A produção de café é uma das atividades de maior tradição agrícola no território brasileiro. As principais pragas que ocorrem no cafeeiro são broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei e bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Leucoptera coffeella e os parasitoides possuem importante papel na regulação dessas pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar em sistemas de produção convencional e orgânico de café, os níveis populacionais de H. hampei e L. coffeella e a ocorrência de seus parasitoides. Os experimentos foram realizados em área de café orgânico e convencional no município de Dois Córregos/SP e as amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente de fevereiro de 2009 a junho de 2010. Foram amostradas folhas para os níveis de infestação e de predação de minas por vespas; foram coletadas folhas com minas intactas para a observação da emergência de parasitoides. Foram coletados mensalmente 2 L de frutos de café para a obtenção da infestação da broca; também, foi avaliada a ocorrência do fungo Beauveria bassiana e foram coletados mensalmente frutos de café brocados para a obtenção de parasitoides da broca. Os manejos orgânico e convencional não diferiram estatisticamente em relação às médias das porcentagens de infestação de L. coffeella. Houve diferença em relação às médias das porcentagens de predação das minas por vespas, sendo que no manejo convencional a média foi maior do que no manejo orgânico. Foram obtidos no total 708 himenópteros parasitoides e as espécies coletadas foram Proacrias coffeae, Cirrospilus neotropicus, Cirrospilus sp.1, Cirrospilus sp.2, Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus flavicinctus, Closterocerus sp.1, Horismenus cupreus, Orgilus niger, Centistidea striata e Stiropius reticulatus. Não houve diferença na média da porcentagem de parasitismo entre os manejos, 18,5 % no manejo orgânico e 19,47% no manejo convencional. Em relação à broca-do-café, na safra 2008/2009, as amostragens de frutos brocados foi diferente em função do manejo, porém na safra 2009/2010, as porcentagens de infestação não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as áreas. Na safra 2009/2010, a média de frutos brocados infectados pelo fungo B. bassiana foi de 3,5% e 2,1% do total de frutos nos manejos orgânico e convencional respectivamente. Foram obtidos 25 indivíduos do parasitoide Prorops nasuta na área de café orgânico na safra 2008/2009 e nenhum na área convencional. / Coffee production is one of the most Brazilian traditional activities. The main pests of coffee crops are the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei and the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella and the parasitoids play an important role in the control of these pests. This research deals with the comparison between production systems of conventional and organic coffee concerning the population levels of L. coffeella and H. hampei as well as the occurrence of their parasitoids. The experiments were set in areas of conventional and organic coffee and plant (leaf and berries) samples were monthly taken from February/2009 to June/2010, in Dois Córregos, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Coffee leaves were sampled for levels of infestation and mine predation by wasps, while leaves with undisturbed mines were samples to observe the emergence of parasitoids. Two liters of coffee berries were monthly collected to determine the infestation of the coffee berry borer. One also observed the occurrence of the fungus Beauveria bassiana bored coffee berries were monthly collected for obtaining the berry borer parasitoids. The values of the means of percentage of L. coffeella infestation did not statically differ between the organic and the conventional coffee management. The means of percentage of predation by wasps were higher in the conventional management than in the organic one. A total of 708 hymenopteran parasitoids were obtained. The species collected were as follows: Proacrias coffeae, Cirrospilus neotropicus, Cirrospilus sp.1, Cirrospilus sp.2, Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus flavicinctus, Closterocerus sp.1, Horismenus cupreus, Orgilus niger, Centistidea striata and Stiropius reticulatus. The mean percentage of parasitism showed no difference between the organic management (18.5%) and the conventional one (19.47%). As to the coffee berry borer, in the 2008/2009 harvest, the sampling of bored berries was different according to the management. However, in the 2009/2010 harvest, the percentages of infestation did not present significant difference between the areas. At the 2009/2010 harvesting the mean of bored berries infected by the fungus Beauveria bassiana was 3,5% (organic area) and 2.1% (conventional area). A total of 25 specimens of the parasitoid Prorops nasuta were collected in the organic coffee area but none in the conventional coffee area.

<p>Background: Globally, neonatal mortality (i.e. deaths occurring during the first month of life) accounts for 44% of the 11 million infants that die every year (Lawn, Cousens &amp / Zupan, 2005). Early&nbsp / detection of illness and referral of mothers and infants during the peri-natal period to higher levels of care can lead to substantial reductions in maternal and child mortality in developing&nbsp / countries. Establishing effective referral systems from the community to health facilities can be achieved through greater utilization of community health workers and improved health seeking&nbsp / behaviour. Study design: The Good Start Saving Newborn Lives study being conducted in Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal, is a community randomized trial to assess the effect of an integrated home&nbsp / visit package delivered to mothers during pregnancy and post delivery on uptake of PMTCT interventions and appropriate newborn care practices. The home visit package is delivered by community health workers in fifteen intervention clusters. Control clusters receive routine health facility antenatal and postpartum care. For any identified danger signs during a home visit,&nbsp / community health workers write a referral and if necessary refer infants to a local clinic or hospital. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this referral system by describing&nbsp / community health worker referral completion rates as well as health-care seeking practices and perceptions of mothers. A cross- sectional survey was undertaken using a structured&nbsp / questionnaire with all mothers who had been referred to a clinic or hospital by a community health worker since the start of the Good Start Saving Newborn Lives Trial. Data collection: Informed consent was obtained from willing participants. Interviews were conducted by a trained research assistant in the mothers&rsquo / home or at the study&nbsp / offices. Road to Health Cards were reviewed to confirm referral completion. Data was collected by means of a cell phone (mobile researcher software) and the database was later transferred to Epi-info and STATA IC 11 for analysis.&nbsp / Descriptive analysis was&nbsp / conducted so as to establish associations between explanatory factors and referral completion and to describe referral processes experienced by caregivers. Significant&nbsp / associations between categorical variables were assessed using chi square tests and continuous variables using analysis of variance. Results: A total of 2423 women were&nbsp / enrolled in the SNL study and 148 had received a referral for a sick infant by a CHW by June 2010. The majority (95%) of infants were referred only once during the time of enrolment, the&nbsp / highest number of which occurred within&nbsp / the first 4 weeks of life (62%) with 22% of these being between birth and 2 weeks of age. Almost all mothers (95%) completed the referral by taking&nbsp / their child to a health facility. Difficulty in breathing and rash accounted for the highest number of referrals (26% and 19% respectively). None of the six mothers who did not complete referral recognised any danger signs in their infants. In only 16% of cases did a health worker give written feedback on the outcome of the referral to the referring CHW.&nbsp / Conclusion: This study found&nbsp / high compliance with referrals for sick infants by community health workers in Umlazi. This supports the current primary health care re-engineering process being undertaken by the South&nbsp / African National Department of Health (SANDOH) which will involve the establishment of family health worker teams&nbsp / including community health workers. A key function of these workers will&nbsp / be to conduct antenatal and postnatal visits to women in their homes and to identify and refer ill children. Failure of mothers to identify danger signs in the infant was associated with&nbsp / non-completion of referral. This highlights the need for thorough counseling of mothers during the antenatal and early postnatal period on neonatal danger signs which can be reinforced by&nbsp / community health workers. Most of the referrals in this study were&nbsp / neonates which strengthens the need for home visit packages delivered by community health workers during the antenatal&nbsp / and post-natal period as currently planned by the South African National Department of Health.Recommendations: This study supports the current plans of the Department of Health for greater involvement of CHWs in Primary Health Care. Attention should be given to improving communication between health facilities and CHWs to ensure continuity of care and greater&nbsp / realization of a team approach to PHC.</p>

Les forêts occidentales sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus prisées pour la pratique d’activités récréatives en milieu naturel. Dès lors, la mise en place d’une gestion intégrée des forêts est plus que jamais indispensable au maintien des conditions nécessaires à la pratique de l’ensemble des activités sur le territoire. Le Québec s’est doté d’une nouvelle législation pour répondre aux nombreux enjeux qui touchent le milieu forestier, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’harmonisation entre les activités récréatives et la production ligneuse. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous sommes intéressés au concept d’expérience du visiteur comme moyen de faciliter cette harmonisation. Il s’agissait à la fois de caractériser l’expérience de visite des utilisateurs d’un parc régional et de se questionner sur son opérationnalisation dans l’aménagement forestier. Deux méthodes qualitatives complémentaires ont été utilisées : d’une part, l’analyse de récits inscrits dans des livres d’or placés dans différents hébergements et d’autre part, des entrevues ont été conduites auprès de visiteurs rencontrés sur le site. Les résultats révèlent la pertinence de considérer l’expérience du visiteur pour favoriser une utilisation plurielle et harmonieuse du territoire forestier. Son étude permet une compréhension fine des composantes communes et spécifiques des expériences, en fonction des visiteurs. Par ailleurs, l’étude témoigne de la possibilité de mettre en relation des typologies d’expériences recherchées et les modalités d’harmonisation. Enfin, au-delà de l’expérience, le suivi de la perception de la foresterie et des représentations peut également s’avérer pertinent pour les gestionnaires. / The practice of outdoor recreational activities in western forests is becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, the implementation of integrated management with regards to publicly-owned forests is more important than ever in order to maintain conditions necessary for all activities on the territory. The province of Québec which has recently adopted a new Forestry Act is following this trend by addressing the numerous forest management issues such as harmonizing of various uses which represents a major challenge, particularly with regards to recreation and timber production. Throughout this research, we focused on the concept of visitors’ experience as a means to facilitate harmonization. The objectives were to identify the attributes of visitors’ experiences in a regional park and to assess how it can be useful in forest management. Two complementary qualitative methodologies were applied: on the one hand, we analyzed the comments written by visitors on guest books, and on the other hand, we interviewed visitors we met on the site. Results indicate the relevance of using visitors’ experiences to promote a plural and harmonious use of forest lands. The study allows for an in-depth understanding of experience components, both common and specific, which vary according to visitors. Moreover, the study reveals that it’s possible to connect certain experience profiles with harmonization terms. Finally, beyond the mere experience, it appears that forest managers who are aware of the perception and image of forest management will certainly benefit from this information.

<p>Background: Globally, neonatal mortality (i.e. deaths occurring during the first month of life) accounts for 44% of the 11 million infants that die every year (Lawn, Cousens &amp / Zupan, 2005). Early&nbsp / detection of illness and referral of mothers and infants during the peri-natal period to higher levels of care can lead to substantial reductions in maternal and child mortality in developing&nbsp / countries. Establishing effective referral systems from the community to health facilities can be achieved through greater utilization of community health workers and improved health seeking&nbsp / behaviour. Study design: The Good Start Saving Newborn Lives study being conducted in Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal, is a community randomized trial to assess the effect of an integrated home&nbsp / visit package delivered to mothers during pregnancy and post delivery on uptake of PMTCT interventions and appropriate newborn care practices. The home visit package is delivered by community health workers in fifteen intervention clusters. Control clusters receive routine health facility antenatal and postpartum care. For any identified danger signs during a home visit,&nbsp / community health workers write a referral and if necessary refer infants to a local clinic or hospital. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this referral system by describing&nbsp / community health worker referral completion rates as well as health-care seeking practices and perceptions of mothers. A cross- sectional survey was undertaken using a structured&nbsp / questionnaire with all mothers who had been referred to a clinic or hospital by a community health worker since the start of the Good Start Saving Newborn Lives Trial. Data collection: Informed consent was obtained from willing participants. Interviews were conducted by a trained research assistant in the mothers&rsquo / home or at the study&nbsp / offices. Road to Health Cards were reviewed to confirm referral completion. Data was collected by means of a cell phone (mobile researcher software) and the database was later transferred to Epi-info and STATA IC 11 for analysis.&nbsp / Descriptive analysis was&nbsp / conducted so as to establish associations between explanatory factors and referral completion and to describe referral processes experienced by caregivers. Significant&nbsp / associations between categorical variables were assessed using chi square tests and continuous variables using analysis of variance. Results: A total of 2423 women were&nbsp / enrolled in the SNL study and 148 had received a referral for a sick infant by a CHW by June 2010. The majority (95%) of infants were referred only once during the time of enrolment, the&nbsp / highest number of which occurred within&nbsp / the first 4 weeks of life (62%) with 22% of these being between birth and 2 weeks of age. Almost all mothers (95%) completed the referral by taking&nbsp / their child to a health facility. Difficulty in breathing and rash accounted for the highest number of referrals (26% and 19% respectively). None of the six mothers who did not complete referral recognised any danger signs in their infants. In only 16% of cases did a health worker give written feedback on the outcome of the referral to the referring CHW.&nbsp / Conclusion: This study found&nbsp / high compliance with referrals for sick infants by community health workers in Umlazi. This supports the current primary health care re-engineering process being undertaken by the South&nbsp / African National Department of Health (SANDOH) which will involve the establishment of family health worker teams&nbsp / including community health workers. A key function of these workers will&nbsp / be to conduct antenatal and postnatal visits to women in their homes and to identify and refer ill children. Failure of mothers to identify danger signs in the infant was associated with&nbsp / non-completion of referral. This highlights the need for thorough counseling of mothers during the antenatal and early postnatal period on neonatal danger signs which can be reinforced by&nbsp / community health workers. Most of the referrals in this study were&nbsp / neonates which strengthens the need for home visit packages delivered by community health workers during the antenatal&nbsp / and post-natal period as currently planned by the South African National Department of Health.Recommendations: This study supports the current plans of the Department of Health for greater involvement of CHWs in Primary Health Care. Attention should be given to improving communication between health facilities and CHWs to ensure continuity of care and greater&nbsp / realization of a team approach to PHC.</p>

Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) is a strategy that was developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate of children younger than 5 years and to improve the quality of life of these children. The reduction of child mortality and morbidity is one of the Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs) as sub-Saharan Africa has a high child mortality and morbidity prevalence. The IMCI strategy has three components namely case management, the health system and the household and community component. This strategy was implemented internationally, including South Africa, where it is implemented within Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities. The implementation of the IMCI strategy was introduced to the PHC environment of South Africa and aims to enhance the equity, accessibility, affordability and availability of health care to all South African citizens, with the focus in this study on the child younger than 5 years. The North West province started training the professional nurses and implemented IMCI in 1998. The Dr. Kenneth Kaunda district (one of the districts in North West Province) and with specific focus on the Matlosana sub-district identified challenges in the implementation of the IMCI strategy by professional nurses. Challenges such as a lack of trained staff, the short time frame available for consultation amidst an already overburdened clinic and the physical infrastructure of the PHC facilities are such examples. The main aim of this research was to explore and gain insight and understanding in the challenges professional nurses working in PHC facilities face regarding the implementation of the IMCI strategy. A qualitative research design was used to conduct this study on daily work-life experiences of the professional nurses. Individual, semi-structured interviews were used as the method of data collection. The main question asked was: “What are the challenges faced by professional nurses in PHC facilities regarding the implementation of the IMCI strategy?” Data saturation was reached after 18 professional nurses were interviewed (N=18). Digitally voice recorded interviews were transcribed and content analysis was conducted. The findings of this research suggest that the professional nurses in the PHC facilities indeed experienced challenges regarding IMCI implementation. The main themes that emerged were challenges regarding the organisation and service delivery; challenges specific to the implementation of the IMCI strategy and also challenges external to the clinic that impacted directly on the IMCI strategy implementation. The findings were discussed with literature integration. From the research results and conclusions, the researcher compiled recommendations for nursing education, nursing research, and community health practice. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) is a strategy that was developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate of children younger than 5 years and to improve the quality of life of these children. The reduction of child mortality and morbidity is one of the Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs) as sub-Saharan Africa has a high child mortality and morbidity prevalence. The IMCI strategy has three components namely case management, the health system and the household and community component. This strategy was implemented internationally, including South Africa, where it is implemented within Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities. The implementation of the IMCI strategy was introduced to the PHC environment of South Africa and aims to enhance the equity, accessibility, affordability and availability of health care to all South African citizens, with the focus in this study on the child younger than 5 years. The North West province started training the professional nurses and implemented IMCI in 1998. The Dr. Kenneth Kaunda district (one of the districts in North West Province) and with specific focus on the Matlosana sub-district identified challenges in the implementation of the IMCI strategy by professional nurses. Challenges such as a lack of trained staff, the short time frame available for consultation amidst an already overburdened clinic and the physical infrastructure of the PHC facilities are such examples. The main aim of this research was to explore and gain insight and understanding in the challenges professional nurses working in PHC facilities face regarding the implementation of the IMCI strategy. A qualitative research design was used to conduct this study on daily work-life experiences of the professional nurses. Individual, semi-structured interviews were used as the method of data collection. The main question asked was: “What are the challenges faced by professional nurses in PHC facilities regarding the implementation of the IMCI strategy?” Data saturation was reached after 18 professional nurses were interviewed (N=18). Digitally voice recorded interviews were transcribed and content analysis was conducted. The findings of this research suggest that the professional nurses in the PHC facilities indeed experienced challenges regarding IMCI implementation. The main themes that emerged were challenges regarding the organisation and service delivery; challenges specific to the implementation of the IMCI strategy and also challenges external to the clinic that impacted directly on the IMCI strategy implementation. The findings were discussed with literature integration. From the research results and conclusions, the researcher compiled recommendations for nursing education, nursing research, and community health practice. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-25T18:31:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMR.pdf: 2791855 bytes, checksum: 3e707fcaeafbe44747001bd27a789cca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T18:18:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMR.pdf: 2791855 bytes, checksum: 3e707fcaeafbe44747001bd27a789cca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T18:18:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMR.pdf: 2791855 bytes, checksum: 3e707fcaeafbe44747001bd27a789cca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T18:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMR.pdf: 2791855 bytes, checksum: 3e707fcaeafbe44747001bd27a789cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Não recebi financiamento / There are few hospitals with accredited and/or certified status in Brazil. However, it was observed that a small number of private hospitals has been invested in multiple certification and/or accreditation strategy, cumulating two or more certificates. This unusual condition outbursts on the hypothesis that these hospitals integrate their management systems in some degree, resulting in integrated management systems (SGI). Despite the SGI theory has been covered many manufacturing and service sectors, it is still under development stage and needs more research in healthcare field. This work has performed case studies in four hospitals which have integrated two or more management systems, seeking to identify the integration model, the integration degree, the integration strategy, and the integration maintenance mechanism used. It applied a retrospective multiple case study approach, using a semi-structured interview as main instrument to interview managers in charge of the management systems at the analysis units. All analysis units are in Minas Gerais state and were selected by convenience. The case studies indicated external stimulus as main ground to adopt multiple certification and/or accreditation strategy. As for the management systems integration process, this did not rely straightly on the models proposed by the literature, but it has emerged from the need of rule and integrate crucial disciplines in healthcare (safety, risk management, clinical pharmacy, hospital governance, etc.), which become possible through complementation of different management system standards requirements. It was not recognized any use of structured integration model, but the observed characteristics of the SGIs resembled the theoretical tecnocentric model, the integration degree just achieved the tactical and operational stratums at partial and full integrated levels, respectively. The integration strategy was characterized as mixed in three analysis units and sequential in another one. The maintenance of the SGIs has been performed by the mechanism of assimilation in all the analysis units. At the end, it presents a framework to guide the management system integration process of the standards NBR ISO 9001:2015 and NIAHO based on the model of systems. / Existem poucos hospitais acreditados e/ou certificados no Brasil. Contudo, observou-se que um reduzido grupo de hospitais privados tem investido na múltipla certificação e/ou acreditação, acumulando duas ou mais acreditações e/ou certificações. Essa situação particular culminou na hipótese de que os sistemas de gestão implementados nesses hospitais estivessem integrados em algum grau, resultando em um sistema de gestão integrado (SGI). Apesar da teoria de SGI já ter coberto diversos setores de manufatura e de serviços, essa ainda está em desenvolvimento e carece de pesquisas na área da saúde. Este trabalho realizou estudo de casos em quatro hospitais que integraram dois ou mais sistemas de gestão, buscando identificar o modelo, o nível e a estratégia de integração e o mecanismo de manutenção utilizados. Empregou-se o procedimento de estudo de casos múltiplos retrospectivos, utilizando como principal instrumento de pesquisa entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos gestores responsáveis pelos sistemas de gestão. As unidades de análise constituíram-se de hospitais escolhidos por conveniência sediados no estado de Minas Gerais. A análise dos casos apontou como principal motivação para a adoção da estratégia de múltipla certificação e/ou acreditação estímulos externos. Quanto ao processo de integração identificado, esse não se apoiou diretamente em modelos propostos na literatura específica, mas na necessidade de se dominar e integrar disciplinas críticas à área da saúde (segurança, gestão de riscos, farmácia clínica, governança hospitalar etc.), o que foi possível pela complementação de requisitos de diferentes normas de sistemas de gestão. Não foi identificada a aplicação de nenhum modelo teórico de integração estruturado, mas as características dos SGIs observadas se aproximaram daquelas atribuídas ao modelo teórico tecnocêntrico, a integração alcançou apenas os estratos organizacionais tático e operacional em nível parcialmente integrado e totalmente integrado, respectivamente. A estratégia de integração foi classificada como mista em três unidades de análise e sequencial em uma. Em todas as unidades de análise a manutenção do SGI foi realizada pelo mecanismo de assimilação. Apresenta-se ao final uma estrutura de orientação para o processo de integração das normas NBR ISO 9001:2015 e NIAHO embasada no modelo sistêmico.

The use of certification is considered a facilitating tool in demonstrating the company's commitment to all the stakeholders, and how organizations today are increasingly under pressure to perform more with less, the search for the junction of these standards in an integrated management system is seen as an opportunity. As the work program this management need the cooperation of everyone involved, this idea infiltrate into the company culture is necessary. This study aimed to propose a system of integrated management of ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards from the ISO 9001 implemented in leather tanning company, based on the adaptation and use of organizational culture. In this sense, the research is classified as applied qualitative and quantitative approach and procedure as a case study. The main results obtained highlight the relevance of this study for both academia and for the business sector, which reported that the merits of an integrated management arising from a system of standards facilitates the process. The conceptual model used in this study found that there is a significant interaction between the quality systems, environmental and OHS thus from a rigorous analysis of the ISO 9001 standard implemented in the company of this study may suggest actions which have created competence to harmonize understanding the business and subsystems that most influence on your performance, it is expected that by using the suggestions proposed the organization deliberately turn for the better and as a result, disseminate gains in perceived quality of its products and brand reliability internally and externally. It was concluded that with some adjustments in the Gobba Leather enterprise system, it can integrate their quality processes, environment and safety as well as to guarantee such certifications, noting that the proposed action adaptation of the organizational culture of the company in order to that everyone understands the many benefits of this procedure will ensure the success of management. / A utilização de certificações é considerada uma ferramenta facilitadora na demonstração do comprometimento da empresa perante todos os stakeholders, e como as organizações atuais estão sendo cada vez mais pressionadas a executarem mais com menos, a busca pela junção destas normas em um sistema de gestão integrada é observada como oportunidade. Visto que o trabalho de programar essa gestão necessita da colaboração de todos os envolvidos, infiltrar esta ideia na cultura da empresa se faz necessário. Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor uma sistemática de gestão integrada das normas ISO 14001 e OHSAS 18001, a partir da certificação ISO 9001 implementada na empresa de curtimento de couro, com base na adaptação e utilização da cultura organizacional. Neste sentido a pesquisa classifica-se como aplicada com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, tendo como procedimento um estudo de caso. Como principais resultados obtidos, destaca-se a relevância deste estudo tanto para o meio acadêmico como para o âmbito empresarial, onde registrou-se que a procedência de uma gestão integrada advinda de uma das normas do sistema facilita o processo. O modelo conceitual utilizado nesta pesquisa considerou que há uma significativa interação entre os sistemas da qualidade, ambiental e SST, dessa forma a partir de uma análise rigorosa da norma ISO 9001 implantada na empresa deste estudo pode-se sugerir ações as quais criaram competência ao harmonizar o entendimento do negócio e dos subsistemas que mais influenciarão no seu desempenho, espera-se que ao utilizar as sugestões propostas a organização se transforme deliberadamente para melhor e em consequência, dissemine ganhos na qualidade percebida de seus produtos e confiabilidade da marca internamente e externamente. Concluiu-se que com alguns ajustes no sistema da empresa Gobba Leather, esta poderá integrar seus processos de qualidade, meio ambiente e segurança do trabalho além de poder garantir tais certificações, lembrando que a ação proposta de adaptação da cultura organizacional da empresa a fim de que todos compreendam os inúmeros benefícios deste procedimento garantirá o sucesso da gestão.

No Brasil, particularmente nas últimas décadas, um considerável número de instrumentos de políticas foram criados, para uma melhor gestão dos recursos naturais do país. Dentre os instrumentos, destacam-se o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico e os Planos de Recursos Hídricos, ambos de políticas ambientais distintas, porém com objetivos, em partes, semelhantes, ao proporem, em seu escopo, a criação de áreas sujeitas à restrição de uso para uma melhor gestão do território e dos recursos hídricos, respectivamente. Diante da problemática de dinamizar o planejamento ambiental, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a efetividade de ambos os instrumentos de políticas ao considerar o efeito das proposições dos usos do solo sobre a disponibilidade quantitativa dos recursos hídricos de uma bacia. Para testar a efetividade dos instrumentos será desenvolvido um caso de estudo na região norte do Estado do Tocantins, especificamente nas bacias dos rios Lontra e Corda, inseridas no sistema hidrográfico do rio Araguaia. As bacias foram selecionadas por possuírem elaborados um plano de Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico e um Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica, a serem implantados em uma mesma área. Os rios das bacias em apreço apresentam uma considerável interação com os recursos hídricos subterrâneos, necessitando de uma gestão integrada das componentes hídricas. Aplicaram-se filtros digitais recursivos para separação do escoamento de base do escoamento total de hidrogramas das séries históricas de duas estações fluviométricas (2820000 e 28240000 – Hidroweb/ANA) e observou-se que 80 e 76% das vazões dos rios são mantidas pelos aqüíferos da região. Ao considerarem que os aqüíferos são importantes para manutenção da vazão dos rios e que os mesmos estão localizados em áreas propicias a usos do solo, este trabalho buscou localizar, na área em estudo, as áreas potenciais de armazenamento de água subterrânea, possivelmente áreas de recarga de aqüíferos (CHIARANDA, 2002), a fim de observar as proposições de ambos os instrumentos para as referidas áreas. Com o auxílio de técnicas de ponderação, análise e cruzamento de mapas temáticos em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), foi possível observar que grande parte da área das bacias dos rios Lontra e Corda estão inseridas em classes de muito alta a alta capacidade de armazenamento de água subterrânea. Como resultado da análise da efetividade dos instrumentos, algumas divergências foram observadas quanto à proposição das zonas, que no ato da implementação dos instrumentos poderá acarretar prejuízos econômicos e/ou ambiental para a região, a exemplo, a indicação para uma mesma localidade de criação de áreas restritas ao uso e de ocupação por atividades humanas. Ao realizar o cruzamento das zonas dos ZEE’s sobre as áreas potenciais de armazenamento de água subterrânea, observou-se que ambos os instrumentos propõe áreas de ocupação humana, sobre as áreas de maior potencial de armazenamento de água subterrânea. Não sendo evidenciada nenhuma proposta quanto aos cuidados específicos em relação à preservação destas áreas, não reconhecendo a interação existente entre as águas subterrâneas e superficiais e sua necessidade de gestão integrada para uma melhor qualidade ambiental da região. / In Brazil, particularly in recent decades, a considerable number of policy instruments were created for better management of natural resources of the country. Among the instruments stand out from the Ecological and Economic Zoning and Plans of Water Resources, both of different environmental policies, but with goals, in part, similar to propose in its scope, the creation of areas subject to use restrictions for better land management and water resources, respectively. Regarding the problem of dynamic environmental planning, this work is to analyze the effectiveness of both policy instruments to consider the effect of the proposals of land use on the availability of water resources in a bowl. To test the effectiveness of both instruments will be developed a case study in the northern state of Tocantins, specifically in the basins of the rivers Otter and rope, inserted in the hydrographic system of the Araguaia River. The basins were selected because they have drawn up a plan of Ecological-Economic Zoning Plan and a Watershed, both to be deployed in the same area. The rivers in this basin have a considerable interaction with the groundwater resources, requiring an integrated component of water. Applied to recursive digital filters for separating the base flow of total flow hydrographs of historical series of two gauged stations (2820000 and 28240000 - Hidroweb / ANA) and observed that 80 and 76% of the flows of rivers are maintained by aquifers the region. In considering that the aquifers are important for maintaining river flows and that they are located in areas conducive to land use, this study tried to find, in the study area, the potential areas of water storage underground, possibly recharge areas aquifer (CHIARANDA 2002), in order to observe the propositions of both instruments for those areas. With the help of techniques of measurement, analysis and cross-thematic maps in an environment of geographic information system (GIS), it was observed that much of the area of the basins of rivers Otter and rope are placed in classes for very high discharge capacity storage of groundwater. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the instruments, some differences were observed concerning a proposed areas, which at the time of implementation of both instruments may cause economic losses and / or environmental in the region, such as the indication for the same location establishment of restricted areas to use and occupancy by human activities. When performing the crossroad of the exclusive economic areas of potential water storage underground, it was observed that both instruments proposed areas of human occupation on the areas of greatest potential for water storage underground. Not being shown any proposal regarding the specific care for the preservation of these areas, not recognizing the interaction between groundwater and surface water and their need for integrated management for better environmental quality in the region.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo mensurar e analisar os impactos no processo de trabalho e as repercussões junto aos usuários com a implantação de um novo sistema de gestão integrado (ERP) na empresa Springer Carrier Ltda, em abril de 2005. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os usuários finais do sistema R/3 SAP, os gestores e usuários-chave das áreas que participaram do projeto de implantação desse novo sistema. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa survey de natureza descritiva, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários enviados por e-mail aos usuários finais, realizada em dezembro/2005, e entrevistas com os gestores e usuárioschave das áreas da empresa, realizadas em julho e agosto/2006. A análise dos impactos no processo de trabalho dos usuários da Springer Carrier foi realizada com base nos constructos produtividade, controle, satisfação e autonomia. A análise dos resultados foi realizada de forma quantitativa, por meio de técnicas estatísticas, e complementada por questões abertas do questionário e por entrevistas, traçando-se um comparativo com os resultados encontrados na empresa com outras pesquisas realizadas nessa área. Com base no estudo realizado, pode-se verificar que o nível de satisfação dos usuários com o novo sistema de gestão integrado na Springer Carrier, é baixo, se comparado a outros estudos. Ao analisar esse resultado foram considerados dois aspectos: os usuários estavam utilizando o sistema há apenas 7 meses, e o alto nível de escolaridade da população pesquisada, que faz com que as pessoas sejam bastante críticas na sua avaliação. Ao final desse estudo estão relacionadas atividades propostas com o objetivo de minimizar os impactos negativos percebidos pelos usuários e aumentar o seu nível de satisfação com o sistema. / The aim of the present study is to measure and assess the impacts on the work process and the repercussions among the users from the implementation of a new integrated management system (ERP) at Springer Carrier Ltda in April 2005. The survey subjects were the end users of the R/3 SAP system, the managers and key users from areas that were involved in the implementation of this new system. The methodology consisted in a descriptive survey. The data was gathered by means of a questionnaire filled out by the end users in December 2005 along with interviews of managers and key users in July and August 2006. The assessment of the impact on the work process of Springer Carrier users was based on the constructs of productivity, control, satisfaction and autonomy. The quantitative assessment of results relied on statistical techniques, and completed with open-ended questions and interviews; and a comparison was made between the results from the company and other surveys made in this area. Based on the present study, one can see that the users' satisfaction degree with the new integrated management system at Springer Carrier is low compared to other studies conducted in this area. Two aspects must be considered in assessing this result: (1) the users had been using the new system for only seven months when the survey was made, and (2) the high level of education of the population which makes people rather critical in evaluating it. At the end of this study, there is a list of activities that should be carried out to mitigate the adverse impact perceived by the users and increase the satisfaction degree with the system.