There are two purposes of this study: to examine the institutional strategies that two Canadian universities have developed in attracting international undergraduate students to study on campus, and to gain an understanding of the factors that influence undergraduate students to choose Canada as a destiny for education, and their views on the institutional marketing and recruitment strategies. This study employed a marketing model and institutional theory as key conceptual frameworks. The data collected for the two case study universities include interviews with university leaders and international students, and an on-line survey with international students. Institutional initiatives for international student recruitment have been influenced by various factors, such as provincial government policies, institutional leadership, university traditions and organizational structure, financial status, the capacity of institution, and the provincial higher education system. While one of the case study universities adopted a decentralized and the other adopted a centralized approach to international student recruitment, the different organization structure does not make a great difference since international student enrolment increased at a similar pace in the last decade. The two case study universities shared similarities in marketing and recruitment strategies, which was to influence international students’ university choice by providing information through diversified means and interacting with students at different stages in their university selection process. The major marketing activities, which are designed to present information and convince students to apply, can be categorized into three groups: (1) outreach activities, which include school visits, post-offer events and attending fairs; (2) intermediate activities, which include attending and holding professional conferences to influence high school counsellors; (3) on-campus events, which include a visitors’ center, on-line chat and video conferences, and maintaining a university website to provide up-to-date information to students. The study showed that most international students chose a university based on its reputation and program quality, followed by the recognition of the degree in their home country, tuition and expenses, and the quick response of the university. Therefore, the academic pull factor is core and dominant, followed by the recognition factor, the financial factor, and the administrator factor. Degree being recognized by home country and the advice of family members remain the two dominant push factors. International students sought university information from over six sources on average. The information sources provided by the universities are rated more important than public information sources, and are exactly what most students seek information from. Therefore, the marketing and recruitment strategies of the two Canadian universities are congruent with the process of international students’ university choice.

There are two purposes of this study: to examine the institutional strategies that two Canadian universities have developed in attracting international undergraduate students to study on campus, and to gain an understanding of the factors that influence undergraduate students to choose Canada as a destiny for education, and their views on the institutional marketing and recruitment strategies. This study employed a marketing model and institutional theory as key conceptual frameworks. The data collected for the two case study universities include interviews with university leaders and international students, and an on-line survey with international students. Institutional initiatives for international student recruitment have been influenced by various factors, such as provincial government policies, institutional leadership, university traditions and organizational structure, financial status, the capacity of institution, and the provincial higher education system. While one of the case study universities adopted a decentralized and the other adopted a centralized approach to international student recruitment, the different organization structure does not make a great difference since international student enrolment increased at a similar pace in the last decade. The two case study universities shared similarities in marketing and recruitment strategies, which was to influence international students’ university choice by providing information through diversified means and interacting with students at different stages in their university selection process. The major marketing activities, which are designed to present information and convince students to apply, can be categorized into three groups: (1) outreach activities, which include school visits, post-offer events and attending fairs; (2) intermediate activities, which include attending and holding professional conferences to influence high school counsellors; (3) on-campus events, which include a visitors’ center, on-line chat and video conferences, and maintaining a university website to provide up-to-date information to students. The study showed that most international students chose a university based on its reputation and program quality, followed by the recognition of the degree in their home country, tuition and expenses, and the quick response of the university. Therefore, the academic pull factor is core and dominant, followed by the recognition factor, the financial factor, and the administrator factor. Degree being recognized by home country and the advice of family members remain the two dominant push factors. International students sought university information from over six sources on average. The information sources provided by the universities are rated more important than public information sources, and are exactly what most students seek information from. Therefore, the marketing and recruitment strategies of the two Canadian universities are congruent with the process of international students’ university choice.

The significance of integrating technology use in higher education instruction is undeniable. The benefits include those related to access to instruction by underserved populations, adequately preparing students for future careers, capitalizing on best instructional practices, developing higher order thinking activities, and engaging students whose relationships with technology are increasingly native, among others. The significance of the current study is based on the fact that few prior studies focused on the factors that support, or inhibit, the use of educational technology by faculty in schools of education. The data collection instrument was a survey designed by the principal investigator based on review of the literature and professional experience. Five constructs were addressed by the survey: institutional policies, belief in the learning benefits, efficacy with integrating technology with content, barriers to technology use, and personal uses of technology. The survey was administered online and targeted 379 full and part time faculty in schools of education throughout the U.S. A total of 203 faculty members responded which was a response rate of 53%. Several path analyses were conducted to determine the variables that most related with the dependent variable, rate of technology adoption for professional instructional purposes. The variable that had the strongest relationship with the adoption rate for professional use was the adoption rate for personal use. This held true for all subgroups except part-time and older faculty. Suggestions for future research include the use of additional data sources to measure the variables described here. Study of the role of institutional policies in technology adoption should consider administrator perspectives in addition to those of faculty. Study of learning benefits should consider students' views in addition to those of faculty. Finally, efficacy variables should consider perspectives of college leaders and administrators.

Der Beitrag untersucht anhand der Verfassungen, inwieweit die Institutionenpolitik in Ostdeutschland mit der Einführung der Institutionen abgeschlossen war. Er zeigt, dass die Verfassungen häufig geändert wurden, gibt einen Überblick über die ähnlichen Materien und Gründe dieser Änderungen sowie über die Verfassungsdynamik jenseits des Verfassungstextes. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die Verfassungspolitik und Verfassungsauslegung in den neuen Ländern Integrationsdefizite der Bundesebene kompensieren kann und sondiert die Mechanismen dieses Ausgleichs. Da die Einbettung in den bundesdeutschen Föderalismus ihre Risiken abmildert, könnten die Freiräume für integrationsförderliche politisch-institutionelle Experimente stärker genutzt werden.

científico e tecnológico de uma nação pode ser mensurado através da análise da capacidade de sua sociedade de gerar conhecimento e transformá-lo em um produto aplicável à realidade da sua população, sendo certo que a eficácia desta dinâmica depende da existência de políticas públicas de proteção à propriedade intelectual (PI), que garantam ao titular da criação segurança e o retorno do investimento realizado. Uma das áreas em que esse processo é mais evidente é a saúde, já que é responsável por atrair volumosos investimentos financeiros tanto do setor público como do privado. O Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) está amplamente inserido no contexto da pesquisa em saúde porque possui como objetivo institucional, além da assistência e do ensino, promover a realização de pesquisas científicas e tecnológicas e de inovação, sendo reconhecido pela excelência nesse campo. Diante disso, o objetivo geral do trabalho consiste na elaboração de uma política institucional para normatizar a proteção e a exploração dos direitos de propriedade intelectual que decorrem das pesquisas em saúde realizadas pela comunidade científica do HCPA. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa de dados a partir de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, bem como utilizada a técnica de investigação de estudo de caso. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a existência de uma vasta gama de possibilidades de pesquisas a serem realizadas na Instituição, as quais podem gerar diversas formas de proteção e exploração da propriedade intelectual, o que possibilitou o desenvolvimento da proposta de redação da política institucional de propriedade intelectual para o HCPA. Conclui-se que há forte cultura sobre pesquisa e desenvolvimento em toda a instituição, mas que a propriedade intelectual ainda é uma matéria que merece maior atenção, a fim de que todo o seu potencial e benefícios possam ser alcançados. / A nation’s scientific and technological development can be measured by its society capacity to generate knowledge and turn it into an useful product for its population. There’s no doubt that the effectiveness of this dynamic depends on the existence of public policies of intellectual property protection, which guarantee to the author security and return of the investment he’s done. Health is one of the areas where this process is most evident, since it is responsible for attracting massive financial investments from both public and private sectors. The Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) is deeply inserted in the context of health research because, besides medical assistance and teaching, it has as an institutional objective to promote scientific and technological research and innovation, being recognized for its excellence in this field. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to compose an institutional policy to regulate the protection and the profiteering of the intellectual property rights that derive from the research in the health area carried out by the HCPA’s scientific community. To achieve it, a qualitative data research was implemented based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis, as well as case study investigation technique. The results obtained pointed out the existence of a wide range of research possibilities to be carried out in the Institution, which enables several forms of protection and profiteering of the intellectual property and made possible to write the proposal of an institutional property policy for the HCPA. It is concluded that there is a strong culture of research and development throughout the institution, but that intellectual property is still a subject that deserves more attention so that its full potential and benefits can be achieved.

científico e tecnológico de uma nação pode ser mensurado através da análise da capacidade de sua sociedade de gerar conhecimento e transformá-lo em um produto aplicável à realidade da sua população, sendo certo que a eficácia desta dinâmica depende da existência de políticas públicas de proteção à propriedade intelectual (PI), que garantam ao titular da criação segurança e o retorno do investimento realizado. Uma das áreas em que esse processo é mais evidente é a saúde, já que é responsável por atrair volumosos investimentos financeiros tanto do setor público como do privado. O Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) está amplamente inserido no contexto da pesquisa em saúde porque possui como objetivo institucional, além da assistência e do ensino, promover a realização de pesquisas científicas e tecnológicas e de inovação, sendo reconhecido pela excelência nesse campo. Diante disso, o objetivo geral do trabalho consiste na elaboração de uma política institucional para normatizar a proteção e a exploração dos direitos de propriedade intelectual que decorrem das pesquisas em saúde realizadas pela comunidade científica do HCPA. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa de dados a partir de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, bem como utilizada a técnica de investigação de estudo de caso. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a existência de uma vasta gama de possibilidades de pesquisas a serem realizadas na Instituição, as quais podem gerar diversas formas de proteção e exploração da propriedade intelectual, o que possibilitou o desenvolvimento da proposta de redação da política institucional de propriedade intelectual para o HCPA. Conclui-se que há forte cultura sobre pesquisa e desenvolvimento em toda a instituição, mas que a propriedade intelectual ainda é uma matéria que merece maior atenção, a fim de que todo o seu potencial e benefícios possam ser alcançados. / A nation’s scientific and technological development can be measured by its society capacity to generate knowledge and turn it into an useful product for its population. There’s no doubt that the effectiveness of this dynamic depends on the existence of public policies of intellectual property protection, which guarantee to the author security and return of the investment he’s done. Health is one of the areas where this process is most evident, since it is responsible for attracting massive financial investments from both public and private sectors. The Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) is deeply inserted in the context of health research because, besides medical assistance and teaching, it has as an institutional objective to promote scientific and technological research and innovation, being recognized for its excellence in this field. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to compose an institutional policy to regulate the protection and the profiteering of the intellectual property rights that derive from the research in the health area carried out by the HCPA’s scientific community. To achieve it, a qualitative data research was implemented based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis, as well as case study investigation technique. The results obtained pointed out the existence of a wide range of research possibilities to be carried out in the Institution, which enables several forms of protection and profiteering of the intellectual property and made possible to write the proposal of an institutional property policy for the HCPA. It is concluded that there is a strong culture of research and development throughout the institution, but that intellectual property is still a subject that deserves more attention so that its full potential and benefits can be achieved.

científico e tecnológico de uma nação pode ser mensurado através da análise da capacidade de sua sociedade de gerar conhecimento e transformá-lo em um produto aplicável à realidade da sua população, sendo certo que a eficácia desta dinâmica depende da existência de políticas públicas de proteção à propriedade intelectual (PI), que garantam ao titular da criação segurança e o retorno do investimento realizado. Uma das áreas em que esse processo é mais evidente é a saúde, já que é responsável por atrair volumosos investimentos financeiros tanto do setor público como do privado. O Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) está amplamente inserido no contexto da pesquisa em saúde porque possui como objetivo institucional, além da assistência e do ensino, promover a realização de pesquisas científicas e tecnológicas e de inovação, sendo reconhecido pela excelência nesse campo. Diante disso, o objetivo geral do trabalho consiste na elaboração de uma política institucional para normatizar a proteção e a exploração dos direitos de propriedade intelectual que decorrem das pesquisas em saúde realizadas pela comunidade científica do HCPA. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa de dados a partir de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, bem como utilizada a técnica de investigação de estudo de caso. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a existência de uma vasta gama de possibilidades de pesquisas a serem realizadas na Instituição, as quais podem gerar diversas formas de proteção e exploração da propriedade intelectual, o que possibilitou o desenvolvimento da proposta de redação da política institucional de propriedade intelectual para o HCPA. Conclui-se que há forte cultura sobre pesquisa e desenvolvimento em toda a instituição, mas que a propriedade intelectual ainda é uma matéria que merece maior atenção, a fim de que todo o seu potencial e benefícios possam ser alcançados. / A nation’s scientific and technological development can be measured by its society capacity to generate knowledge and turn it into an useful product for its population. There’s no doubt that the effectiveness of this dynamic depends on the existence of public policies of intellectual property protection, which guarantee to the author security and return of the investment he’s done. Health is one of the areas where this process is most evident, since it is responsible for attracting massive financial investments from both public and private sectors. The Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) is deeply inserted in the context of health research because, besides medical assistance and teaching, it has as an institutional objective to promote scientific and technological research and innovation, being recognized for its excellence in this field. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to compose an institutional policy to regulate the protection and the profiteering of the intellectual property rights that derive from the research in the health area carried out by the HCPA’s scientific community. To achieve it, a qualitative data research was implemented based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis, as well as case study investigation technique. The results obtained pointed out the existence of a wide range of research possibilities to be carried out in the Institution, which enables several forms of protection and profiteering of the intellectual property and made possible to write the proposal of an institutional property policy for the HCPA. It is concluded that there is a strong culture of research and development throughout the institution, but that intellectual property is still a subject that deserves more attention so that its full potential and benefits can be achieved.

Der Beitrag untersucht anhand der Verfassungen, inwieweit die Institutionenpolitik in Ostdeutschland mit der Einführung der Institutionen abgeschlossen war. Er zeigt, dass die Verfassungen häufig geändert wurden, gibt einen Überblick über die ähnlichen Materien und Gründe dieser Änderungen sowie über die Verfassungsdynamik jenseits des Verfassungstextes. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die Verfassungspolitik und Verfassungsauslegung in den neuen Ländern Integrationsdefizite der Bundesebene kompensieren kann und sondiert die Mechanismen dieses Ausgleichs. Da die Einbettung in den bundesdeutschen Föderalismus ihre Risiken abmildert, könnten die Freiräume für integrationsförderliche politisch-institutionelle Experimente stärker genutzt werden.

Recent political and legal action has raised awareness about underreporting of sexual assaults on college campuses. The present study sought to identify psychological and institutional barriers to reporting sexual assaults through a series of questionnaires administered to current college students (N= 364). To investigate the relationship between policy variations and students’ likelihood of reporting, a 2 (option to report informally versus only formally) x 2 (student involvement in investigation/judicial board: involved versus uninvolved) x 2 (option to terminate an investigation: entirely in student’s control versus up to discretion of administration) between groups factorial design was used. The findings suggest that respondents’ were significantly more likely to report a sexual assault when given the option to terminate the investigation at anytime, when school size, rape myth acceptance and socio-cultural environment were controlled for in the analysis. These findings suggest that the option for complainants to terminate an investigation, their socio-cultural environment and individual rape myth acceptance are important factors in shaping attitudes towards reporting sexual assaults.

This thesis reports an insider case study conducted by an active participant in the setting which is the UHI Millennium Institute. UHI is a federal, collegial partnership of 13 academic partner colleges. This partnership is made up of Further Education Colleges and smaller and specialised institutions. The case study focuses on one programme team, the BA Social Sciences team and at its role in the implementation of the institutional learning and teaching policy and its related strategies. The case study uses literature on policy implementation and of Further/Higher Education links. It makes use of social practice theory and the notion of the teaching and learning regime to analyse the cultural characteristics of the team and a typolgy of responses to change, to review the response of the team to policy objectives. In doing so the case study is a response to calls for more 'close-up' research at the meso-level of analysis. The study reviews the response of the team over a 10-year trajectory from the initial validation of the programme to 2009. The study takes an interpretive, participant-obervation based approach to examine the cultural characteristics and response of the programme team. The methods used to gather data include examination of comprehensive documentation relating to the programme over this time frame and semi-structured interviews with team members. The findings are that the cultural character of the team is dominated by its origins in Further Education and by the social relationships involved in a team which spans three colleges and deals with three sets of college managers and UHI. The response of the team to institutional policy is to embrace its objectives but also to reconstruct policy in ways possible within constraints. The team can make certain choices but is also constrained by policy from 'the top'. The study discusses implications for the notion of the teaching and learning regime and for the typology of responses used and proposes ways in which these might be modified. Proposals for further research in this field are made, particularly involving the implications for policy making of the relationship between college management and UHI.