As variáveis climáticas como temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e radiação solar exercem grande influência sobre a produção agrícola, sendo capazes de ocasionar perdas durante o processo produtivo, acarretando em um aumento considerável no preço do produto final. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo, desenvolver um sistema automatizado de baixo custo, tendo como base o microcontrolador Basic Step 1, o qual gerenciou um circuito eletrônico capaz de coletar e armazenar dados das respectivas variáveis climáticas, em um dispositivo de memória flash com conexão USB (pen drive). Além disso, o equipamento conta com o Data Basic - Software, o qual foi elaborado de modo a permitir ao usuário a análise dos dados coletados, com fácil visualização, devido à sua interface gráfica, bem como seu manuseio pelo fato de estabelecer uma conexão com planilha eletrônica (EXCEL). Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade do uso do sistema automatizado (Data-Basic) o qual funcionou com regularidade e precisão ao coletar e armazenar o sinal de tensão contínua enviado pelos 3 sensores. Assim, os dados coletados pelos sensores de umidade relativa do ar e temperatura, HIH 4000 e LM35, respectivamente demonstraram-se confiáveis, evidenciando a viabilidade do uso do equipamento, embora o sensor de radiação solar tenha demonstrado fragilidade e necessidade de uma pré-calibração antes de sua instalação. O custo de montagem do equipamento foi cerca de 50% menor em relação aos data loggers portáteis e apresentou fácil manutenção, pois permite a troca de placas como a do Basic Step1 ou do módulo de gravação PenBS, sem contar que os sensores são externos o que facilita também sua substituição caso seja necessário. Desse modo, pôde-se concluir a viabilidade de utilização deste instrumento mediante o seu baixo custo de produção, porém para longos períodos de coleta, recomenda-se a utilização de uma bateria externa a fim de se evitar a perda de dados pela falta de energia da rede elétrica, além disso, durante o processo de instalação, devem ser tomadas precauções no sentido de evitar a oxidação dos sensores e erros de medida, que podem afetar diretamente a qualidade dos dados coletados. / Climate variables such as air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation have a significant impact on agricultural yield. These variables affect the production process, and have a considerable influence on final product prices. The objective of this research, therefore, was to develop a low-cost, automated system, based on the Basic Step 1 microcontroller, to collect and store climate data in a flash memory device with USB connection (pen drive). In addition, the system includes the Data Basic Software, developed to enable the user to visualize the data in a graphical user interface and to manipulate the data in a spreadsheet (EXCEL). The results demonstrated the viability of the automated system (Data-Basic), which worked with regularity and precision in measuring and storing continuous voltage signals from 3 sensors. The measured data from the air humidity and temperature sensors, HIH4000 and LM35, were reliable, showing the viability of the system, while the radiation sensor was fragile and required pre calibration before installation. The cost of mounting the equipment was approximately 50% of that of a portable data logger. The system is easy to maintain, allows for the replacement of elements such as the microcontroller (Basic Step 1) or the storage module (PenBS), and has external sensors which can be replaced if necessary. It is feasibility to use this tool because of its low production cost. However, for extended periods of data collection, it is recommended that an external battery be added to prevent data loss during power outages. During the installation process, precautions should be taken to prevent the oxidation of the sensors, which would result in measurement errors, directly affect the quality of data collected.

Un déséquilibre dans les mécanismes de défense de la cornée peut entraîner une invasion par des micro-organismes (MO) et générer une kératite infectieuse (KI), ou encore un syndrome sec. Les KI sont la première cause de cécité monoculaire. Le syndrome sec, également fréquent, est sujet à de nombreuses études cliniques pour l’évaluation de nouveaux traitements. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre au point des méthodes d’imagerie pour le diagnostic et le suivi des pathologies de la surface oculaire au travers de deux projets innovants : 1/ le projet FLUOCOR consistant à développer une solution complète de diagnostic rapide in vivo des MO les plus souvent responsables des KI afin de débuter immédiatement le traitement adapté et améliorer le pronostic visuel final. Cette solution comprendra des BioMarqueurs fluorescents (BMfs) spécifiques des agents infectieux, fluorescents dans le rouge ou le proche infrarouge non éblouissant et un nouvel instrument optique de détection. Des BMfs basés sur le couplage de BODIPY innovant avec des molécules ciblant les MO ont été obtenus. Des tests in vitro ont montré une bonne spécificité mais les tests ex vivo sur cornées humaines ont montré une fixation non spécifique sur les cellules épithéliales. Pour pallier ce manque de spécificité, le couplage de ces BODIPY sur des anticorps dirigés contre les MO est en cours. 2/ le projet FLUOSCOPE qui a permis de développer une nouvelle stratégie d’imagerie de la surface oculaire pour le suivi du syndrome sec, de la méthode d’instillation des colorants jusqu’au traitement d’images, en passant par la conception d’un instrument optique désormais industrialisé par les laboratoires Théa. / An imbalance in the defence system of cornea can result in several diseases, like infectious keratitis (IK) in case of invasion by microorganisms (MO) or dry eye in case of insufficient tear quality and/or quality. IK are the first cause of unilateral blindness worldwide. Sicca syndrome, also frequent, is the subject of numerous clinical trials assessing new treatments. The aim of the PhD Thesis work is to develop new imaging methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases of the ocular surface. Two innovative project were conducted: 1/ the FLUOCOR project consists in developing a complete solution of rapid in vivo etiologic diagnosis of IK, for the most frequent and/or severe infections to allow rapid starting of the most adapted treatment in order to improve the final visual prognosis. This solution will comprise fluorescent biomarkers (excitable by sustainable non blinding red or near infrared lights) specific to the target MO, and a new optical imaging device for their detection. Biomarkers based on new BODIPY coupled with molecules targeting the MO were obtained with a good in vitro specificity. Nevertheless, on ex vivo human corneas they stained superficial epithelial cells. In order to overcome this difficulty, the coupling of BODIPY on specific antibodies targeting the MO is ongoing; 2/ the FLUOSCOPE project that allowed development of a new strategy of ocular surface imaging for the diagnosis and follow up of sicca syndrome. The complete chain was revisited from the instillation of the dye to the objective quantification of staining by image analysis, through the development of a prototype of imaging device, now industrialized by les Laboratoires Thea.

L’objectif de l’étude est l’intégration de la méthode acoustique dans les analyses des étoffes. Par l’étude du phénomène du bruit généré par le frottement, nous avons pu concevoir et réaliser un instrument expérimental simulant le mouvement de l’avant-bras humain. Les méthodes utilisées pour l’obtention des paramètres du mouvement de l’avant-bras humain, sont des méthodes expérimentales basées sur la capture vidéo du mouvement et le traitement des séquences de ces vidéos enregistrées. Cet instrument nous a permis de tester plusieurs supports textiles destinés à l’habillement, pour extraire leur empreinte acoustique. La méthode de mesure par cet instrument consiste en l’obtention des spectres sonores obtenus par le frottement de deux échantillons de même support textile, qui seront ensuite traités et analysés pour avoir le niveau sonore et l’empreinte de la matière textile. Les résultats obtenus par cet instrument, selon des paramètres des essais fixés au préalable, montrent que le bruit généré par frottement textile /textile, devient plus intense, au fur et à mesure que la vitesse augmente (de la marche à la course) et l’intensité de ce bruit dépend aussi de la nature de la matière constituant le support textile. Ces résultats peuvent être révélateurs d’informations importantes sur les caractéristiques de tissu. Les essais de validation de cet instrument ont été faits en prenant uniquement des variations de vitesses de mouvement et de surface de frottement. Ainsi, cet instrument aide à créer un frottement similaire à la condition réelle du frottement de l’avant-bras. Dans cet esprit, on peut envisager d’utiliser cet instrument pour d’autres matériaux souples dans différentes conditions de vitesse, de surface et de pression de frottement et donc d’usage. / The objective of this study is to explore the possibilities to use acoustic method for fabric analysis. An experimental instrument was designed to study the noise generated by friction during body movement. It also allows simulating the motion of human forearm. Parameters of forearm movement were obtained by analyzing several recorded videos in sequences. Several clothing products have been tested by this instrument. The principle of this method is to obtain sound spectra created by friction between two same types of samples those have been further analyzed for the noise level and footprint of textile material. Different parameters of machine have been set before performing tests. Results depict for some fabrics that value of noise generated increases with the increase of movement speed (from walking to running). Intensity of noise mainly depends on nature of fabric’s raw material and can be influenced by speed and surface. These results indicate some very important information regarding fabric characteristics. The instrument has been validated and tested by changing two variables that are movement speed and surface friction maintaining pressure a constant. This instrument creates friction similar to real time friction produced during the movement of arm while walking or running. By using this concept, this instrument can be used for other flexible materials at different speeds, pressure and friction.

<p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur omvårdnaden dokumenteras i datoriserad patientjournal på en medicinavdelning i mellan Sverige, genom en journalgranskning med granskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-Ing. Frågeställningarna var ”Vilka poäng ger Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet avseende kvantitet samt kvalitet?” och ”Kan omvårdnadsprocessen följas i omvårdnadsjournalen utifrån Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet?”</p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> Studien är kvantitativ, deskriptiv och retrospektiv. En journalgranskning gjordes med hjälp av granskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-Ing. Ett systematiskt urval av 100 journaler gjordes och därefter ett slumpmässigt urval av 30 journaler. Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet består av designade frågor som poängsätter sjuksköterskans dokumentation avseende kvantitet och kvalitet, samt hur omvårdnadsprocessen som helhet följs.</p><p><strong>Resultat:</strong> Högst poäng avseende kvantiteten fick omvårdnadsepikrisen/slutanteckning och användandet av VIPS-sökord, medan omvårdnadsstatus uppdaterat under vårdtiden fick den lägsta poängen. Högst poäng avseende kvaliteten i dokumentationen fick användandet av VIPS-sökord och omvårdnadsstatus vid ankomst, medan vårdplanens omvårdnadsmål och omvårdnadsdiagnos fick de lägsta poängen. Resultatet visade att dokumentationen på medicinavdelningen följer omvårdnadsprocessens alla steg, då alla delar i omvårdnadsprocessen fick poäng avseende kvantitet i Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet.</p><p><strong>Slutsats: </strong>Resultatet i den här studien tyder på att dokumentationen på medicinavdelningen generellt var bra, eftersom den har fått höga poäng i Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet. Omvårdnadsprocessens alla delar fanns med i dokumentationen. De brister som fanns förekom framförallt i vårdplanernas omvårdnadsdiagnoser, omvårdnadsmål samt i att uppdatera status. Kontinuerlig utbildning för all personal och uppföljning i form av journalgranskning behövs för att öka kvaliteten i omvårdnadsjournalen.</p>

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) has become an important outcome in asthma, since traditional outcomes, such as respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function, might not entirely express the patient’s perception of the limitations caused by the disease. The aim of this thesis was to study HRQL in asthma and to analyse if HRQL was related to asthma onset and prognosis. Other aims were to identify determinants of low HRQL in clinically-verified asthmatics, and to study whether low HRQL was a predictor of mortality. In 1990, a self-administered questionnaire was completed by 12,560 individuals from three age groups (16, 30-39, and 60-69 years) in two counties of Sweden. In a second phase, all subjects who reported a history of obstructive respiratory symptoms (n = 1,851) and 600 randomly-selected controls were invited to a clinical investigation including spirometry, allergy testing, and assessment of HRQL with the Gothenburg Quality of Life instrument. In 2003, the eligible subjects in the cohort (n=11,282) were sent a new questionnaire. Mortality data in the cohort was followed up during 1990–2008 using data from the National Board of Health and Welfare Mortality Database. The 616 subjects with clinically-verified asthma 1990 had significantly lower HRQL than subjects without asthma. In the 2003 follow-up, the 305 subjects with persistent asthma had a lower HRQL than the 155 subjects who showed improvement in asthma during the follow-up. Subjects who had developed asthma by the follow-up had a significantly lower HRQL at baseline than those who did not develop asthma. Significant determinants of quality of life in asthma were female sex, smoking habits, higher airway responsiveness to irritants, respiratory symptom severity, positive skin prick test, and absenteeism from work or school. Low HRQL was related to increased mortality, but this association was not found when analyzing the asthmatic group alone. In conclusion, measurements of HRQL are of value for evaluating both the impact and progression of asthma.

Le but principal de ce travail est de fournir des outils concrets aux enseignants afin de favoriser une plus grande utilisation de l'histoire dans l'enseignement des mathématiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons réuni plusieurs activités basées sur des instruments mathématiques historiques. Comme nous croyons qu'un des liens les plus évidents entre les mathématiques et notre société est celui existant entre la navigation et l'astronomie et par le fait même, la géométrie, nous nous attardons principalement à plusieurs instruments mathématiques historiques qui, pour la plupart, ont un lien avec l'astronomie et la navigation. Nous nous attardons également à quelques instruments qui ont un lien moins direct avec l'astronomie et la navigation. Cependant, certains d'entre eux se prêtent facilement à des activités ayant un côté ludique indéniable. Les activités avec la règle et le compas à partir d'extraits de textes anciens de Bion (1723) en sont un bon exemple. Pour chaque instrument, nous faisons une description, parlons de son origine en le mettant dans son contexte historique autant que faire se peut, et proposons des activités à faire avec des élèves. Les activités proposées, qui sont le cœur de notre travail, sont détaillées de façon assez exhaustive afin que le travail d'adaptation nécessaire pour les réaliser soit minime. Nous pensons réellement que leur réalisation permet d'utiliser l'histoire dans l'enseignement des mathématiques d'une façon intéressante et dynamique. Les activités en lien avec les instruments mathématiques historiques ont cependant été séparées en deux chapitres. Dans le chapitre III, nous avons réuni les activités en lien avec le compas de proportion et le bâton de Jacob. Pour chacune des activités, nous avons mis à la fin une étape intitulée Tout au long de l'activité. Dans cette dernière étape, nous avons tenté de préciser une grande quantité de détails ou de questions auxquelles il serait important de porter attention lors du déroulement de chaque activité. Dans le chapitre IV, nous avons réuni des activités en lien avec le compas et la règle, le bâton de Gerbert, le quadrant, la sphère armillaire, l'astrolabe et le cadran solaire. La seule différence dans ce chapitre, c'est que la dernière étape de chacune des activités, intitulée Tout au long de l'activité, n'a pas été développée comme c'est le cas dans le chapitre III. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : astrolabe, bâton de Gerbert, bâton de Jacob, cadran solaire, compas, compas de proportion, enseignement, histoire, historique, instrument, mathématique, quadrant, sphère armillaire

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur omvårdnaden dokumenteras i datoriserad patientjournal på en medicinavdelning i mellan Sverige, genom en journalgranskning med granskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-Ing. Frågeställningarna var ”Vilka poäng ger Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet avseende kvantitet samt kvalitet?” och ”Kan omvårdnadsprocessen följas i omvårdnadsjournalen utifrån Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet?” Metod: Studien är kvantitativ, deskriptiv och retrospektiv. En journalgranskning gjordes med hjälp av granskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-Ing. Ett systematiskt urval av 100 journaler gjordes och därefter ett slumpmässigt urval av 30 journaler. Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet består av designade frågor som poängsätter sjuksköterskans dokumentation avseende kvantitet och kvalitet, samt hur omvårdnadsprocessen som helhet följs. Resultat: Högst poäng avseende kvantiteten fick omvårdnadsepikrisen/slutanteckning och användandet av VIPS-sökord, medan omvårdnadsstatus uppdaterat under vårdtiden fick den lägsta poängen. Högst poäng avseende kvaliteten i dokumentationen fick användandet av VIPS-sökord och omvårdnadsstatus vid ankomst, medan vårdplanens omvårdnadsmål och omvårdnadsdiagnos fick de lägsta poängen. Resultatet visade att dokumentationen på medicinavdelningen följer omvårdnadsprocessens alla steg, då alla delar i omvårdnadsprocessen fick poäng avseende kvantitet i Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet. Slutsats: Resultatet i den här studien tyder på att dokumentationen på medicinavdelningen generellt var bra, eftersom den har fått höga poäng i Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet. Omvårdnadsprocessens alla delar fanns med i dokumentationen. De brister som fanns förekom framförallt i vårdplanernas omvårdnadsdiagnoser, omvårdnadsmål samt i att uppdatera status. Kontinuerlig utbildning för all personal och uppföljning i form av journalgranskning behövs för att öka kvaliteten i omvårdnadsjournalen.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. / Title from title page screen (viewed Oct. 14, 2003). Thesis advisor: Ralph Kimberlin. Document formatted into pages (x, 64 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-63).

Denna studie har gjorts i syfte att utreda vilka effekter som kommun, byggherre och bank upplever då en exploateringsfastighet överlåts till en byggherre först efter att byggnationer påbörjats inom ramen för en kommunal markanvisning. Studien har gjorts på förslag av Gävle kommun som sökt svar på om en överlåtelsetidpunkt efter byggstart kan vara ett instrument att uppnå rätt resultat då exploatering görs på kommunalt ägd mark.   För att belysa effekterna har studien gjorts genom jämförelse av hur aktörer upplever förfarandet som tillämpas av Örebro kommun med hur aktörer upplever förfarandet som tillämpas av Gävle kommun. I Örebro kommun genomförs marköverlåtelsen till byggherren först efter att byggnationer påbörjats på fastigheten. I Gävle kommun sker normalt överlåtelsen innan byggstart även om svävarvillkor ibland förekommer vilket fördröjer byggherrens möjlighet att erhålla lagfart.   För att förstå hur aktörerna kommun, byggherre och bank upplever effekterna har (1) semi-strukturerade, kvalitativa telefonintervjuer gjorts med aktörer på respektive orter. (2) Avtal om markanvisning har granskats för att förstå hur kommunerna reglerar sina respektive överlåtelsetidpunkter.   Resultatet visar att tidpunkten för exploateringsfastighetens överlåtelse kan användas som instrument att förhindra spekulation med kommunalt ägd mark. Resultatet visar också att mindre byggherrar behöver mer egna medel för att klara ökade kostnader i exploateringsprocessens tidiga skeden som följd av att byggnationer behöver påbörjas innan finansiering genom byggnadskreditiv finns på plats. Av de svar som erhållits från banker indikeras att tidpunkten som sådan inte har någon betydelse för bankens möjlighet att ställa ut ett byggnadskreditiv, så länge banken kan erbjudas tillräcklig säkerhet. Utöver panträtt i fast egendom kan vissa banker godta en moderbolagsborgen som säkerhet.   Som medel att förhindra markspekulation kan också köpets bestånd göras beroende av att byggnationer påbörjas på exploateringsfastigheten. I det fallet påbörjas överlåtelseprocessen innan byggstart med ett giltigt köpekontrakt och panträtt kan upplåtas i fastigheten med den lagfarna ägarens medgivande. Det kommunala målet att säkerställa rätt resultat förefaller snarare vara beroende av kommunala förvaltningars samordning och hur exploateringsprocessen bedrivs i sin helhet. / This study has been conducted to investigate how municipalities, developers and banks perceive the effects of having to commence construction as a prerequisite for vesting of the real estate to be developed, within the scope of municipal land allocations. The municipality of Gävle suggested the study as they sought to establish if the time of vestment, as an activity in the land developing process, could be used as an instrument to ensure the correct results of such a process.   The study was conducted as a comparison between the municipalities of Gävle and Örebro and how stakeholders in the respective areas perceive the effects. In the municipality of Örebro real estate is vested to the developer once construction work on the property has commenced. In the municipality of Gävle the real estate is normally vested prior to commencement of construction work. In some cases, however, full ownership rights are delayed by means of contractual conditions requiring the developer to commence construction work for the contract to become fully valid, and thus allowing the developer to receive the title deed.   To understand how the stakeholders municipality, developers and banks perceive the effects, (1) semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews have been conducted across the mentioned stakeholder groups in both locations. (2) Contracts of land allocation have been studied to understand how the time of vesting is regulated by both municipalities.   The results show that the time of vesting of the real estate to be developed can be used as an instrument to prevent speculation with publicly owned property. The results also show that small scale land developers require more funds to cope with increased costs that result from the inability to receive building loans using the real estate as security for such funding. Interview answers from banks imply that the time of vesting the real estate to be developed is of no importance to them as long as sufficient security can be offered towards building loan funding. Apart from liens in real estate, parent company guarantees were mentioned as a possible alternative.   As a means to prevent land speculation, contract clauses delaying the title deed to be transferred until commencement of construction, may be used. In this case the vesting process is initiated prior to commencement of construction using a valid contract, and a lien in the real estate to be developed can be offered to the bank with the permission of the municipality as the title deed holder. The aim of the municipality to ensure the correct results of the development process appears to be more dependent on how the council boards interact and how the land development process is carried out in its entirety.

The analysis of Arne's six keyboard concertos uses the 1981 Oxford University Press edition of the musical scores. This edition relies totally a set of separate printed on parts that was published by Harrison & Company of London in 1793, and is the earliest known extant material for the concertos; the autograph MSS scores of Arne's concertos are not extant. The analysis first deals with Arne's general structural process, then examines the formal structure of the works in more detail, with particular attention given to the utilization of ritornello format and the influence from the Torelli-Vivaldi tradition. A discussion of the concertos' residual Baroque characteristics as well as several galant traits is included. Considerable attention is given to Arne's excellence in melodic writing, as well as to his fondness for the interval of an octave and to a particular rhythmic kernel. Also included is an analysis of a discarded movement from Concerto No. 1.The analysis of Arne's four symphonies uses the 1973 Oxford University Press edition of the musical scores. This edition relies totally on the set of printed parts from the 1767 John Johnston [London] edition, and is the earliest known extant material for the symphonies; the autograph MSS scores of Arne's symphonies are likewise lost or destroyed. As with the concertos, the analysis of the symphonies first looks at Arne's general structural procedures, then treats individual musical forms, with significant attention given to sonata form. An examination of Arne's remnant Baroque characteristics is included. As with the concertos, a substantial portion of the analysis is given to Arne's melodic writing.A short biography of Arne is included. This chapter discusses other instrumental works of Arne, as well as his more important vocal works. / School of Music