Η υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία που αναφέρεται στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση μελετά περισσότερο τον τρόπο διαμόρφωσης μιας πολιτικής, όπως είναι η πολιτική για τα φύλα, σε επίπεδο Ε.Ε. και λιγότερο το πώς εφαρμόζεται η πολιτική αυτή στα πλαίσια ενός κράτους μέλους. Ο παραπάνω προβληματισμός αποτέλεσε και το έναυσμα της παρούσας εργασίας. Ειδικότερα, στόχος είναι η μελέτη της πορείας εφαρμογής της «πολιτικής της ενσωμάτωσης της διάστασης του φύλου σε όλες τις πολιτικές» (gender mainstreaming) από τα κατευθυντήρια πλαίσια της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, στην υλοποίησή της στο πεδίο του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος στην Ελλάδα. Η διερεύνηση της εφαρμογής της συγκεκριμένης πολιτικής στο εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα, πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη μελέτη του προγράμματος του Κέντρου Ερευνών για Θέματα Ισότητας: «Ευαισθητοποίηση εκπαιδευτικών και παρεμβατικά προγράμματα για την προώθηση της ισότητας των φύλων», σε σχολεία του νομού Αχαΐας. Στη μελέτη χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος της ποιοτικής έρευνας και ως ερευνητικό εργαλείο η ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη. Για την ανάλυση και ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων της έρευνάς χρησιμοποιήθηκε το αναλυτικό σχήμα των τριών πυλώνων του Scott, που εντάσσεται στις νέο-θεσμικές θεωρίες των οργανώσεων. Τα βασικά συμπεράσματα της έρευνας είναι: πρώτον, σε σχέση με την βιβλιογραφική μελέτη που σχετίζεται με τη συγκεκριμένη πολιτική, φαίνεται ότι η Ελλάδα «αναγκάσθηκε» να ακολουθήσει τις Κοινοτικές κατευθύνσεις και δεν ενσωμάτωσε τις πολιτικές αυτές σε έναν ευρύτερο πολιτικό σχεδιασμό με αποτέλεσμα να παραμείνουν αποσπασματικές, και δεύτερον, ότι υφίστανται εμπόδια στην προσαρμογή του σχολείου στις εξωτερικές πιέσεις για ένταξη της προώθησης της ισότητας των φύλων στην καθημερινή εκπαιδευτική πρακτική με αποτέλεσμα την περιστασιακή και αποσπασματική εισαγωγή στοιχείων αυτής της πολιτικής στην σχολική ζωή. / The existing bibliography that refers to European Union (EU) and policy making, concentrates mostly οn the ways that policy is formulated at the EU level -in specific domains, such as gender equality- and less on the ways in which the member states conceptualize and actually implement these policies in their respective territory. Specifically, the aim of this thesis is to study the course of gender mainstreaming guidelines for action, from their beginning at the EU level, to their implementation in the Greek educational system. In order to examine this issue, a research study focused on the ‘Sensitization of Teachers and Intervention Programmes towards Gender Equality’ project was conducted. This project was funded by the EU through the structural funds and by the Greek Ministry of Education. The responsible body for the implementation and the administration of the programme was the Research Centre for Gender Equality (KETHI). Qualitative methods were used and specifically 13 semi-structure interviews were conducted with educators that participated in the project in the Prefecture of Achaias. The issue under study is approached from a neo-institutional theory perspective and specifically through Scott’s analytical schema. In relation to the way gender mainstreaming policy was implemented in Greece, the thesis argues that Greece was “forced” to follow the European guidelines but never integrated policies concerning gender into the actual policy making process. Any action undertaken was implemented in a less than formal manner with no long-term design plan. Secondly, in relation to the way these policies were integrated into the school system, there was no evidence to suggest that gender equality is integrated in the everyday school activities. Gender equality, was not but systematically mainstreamed but was done so in a haphazard manner.

Les risques psychosociaux (RPS) représentent aujourd’hui pour les organisations un enjeu majeur aussi bien pour la santé psychosociale des salariés que la santé économique de l’entreprise. Leur difficile prise en compte s’explique par des dispositifs de gestion des risques et de la santé et sécurité au travail inadaptés à cette nouvelle famille de risques. Leur relative invisibilité aux yeux des décideurs s’explique également par une approche des RPS principalement centrée sur l’individu et qui ne questionne pas l’organisation. Cette thèse propose plusieurs réflexions et travaux en contrôle de gestion qui conduisent à la modélisation d’un instrument de gestion des RPS mieux à même de prendre en compte leur dimension organisationnelle, et s’inscrivant dans les multiples attentes de l’organisation et de son environnement. En s’appuyant sur les théories néo-institutionnelles, une nouvelle lecture du processus d’institutionnalisation dans un champ organisationnel en phase de structuration est éprouvée à la lumière des récentes attentes qui s’imposent aux organisations quant à la prévention des RPS et des réponses qu’elles peuvent apporter. Les multiples rôles joués par les instruments de gestion dans ce processus sont déterminants pour l’aboutissement de ce processus. Cette thèse se veut une première contribution à un futur contrôle de gestion des RPS, fondement de politiques de prévention en amont des effets sur la santé des salariés. / Today, psychosocial risks at work (PSR) are major challenges for organizations, both for the employee’s psychosocial health and for the company’s economic health. But current risk management and occupational health and safety devices are inadequate for this new class of risk. That explains the difficulty organizations have with taking them into account. PSR remains quite invisible for managers because the usual risk assessment focuses on the individual and does not call the organization into question. This doctoral dissertation offers several reflections and management control projects that lead to modelling a tool for managing RPS. This tool integrates their organizational aspects and incorporates the many expectations of organizations and their environments. Based on neo-institutional theories, we propose a new reading of the institutionalization process in an organizational field undergoing structuration. This view is proven to work in light of new health care expectations organizations have and the responses they may deliver. Management tools play multiple yet decisive roles in defining the institutional process. This thesis aims to contribute to the future of RPS management, which might help shape a prevention policy based prior to when the effects on workers’ health appear.

This study is about trust for public institutions and what the foundation is that builds this confidence. For this study I have used three dependent variables to define different aspects of public institutions. These are trust in the legal system, trust in political parties and state of health services nowadays.  The method that is used in the study is based on a comparative study between two countries, Sweden and Portugal.  The actual result is made up by comparing means and regressions by using 13 independent variables. Many of the independent variables that has been used is deriving from institutional theories of Putnam and Rothstein These theories points out the importance of strong traditions of civic engagement and that the success of the trust of the institutions depends in large part on the horizontal bonds that make up social capital. Other theories describe the malicious venom that is the outcome of corruption and the importance of happiness. The cultural dimensions by Hofstede are also included in the list of theories, especially those dealing with the freedom and free from collectivism and caring for others well-being. With help from these theories thirteen independent variables were emerged. The result that comes from the study is that the trust is first of all the obvious Sweden has a higher level of trust in all the different aspects than Portugal. Although the regressions shows that only 4,8 -11,2% can be explained, there is still possible to make clear conclusions. The clearest conclusion we can draw is that state of happiness makes a difference regarding trust for the institutions. Other things that influence the trust are civic engagement by working in another organization and believing in equality seems to correlate with higher trust. Caring for others seems to have a slightly negative effect on the trust. With this we can conclude that altruists do not have a higher trust on public institutions than others. A clearer tendency is that the sense of feeling free is negative on the trust for the public institutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 68492.pdf.jpg: 20813 bytes, checksum: 0001e6d692a415578581d24eb0f74dc6 (MD5) 68492.pdf: 2153990 bytes, checksum: 9c5fb8717416e22ab2e567a1a69b21f2 (MD5) 68492.pdf.txt: 907628 bytes, checksum: 775a7074a73521e39a02096c4730361b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-16T00:00:00Z / Recent changes in the Brazilian regulatory environment demand the creation of a new institutional context that allows to one better joint in the relation between State and society. The new experience based on the creation of “regulatory agencies” in Brazil evidences the deficiencies of its logic. This work, from revisions of the institutional and regulation theories, examines the sprouting and functioning of the current brazilian regulatory framework, especially the mechanisms of social control, and constructs a model that considers the interrelation enters the institucional dynamic of the spheres social and politics and, consequently, in one real public participation in the regulation process. / Mudanças recentes no ambiente regulatório brasileiro demandam a criação de um novo contexto institucional que permita uma melhor articulação na relação entre Estado e sociedade, em especial no que se refere aos mecanismos de controle social. A nova experiência baseada na criação de “agências reguladoras” no Brasil evidencia as deficiências de sua lógica. O trabalho apresentado, a partir de revisões da teoria institucional e da regulação, examina o surgimento e funcionamento do atual quadro regulatório brasileiro, e constrói um modelo que considera a inter-relação entre as dinâmicas institucionais das esferas social e política e, conseqüentemente, em uma real participação pública no processo de regulação.