT < 39.0ºC, while also comparing CBT and water usage to a soaker system in the holding area.

Orientadora: Eliana Gertrudes Macedo Lemos / Banca: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas / Banca: Haroldo Alves Pereira Junior / Banca: Jackson Antonio Marcondes de Souza / Banca: Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha Silva / Resumo: O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) faz parte da família Fabaceae, que é capaz de associar-se com bactérias do gênero Rhizobium. Em solos onde o amendoim é cultivado tem-se a presença de uma população autóctone desta bactéria. A necessidade de inoculação das sementes de amendoim em solos contendo população autóctone tem sido sempre discutida. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inoculação de sementes de amendoim cultivado em vasos contendo vermiculita e a interação existente entre microrganismo-planta e microrganismo-microrganismo, foi realizado um experimento sob cultivo em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 0,5 L, com o cultivar IAC 886 e a IAC Tatu-ST, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de aplicação dos isolados individualmente e combinados com a estirpe padrão tipo SEMIA 6144, Bradyrhizoibium sp., recomendada pelo Ministério da Agricultura e sem aplicação de inoculante, sem aplicação de qualquer isolado. Houve interação entre o tipo de plantio e a aplicação de inoculante para todas as variáveis analisadas. Para a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea houve uma diferença significativa. O variável número de nódulos e o teor de Nitrogênio também apresentam diferenças quanto à aplicação, sendo que, em todos os casos foram superiores ao controle sem aplicação com os isolados nativos. / Abstract: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) belonging to Fabacea family, is able of associating with bacteria from Rhizobium genus. In soils where peanut is grown, there is usually an autochthonous population of these bacterial, however, the need of inoculation in peanut seeds in soils containing autochthonous population has always been controversial subject. With the objective of evaluating the effects of peanut seeds inoculation cultivated in vases contend vermiculite and to verifying the interaction with plant regulators, an experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, with three repetitions containing Runner IAC 886 e IAC Tatu-ST cultivar. The treatments were constituted of application of the individually isolated and combined with the lineage standard Bradyrhizobium sp., SEMIA 6144, recommended by Bureau of the Agriculture. An interaction was observed between the type of plantation and the application of inoculants for all analysed variable. For the mass of dry matter of the aerial part it had a significant difference. The variable numbers of nodules and rate of Nitrogen also present differences related to the treatments, being that, in all the cases was greater to the control without application of the isolated natives. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vittori_j_me_jabo.pdf: 179453 bytes, checksum: ba26e6c54868af1d8a37acaf9f491fe1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Visando suplementar ruminantes no período seco, a cana-de-açúcar nos últimos anos tem sido bastante pesquisada e empregada como volumoso alternativo, principalmente na forma de silagem. Na ensilagem desta forrageira, principalmente quando utilizada após queima do canavial, ocorre uma alta atividade de leveduras epífitas que convertem os carboidratos solúveis da forragem em etanol, gás carbônico e água, levando a elevadas perdas de matéria seca, aumento no teor de fibra em detergente neutro e diminuição de consumo. Buscando amenizar esses problemas temse pesquisado inoculantes bacterianos compostos por bactérias ácido-produtoras, tais como o Lactobacillus buchneri. Sendo assim, objetivando avaliar os efeitos antimicrobianos e químicos na silagem de cana-de-açúcar queimada e inoculada com Lactobacillus buchneri, quatro silos de superfície foram analisados por meio dos seguintes tratamentos: cana-de-açúcar crua sem aditivo; cana-de-açúcar crua inoculada com L. buchneri; cana-de-açúcar queimada sem aditivo e cana-de-açúcar queimada e inoculada com L. buchneri. As amostragens foram efetuadas após 0, 21, 49, 77 e 105 dias de utilização dos silos, sendo retiradas do centro e superfície do painel. Houve redução na população de leveduras e fungos filamentosos nas silagens inoculadas e aumento nas queimadas. Constatou-se maior população de microrganismos na camada superficial, além de maiores valores de pH e nitrogênio amoniacal. Ocorreram menores perdas de matéria seca na silagem de cana-de-açúcar queimada e inoculada em relação ao seu controle. As silagens apresentaram os fungos filamentosos Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus e Neurospora após abertura, verificando-se redução na frequência dos mesmos ao longo do período. O inoculante exerceu um efeito redutor na população de leveduras e na perda de MS sendo esse efeito potencializado pela... / In order to supplement ruminants’s diets in dry period, sugarcane in the last years has been researched and processed as silage to used as an alternative food. In this ensilage process, mainly after sugar cane plantation have been set on fire, occurs a high activity of yeasts that convert the soluble carbohydrates of the forage in ethanol, carbon dioxide and water, leading to dry matter losses, increase in fiber content and decrease in the intake. In a way to solve those problems bacterial inoculants produced with acid-producers bacteria’s, such as Lactobacillus buchneri, have been researched. Considering this the aim of the present study was to evaluate the microbiological and chemical effects on burned sugarcane silage when inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri. Four silos type surface were analyzed using the following treatments: sugarcane without additives; sugarcane inoculated with L. buchneri; burned sugarcane without additives; and burned sugarcane inoculated with L. buchneri. The samples were taken after 0, 21, 49, 77 and 105 days after opening the silos and they were taken from the center and the surface of the panel. There was a reduction in the population of yeasts and filamentous fungi in inoculated silages and an increase of them in burned silages. There was a greater population of microorganisms in the superficial layer, in addition to higher pH values and ammoniacal nitrogen. The burned silage inoculated with L. buchneri showed the least amount of losses of dry matter in comparison to the control sample. The fungi Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus and Neospora were found in the silages after opening the silos and the frequency of these microorganisms decreased with the passing of time. The inoculating had an reduccing effect in the yeast's population and in the loss of DM, and this effect was enhanced by the burn of the sugarcane... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Kraig Roozeboom / Nitrogen fixation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean [Glycine max] is highly beneficial in soybean crop production. Nodulation issues have been encountered on fields new to growing soybeans in recent years in Kansas. The purpose of this research was to evaluate soybean nodulation performance under various situations and seed handling practices in order to educate producers on how to achieve reliable nodulation consistency in the field. The objectives of the study were to: 1) compare inoculant products using single and double rates and in combination with one another on fields with varying soybean history; 2) determine if there was a negative interaction between inoculant products and common seed treatments; and 3) discover the influence of inoculated seed storage conditions before planting on the rhizobia’s ability to successfully nodulate soybean roots. Field experiments were conducted on diverse Kansas sites in 2011 and 2012. Inoculant treatment and seed treatment interaction trials had ten and seven experimental sites respectively. Inoculated seed storage conditions were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment during the spring of 2013. All studies used a randomized complete block design with four replications. The Novozymes inoculant products generally provided superior nodulation performance over other company products in the study where soybean had not been in recent rotation with an average increase of 167% in nodule number verses the control. The combination of dry and liquid inoculant products provided a significant increase in root nodule number at five of the environments out of recent rotation with a 76% increase over single inoculant rates. Although there were early season nodulation differences between treatments in new soybean ground, these did not carry through to seed yield differences in the majority of research sites. Hot and dry summer conditions reduced yields, making detection of treatment differences difficult. There were no negative effects on nodulation performance with any of the seed treatments. Although soybean seed yield was 634 kg ha[superscript]-[superscript]1 greater for the Novozyme combination treatment compared to the check at one location in 2011, the control yielded as well or better than all other treatment/inoculant combinations, implying that yield differences were likely not related to inoculant treatments. At other sites, yield was not influenced by seed treatment and inoculant combinations. Results indicate that seed treatment formulations did not significantly impact bacterial inoculant product performance, soybean nodulation, or yield. Storage conditions had no effect on nodulation performance in the greenhouse study, likely due to survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the heat-treated growth medium.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-02T12:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Ciro Igor Torres Sizenando.pdf: 698810 bytes, checksum: 11df6396d3b2c6adbed9262dd3c696ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T20:28:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Ciro Igor Torres Sizenando.pdf: 698810 bytes, checksum: 11df6396d3b2c6adbed9262dd3c696ea (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Ciro Igor Torres Sizenando.pdf: 698810 bytes, checksum: 11df6396d3b2c6adbed9262dd3c696ea (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of leading oilseeds grown worldwide and considered one of the most important oleaginous crops. Due to wide adaptability to tropical conditions and economic value, peanuts may have an important role in the generation of income to small farmers located at Northeast region. The adoption of new crop practices encompassing agroecological management should be encouraged among farmers in order to minimizing costs, such as biological fertilization by using Bradyrhizobium inoculants. The response inoculation, however, is genotype dependent thus it is necessary to identify peanut genotypes more responsive to BNF in order to promote better growth and development of plants. In this study, two peanut genotypes were submitted to management involving three Bradyrhizobium isolates aiming to estimate the pod and seed yield. The experiment was carried out in experimental field of UFRPE, Recife, PE, using two earliness genotypes, BR 1 and L7 bege. Seeds were planted in plots performed by five 3m-rows, using the spacing of 0.70 m x 0.20 m. The soil was previously fertilized with superphosphate and potassium chloride. The treatments were: fertilization with three different Bradyrhizobium isolates (1: 115-7, 2: 123-10 and 3: 1436 SEMIA 6144), fertilization with diammonium sulfate and absolut control (no nitrogen fertilization and inoculation). The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with four replications. The variables evaluations were: plant height, number of nodules and pods per plant, pod weight and harvest index. It both genotypes had significant response to both Bradyrhizobium and diammonium sulfate fertilizations, mainly to pod pro. Cultivar BR 1 was better benefited with 1 and 2 isolates, revealing 56% and 43% increasing in pod productions, respectively, while L7 bege was responsive only to 2 with increase of 32% and same result to diammonium sulfate fertilization. Based on condition on this research, SEMIA 6144 did not show effectiveness to both genotypes used in this work. / O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) é uma das principais oleaginosas cultivadas no Brasil e no mundo, considerada uma das mais importantes culturas entre as leguminosas. Em função da larga adaptabilidade às condições tropicais e por ser uma cultura de valor econômico, o amendoim tem um papel importante para a geração de renda de pequenos agricultores na região Nordeste, especialmente de base familiar. A adoção de práticas culturais de cunho agroecológico e de baixo custo devem ser estimuladas como forma de incentivar o cultivo de forma mais adaptada para as tendências da região, tais como, o uso de fertilizantes biológicos a base de Bradyrhizobium. A resposta à inoculação, contudo, é genótipo dependente. Desta forma torna-se necessário a identificação de genótipos de amendoim que sejam mais responsivos a FBN e que contribuam para promover o crescimento e desenvolvimento da cultura. Neste trabalho, dois genótipos de amendoim foram submetidos a um manejo envolvendo três isolados de Bradyrhizobium visando estimar a produtividade em função dos nódulos produzidos. O experimento foi instalado na área experimental da UFRPE, Recife, PE, utilizando-se dois genótipos eretos, de ciclo curto, BR 1 e L7 bege. A unidade experimental foi composta por cinco linhas de três metros de comprimento, onde as três centrais foram utilizadas como área útil. O solo foi previamente fertilizado com cloreto de potássio e superfosfato simples. O plantio foi feito utilizando o espaçamento de 0,70 m entre fileiras e 0,20 m entre plantas. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: fertilização com três inoculantes distintos a base de Bradyrhizobium (isolado 1: 115-7, isolado 2: 123-10A e isolado 3: 1436 SEMIA 6144), fertilização nitrogenada (sulfato de amônio) e controle (cultivo sem fertilização nitrogenada). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As variáveis registradas foram: altura de planta, número de nódulos e de vagens/planta, peso de vagens e índice de colheita. Verificou-se que ambos os genótipos obtiveram resposta significativa para as duas fontes de N aplicadas, a linhagem L7 Bege obteve médias superiores a cultivar BR1 em todas as variáveis, com exceção da altura de plantas. Para a produção de vagens, os genótipos mostraram-se responsivos tanto a fonte química como para inoculação com Bradyrhizobium; os isolados 1 e 2 revelaram melhor afinidade com a cultivar BR1 proporcionando incremento de 56% e 43%, respectivamente. Por outro lado a linhagem L7 Bege mostrou-se responsiva apenas ao isolado 2 com incremento de 32%, mesmo resultado obtido com o tratamento químico. O isolado 3, recomendado para a cultura do amendoim, não apresentou efeito significativo.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-30T18:01:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IvoneSilva.pdf: 583010 bytes, checksum: 63a8c92ecbd3b2c08c1cca338574afed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T18:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvoneSilva.pdf: 583010 bytes, checksum: 63a8c92ecbd3b2c08c1cca338574afed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of the hay of the cassava stalk with urea and sugar cane silage inoculated with bacterial additives. To the A randomized complete design with five treatments (urea levels 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% of dry matter, DM) and five replicates (bags for chemical treatment) was used. In the evaluation of sugarcane silage, the design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 3 x 3 (fermentation periods 10, 60 and 90 days x addition of inoculant Propionibacterium acidipropionici or Lactobacillus buchnerie not inoculated). The content of DM, crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NIDN), hemicellulose (HEM), lignin, ashes; And ruminal degradability, regarding ruminal degradation parameters a, b and c, potential degradation and effective degradability of DM. Cassava stem hay presented lower DM content and higher CP content at the 8% level of urea. The levels of NIDN, NDF, FDA and lignin decreased as the level of urea in the material was increased. For the degradation parameters, the water soluble fraction (a) increased from the 4% level of urea and fraction b presented higher values ​​for levels 4, 6 and 8% of urea. Potential degradation (A) was higher at the 4% level of urea, the effective degradability at the rates of 2, 5 and 8% / hour, was higher than the 6% level of urea. For the sugarcane silage, the period of 90 days presented a lower pH mean, between the fermentation periods, only in the silage without additive there was a reduction in the dry matter content with a period of 90 days. The CP content was not influenced (P> 0.05) by the fermentation period and microbial additive. The bacterium P. acidipropionici provided a lower NDF content in the period of 10 days. There was no difference (P> 0.05) for the contents of HEM and FDA and lignin. The silages with the bacterium P. acidipropionici presented higher soluble fraction, potential degradation and effective degradability at 10 days of fermentation, at 60 days there was no variation in the soluble fraction, but the control silage presented higher insoluble fraction, greater potential degradation and effective degradability. At 90 days of fermentation, the silages with L. buchneri presented higher fraction a, rate of degradation and DE, the control treatment obtained higher value of b. Cassava stem hay ammoniation improves the chemical composition and is recommended at 6 to 8% urea level in DM. However, it presented low levels of ruminal degradation. The inoculants were efficient in maintaining the DM contents of the silages, however, they did not alter the degradation. / Objetivou-se, avaliar o valor nutritivo do feno da haste da mandioca amonizado com ureia e da silagem de cana-se-açúcar inoculada com aditivos bacterianos. Para a avaliação do feno da haste da mandioca amonizado adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (níveis de ureia 0; 2; 4; 6 e 8% da matéria seca, MS) e cinco repetições (sacos para tratamento químico). Na avaliação da silagem de cana-de-açúcar, adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 (períodos de fermentação 10; 60 e 90 dias x adição de inoculante Propionibacterium acidipropionici ou Lactobacillus buchnerie não inoculada). Analisou-se o teor de MS, proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN), hemicelulose (HEM), lignina, cinzas; e degradabilidade ruminal, quanto aos parâmetros de degradação ruminal a, b e c, degradação potencial e degradabilidade efetiva da MS. O feno da haste da mandioca apresentou menor teor de MS e maior teor de PB no nível de 8% de ureia. Os teores de NIDN, FDN, FDA e lignina, diminuíram à medida que foi aumentado o nível de ureia no material. Para os parâmetros de degradação, a fração solúvel em água (a) aumentou a partir do nível de 4% de ureia e a fração b apresentou maior valor para os níveis 4, 6 e 8 % de ureia. A degradação potencial (A) foi superior para o nível de 4% de ureia, a degradabilidade efetiva nas taxas de passagem de 2, 5 e 8%/hora, foi superior o nível de 6% de ureia. Para a silagem de cana-de-açúcar, o período de 90 dias apresentou menor média de pH, entre os períodos de fermentação, apenas na silagem sem aditivo ocorreu redução no teor de matéria seca com período de 90 dias. O teor de PB não foi influenciado (P>0,05) pelo período de fermentação e aditivo microbiano. A bactéria P. acidipropionici proporcionou menor teor de FDN no período de 10 dias. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para os teores de HEM e FDA e lignina. As silagens com a bactéria P. acidipropionici apresentaram maior fração solúvel, degradação potencial e degradabilidade efetiva aos 10 dias de fermentação, aos 60 dias não houve variação na fração solúvel, mas a silagem controle apresentou maior fração insolúvel, maior degradação potencial e degradabilidade efetiva. Aos 90 dias de fermentação, as silagens com L. buchneri apresentaram maior fração a, taxa de degradação e DE, o tratamento controle obteve maior valor de b. A amonização do feno da haste da mandioca melhora a composição química, sendo recomendado nível de 6 a 8% de ureia, na MS, no entanto, apresentou baixos níveis de degradação ruminal. Os inoculantes foram eficientes em manter os teores de MS das silagens, no entanto, não alteraram a degradação.

CAPES / Currently there is a need to produce seedlings at low cost and with high quality to be used in the recovery of degraded areas and the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve their development in low fertility soils. AMF have several benefits for the plants, because they promote increased survival and establishment of seedlings in the field, as with the symbiosis hyphae improve water use and nutrients. And before this, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth of seedlings Albizia polycephala inoculated with different AMF. First they were produced inoculants through traps vessels with species of native AMF obtained from samplings in the rhizosphere of matrices Albizia polycephala. Later two experiments were conducted, the first being tested five species of AMF from the Collection arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Embrapa Agrobiology (COFMEA), mounted in a completely randomized block design with six treatments (control - without inoculation, Scutellospora calospora (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & F.E. Sanders, Acaulospora colombiana (Spain & N.C. Schenck) Kaonongbua, J.B. Morton & Bever, Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Sch??ler, Dentiscutata heterogama (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) Sieverd., F.A. Souza & Oehl e Gigaspora margarita W.N. Becker & I.R. Hall) and nine repetitions. In the second experiment inoculants native AMF were tested (native inoculant) and the best species of AMF in the first experiment (Embrapa inoculant). The experimental design was randomized blocks with eight repetitions, in a factorial 3 x 4, that is, three treatments (a witness - no inoculation and two inoculants - native inoculum and mixture of three species from COFMEA) and four doses of P (0, 35, 140 and 350 mg/dm?), applied in the form of superphosphate. The seed Albizia polycephala germinated in trays with sand and vermiculite (2: 1with based on volume) and when the seedlings had a pair of leaves were transplanted with the inoculant in plastic containers of 700 ml with PVC cartridge 380 cm? coupled your background. During the experiments were conducted biweekly measurements of height and diameter and after collection, the root colonization rate assessments, spore density, dry matter of shoot, root dry matter, reason root /shoot and leaf phosphorus content . The results obtained through the evaluations showed that the species of Acaulospora colombiana was the most effective in promoting the growth of Albizia polycephala. Furthermore, the inoculant of COFMEA provided better growth in different phosphorus levels than native inoculant. Thus, it can be stated that the tested species has association with AMF efficiently and has high dependence mycorrhizal. / Atualmente existe a necessidade de se produzir mudas a baixo custo e com ?tima qualidade para serem utilizadas na recupera??o de ?reas degradadas e a utiliza??o dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMAs) pode melhorar o seu desenvolvimento em solos de baixa fertilidade. Os FMAs apresentam v?rios benef?cios para as plantas, pois promovem uma maior sobreviv?ncia e estabelecimento das mudas no campo, j? que com a simbiose as hifas melhoram o aproveitamento de ?gua e nutrientes. E diante disso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Albizia polycephala inoculadas com diferentes FMAs. Primeiramente foram produzidos inoculantes atrav?s de vasos armadilhas com esp?cies de FMAs nativos, obtidos a partir de coletas de solo na rizosfera de matrizes de Albizia polycephala. Posteriormente foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo no primeiro testadas cinco esp?cies de FMAs provenientes da Cole??o de fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares da Embrapa Agrobiologia (COFMEA), em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com seis tratamentos (Testemunha ? sem inocula??o, Scutellospora calospora (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & F.E. Sanders, Acaulospora colombiana (Spain & N.C. Schenck) Kaonongbua, J.B. Morton & Bever, Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Sch??ler, Dentiscutata heterogama (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) Sieverd., F.A. Souza & Oehl e Gigaspora margarita W.N. Becker & I.R. Hall) e nove repeti??es. No segundo experimento foram testados os inoculantes de FMAs nativos (inoculante nativo) e as melhores esp?cies de FMAs do primeiro experimento (inoculante Embrapa). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com oito repeti??es, em fatorial 3 x 4, ou seja, tr?s tratamentos (uma testemunha ? sem inocula??o e dois inoculantes ? in?culo nativo e mistura de tr?s esp?cies provenientes da COFMEA) e quatro doses de P (0, 35, 140 e 350 mg/dm?), aplicado na forma de superfosfato simples. As sementes de Albizia polycephala germinaram em bandejas contendo areia e vermiculita (2:1com base em volume) e quando as pl?ntulas tinham um par de folhas foram transplantadas junto com o inoculante em recipientes pl?sticos de 700 ml com tubete de PVC de 380 cm? acoplado em seu fundo. Durante os experimentos foram realizadas medi??es quinzenais de altura e di?metro e ap?s a coleta, as avalia??es de taxa de coloniza??o da raiz, densidade de esporos, mat?ria seca da parte a?rea, mat?ria seca da raiz, raz?o raiz/parte a?rea e teor de f?sforo foliar. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s das avalia??es mostraram que a esp?cie de Acaulospora colombiana foi a mais eficiente em promover o crescimento de Albizia polycephala. Al?m disso, o inoculante da COFMEA proporcionou melhores crescimentos em diferentes doses de f?sforo do que o inoculante nativo. Desta forma, pode-se afirmar que a esp?cie testada apresenta associa??o com FMAs de forma eficiente e tem alta depend?ncia micorr?zica.

Third-cutting alfalfa hay harvested at bud stage in each of 2 yrs, treated with a live bacterial incoulant, packed in polyethylene-bonded bags and allowed to ensile. In both years, treated haylage had a lower pH, and a period effect was found for pH and mold count, regardless of treatment. In year 1, there was a period effect found for acid detergent fiber. In year 2, mean lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers (log 10) were significantly higher for treated haylage (9.69 and 10.36) for control and treated haylage, respectively). Regardless of treatment, lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers and water soluble carbohydrates significantly declined through time. For both years, treated haylage was fed to early-lactating dairy cows at 60% of the ration dry matter. In year 1, lactating cows were fed treated haylage for a 10-wk period, and no differences were observed in milk production performance or dry matter intake over cows fed untreated haylage. In year 2, cows were fed for a 6-wk period, and no differences were detected between treatments for milk production, milk composition, or dry matter intake.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-28T12:57:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Wagner Soares da Costa Junior.pdf: 671389 bytes, checksum: 4cc59c09b13084af673f945baff57103 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-08-30T12:15:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Wagner Soares da Costa Junior.pdf: 671389 bytes, checksum: 4cc59c09b13084af673f945baff57103 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T12:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Wagner Soares da Costa Junior.pdf: 671389 bytes, checksum: 4cc59c09b13084af673f945baff57103 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / CAPES / O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar as perdas por gases e efluente, as características fermentativas e microbiologicas, a composição bromatológica, bem como estimar os parâmetros cinéticos da digestibilidade ruminal in situ de silagens de capim Panicum Maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia inoculada com aditivo microbiano-enzimático. Foram testados o feitos de emurchecimento e inoculante, obtendo quatro tratamentos: silagem sem emurchecimento sem inoculante, silagem sem emurchecimento com inoculante, silagem emurchecida sem inoculante e silagem emurchecida com inoculante e três tempo de abertura(40 e 80 dias de ensilagem) e tempo zero sendo a forragem, distribuídos em um delineamento fatorial 2x2x3 inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foi feito um corte de uniformização da forrageira, realizado na altura de 30 cm do nível do solo. O capim tanzânia foi ensilado com 45 dias de rebrotação após o corte a 30 cm do solo e a forragem foi ensilada em silos experimentais de 1,3 litros, dotados de uma válvula de sifão e com 600 g de areia adicionados no fundo para retenção dos efluentes. A abertura dos silos ocorreu após 40 e 80 dias. Os dados foram analisadas utilizando o procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS, versão 9.3. Os efeitos principais e interações foram definidos pelo teste-F da ANOVA, sendo o comando SLICEDIFF usado para separar interações significativas. A opção LSMEANS foi utilizada para gerar as médias individuais para cada efeito. Por tratar-se de um fator quantitativo (tempo de abertura), contrastes ortogonais foram utilizados para partição específica dos efeitos de tempo de abertura com umidade e tipo de inoculante. O emurchecimento aumentou o teor de matéria seca de 18,10 para 44,18, mantendo em uma faixa ideal para conservação, melhorou características bromatologicas. Ainda reduziram as perdas por efluente e gás e N-amoniacal das silagens. O uso de inoculante microbiano-enzimático alterou as taxas de perdas por gases e nitrogênio amoniacal, de forma mais evidente em silagens com baixo teor de matéria seca. O inoculante aumentou a contagem lactobacilos nas forragens, diminui a contagem final de levedura e a concentração de acido acético e álcool. O emurchecimento diminui a concentração de acido acético, butírico e lático. Através do emurchecimento e inoculação se obteve o melhor valor de pH (4,54). O emurchecimento da forragem pode ser recomendado como técnicas para ensilagem de capim Tanzânia, pois melhoram a qualidade da silagem ao diminuírem os teores de ácido butírico e acético. O uso de aditivo microbiano-enzimático aliado ao emurchecimento na ensilagem do capim tanzânia, apresentaram o menor valor de pH diminuição. / The experiment was conducted to evaluate losses and effluent gases, fermentation and Microbiological characteristics, chemical composition, and to evaluate the kinetic parameters of in situ ruminal digestibility of grass silages Panicum Maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania inoculated with microbial-enzyme additive. The inoculant made from wilting and tested, obtaining four treatments: no wilted silage inoculant without silage inoculant with no wilted silage inoculant and wilted without wilted silage inoculant and three time with opening (40 and 80 days of ensiling) and zero time being fodder, distributed in a 2x2x3 factorial design randomized with three replications. One of regrowth forage, held at the height of 30 cm from the ground level was done. Tanzania The grass was ensiled with 45 days of regrowth after cutting 30 cm of soil and forage was ensiled in experimental silos of 1.3 liters, equipped with a valve and siphon with 600 g of sand in the bottom for added retention of effluent. The Silos were opened after 40 and 80 days. Data were analyzed using the SAS procedure GLIMMIX, version 9.3. The main effects and interactions were defined by the F-test of ANOVA, and the command used to separate SLICEDIFF significant interactions. The LSMEANS option was used to generate the individual averages for each effect. Because it is a quantitative factor (opening time), orthogonal contrasts were used to partition the effects of specific opening time with humidity and type of inoculant. Wilting increased the dry matter content of 18.10 to 44.18, keeping in an ideal range for conservation, improved qualitative characteristics. Further reduced effluent losses and gas and ammonia-N silages. The use of microbial-enzyme inoculant shifted exchange losses gases and ammonia nitrogen, most clearly in silages with low content of dry matter. The inoculant increased lactobacilli count in fodder, reduces the final count of yeast and the concentration of acetic acid and alcohol. Wilting reduces the concentration of acetic, butyric and lactic acid. Through wilting and inoculation we got the best pH value (4.54). Wilting the forage can be recommended as techniques for ensiling Tanzania, for improving silage quality by decreasing the levels of butyric and acetic acid. The use of microbial-enzymatic additive combined with wilted grass silage of Tanzania, had the lowest pH value decreased.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de planta e de grãos úmidos de milho com a utilização de inoculante microbiano, bem como o uso de filme plástico de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio associado ao filme convencional. Para tanto foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro e segundo experimentos os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos de doses de Lactobacillus buchneri (5x104, 1x105, 5x105 e 1x106 UFC/ g) sobre as características fermentativas, a dinâmica microbiológica, a estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional de silagens de planta e de grãos úmidos de milho. No terceiro experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do filme plástico de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio associado ao filme convencional sobre a perdas na armazenagem e a estabilidade aeróbia de silagem de planta de milho, em silo tipo superfície. O L. buchneri é eficiente no controle de leveduras e fungos filamentosos, assim como melhora a estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta e de grãos úmidos de milho e não afeta o valor nutricional. O filme de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio associado ao filme convencional é eficiente na manutenção das características fermentativas, no controle da população de leveduras e na redução de perdas, principalmente quando a fatia de retirada é menor / Abstract: Aimed to evaluate the aerobic stability of plant and of high moisture corn silage with the use of microbial inoculant and oxygen barrier film associated with conventional film. Therefore, three experiments were conducted. In the first and second experiments the objectives were to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri doses (5x104, 1x105, 5x105 and 1x106 CFU/g) on the fermentation characteristics, microbial dynamics, aerobic stability and nutritional value of plant and of grain moisture corn silage. The third experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen barrier film associated with conventional film under the storage losses and aerobic stability of plant corn silage in a horizontal silo. The L. buchneri is effective in control of yeasts and molds, and improve the aerobic stability of plant and of high moisture corn silage and do not affect nutritional value. The oxygen barrier film is effective in maintaining the fermentation characteristics, in yeasts population control and loss reduction, mainly when the feedout rate is lower / Orientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Coorientador: Thiago Fernandes Bernardes / Coorientador: Ana Claudia Ruggieri / Banca: Clóves Cabreira Jobim / Banca: Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine / Mestre