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This study examines the similarities and differences between four guitar teachers in Sweden and the U.S. The aim of the study is to examine how teachers motivate their pedagogical standpoints and to analyze how they experience the frame factors that limit their teaching. Data were collected through interviews with two Swedish teachers and two American teachers. The result shows that the teachers, despite their seemingly different contexts, actually have a lot of common strategies and approaches. Most significant is the tendency to let the students decide some of the content of the lessons. The study also shows that the diverse historical backgrounds that have influenced the teachers differently still have a great significance of how the teachers act in their own teaching.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine and describe, through the lens of nexus analysis, how social action impacted the compositional processes of high school string students as they engaged in collaborative composition. In this study, I examined the complex convergence of verbal and non-verbal communication while students were engaged in music co-creation and how it impacted social practices such as rules, roles, or division of labor. Specifically, this qualitative study investigated the following research questions: (1) How does social action impact the compositional processes involved in co-creation? (2) What roles, social structures, or social identities do students who are engaged in musical co-creation assume? The participants in this study included eight high school orchestra students who participated in ten after-school small group music composition sessions. Each session was 45 minutes in duration and occurred over an eight-week period. Additionally, students participated in two individual semi-structured interviews and two semi-structured focus group interviews. The participants in this study adopted an interaction order they referred to as The Circle. This global concept consisted of a set of rules for behavior, interactions, and democratic guidelines. It provided a social safety net of acceptance for each member of the group. An underlying theme of The Circle was the goal of achieving equality within the group regardless of previous musical experiences or expertise. The following data were analyzed: (a) students’ responses, processes, and behaviors (both musically and verbally) that occurred during the collaborative activities; (b) students’ verbal responses to questions in both individual and focus group interviews; and (c) field notes and artifacts that were examined to reveal any relevant data. A common theme throughout the study was the adoption of multiple roles. Participants in this study assumed four different roles: follower, advocate, tutor, and leader. Only two members retained a single role for the duration of the study while the other six girls assumed multiple roles depending on the needs of the group at a specific moment in time.

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Våren 2020 stängdes Sveriges gymnasieskolor som en konsekvens av Covid-19 pandemin, och undervisningen förlades till att bedrivas på distans. Denna hastiga övergång innebar drastiska skillnader i förändrade fysiska ramfaktorer för lärare och elever. Distansundervisning är som företeelse inget nytt men är ett relativt outforskat ämne inom undervisning av elgitarr. Utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv undersöktes hur elgitarrlärare vid gymnasieskolan upplevde att distansundervisningens förändrade ramfaktorer påverkade undervisningen och elevernas lärande och motivation. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer visade resultatet att flertalet elevers lärande och motivation upplevdes påverkas negativt som följd av bristen på social interaktion. Undervisningen hämmades till viss del av tekniska begränsningar där minskade möjligheter till samspel beskrevs som den största nackdelen. Dock gav distansundervisningen och användandet av digitala verktyg upphov till kreativitet hos vissa elever. Studiens resultat leder till en diskussion om hur lärande som en social aktivitet påverkas av förändrade ramfaktorer, och hur distansundervisning i framtiden kan utvecklas genom forskning och nya teknologiska landvinningar. / In the spring of 2020, Sweden's upper secondary schools were closed as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, and teaching was resituated to distance education. This transition meant drastic differences in changing physical framework factors for teachers and students. Distance education is not a new phenomenon but lacks research regarding teaching of electric guitar. Through a socio-cultural perspective it was investigated how teachers at upper secondary schools, experienced teaching and the students learning and motivation related to the change of framework factors. Results of qualitative interviews showed that the majority of students learning and motivation was perceived to be negatively affected due to lack of social interaction. Teaching was partially hampered by technical limitations, where reduced opportunities for musical interplay was described as the greatest problem. However, distance learning and the use of digital tools gave rise to creativity in some students. The discussion addresses how learning as a social activity is affected by changing framework factors, and how distance education could develop through future research and technological advances.

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