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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Vergleich zweier Mastschweinehaltungssysteme - Beurteilung der Tiergerechtheit

Bea, Wolfgang. January 2004 (has links)
Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2004.
2

Rasterelektromikroskopische Darstellung und Charakterisierung des Lymphgefäßsystems im Integumentum des Pferdes

Braun, Judith. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Tierärztl. Hochsch., Diss., 2004--Hannover.
3

A estruturação muscular e a intervenção da cadeia cinética responsável pela impulsão em trampolim-o caso da musculatura infra-abdominal

França, Lourenço Adalberto Marques da Silva January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
4

Aptidão física funcional de mulheres idosas-um estudo comparativo entre exercícios físicos dirigidos e caminhadas habituais

Smethurst, William Serrano January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
5

A Buff <i>Bradypus</i> or an Elephantine Edentate? Physiological and Ecological Insights into Giant Ground Sloth Integument

Deak, Michael D. 09 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
6

Proteínas do Tegumento de Abelhas Apis mellifera em Metamorfose: Identificação por Espectrometria de Massa / Integument Protein of Honeybee Apis mellifera under Metamorphosis: Identification by Mass Spectrometry

Micas, André Fernando Ditondo 19 December 2012 (has links)
Como qualquer inseto holometábolo, a abelha Apis mellifera sofre metamorfose completa, apresentando grandes mudanças na forma e fisiologia quando passa do estágio larval para o estágio de pupa (muda metamórfica). Após esta muda, com o prosseguimento do desenvolvimento, o tegumento pupal (cutícula e a epiderme subjacente), extensivamente remodelado, é substituído pelo tegumento adulto, definitivo, que passa por intensa melanização e esclerotização. Eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massas foram utilizadas neste trabalho para caracterizar as mudanças do padrão proteico no tegumento em desenvolvimento de operárias e zangões. No total foram identificadas 51 proteínas diferentes no tegumento torácico extraído de larvas, pupas e adultos (adultos-faratos). Quatorze proteínas foram identificadas como genuinamente cuticulares: Apidermina-3,1-like, Apidermina-2, Cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophins-3C e 3D, AmelCPR3, 12, 16 e 27, Glicoproteína SgAbd-2-like, e cinco outras proteínas homólogas à proteínas cuticulares de outras espécies de insetos contendo um domínio de ligação à quitina. As proteínas diferiram principalmente quantitativamente entre as fases de desenvolvimento e sexo, e poucas diferenças qualitativas foram observadas. Por exemplo, Apidermina-2 é típica de tegumentos fortemente esclerotizados e pigmentados. As diferenças quantitativas foram destacadas pela comparação da abundância de algumas proteínas e seus respectivos RNA mensageiros (utilizando RT-PCR em tempo real) entre as fases de desenvolvimento e entre os sexos. Várias proteínas cuticulares mostraram mais de uma forma molecular, aparentemente derivadas de modificações pós-traducionais. Além de conferir suporte experimental para a validação de genes de A. mellifera preditos, ou não-anotados, nossos dados forneceram novas informações sobre as proteínas que atuam no tegumento em desenvolvimento. / As a holometabolous insect, the honey bee undergoes complete metamorphosis, displaying a marked change in shape and physiology when passing from the larval to the pupal stage (metamorphic molt). As development progresses, the extensively remodeled pupal integument (cuticle and subjacent epidermis) is replaced by the adult integument, which undergoes intense sclerotization and melanization. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were here used to characterize the changing protein patterns in the developing integument of workers and drones. Overall, we identified 51 different proteins in the thoracic integument extracted from larvae, pupae and adults (pharate adults). Fourteen proteins were identified as genuine cuticular proteins: Apidermin-3,1-like protein, Apidermin-2, Cuticular Proteins Analogous to Peritrophins-3C and 3D, AmelCPR3, 12, 16 and 27, Glycoprotein SgAbd-2-like, and 5 other proteins homologous to cuticular proteins from other insect species, and containing the chitin-binding domain. Integument proteins mainly differed quantitatively among the developmental stages and sexes, although few qualitative differences have also been detected. For example, Apidermin-2 is typical of the heavily pigmented and sclerotized integument. The quantitative differences were highlighted by comparing the levels of some of these proteins and their respective mRNAs (using RT-qPCR) among the developmental phases and between sexes. It is noteworthy that several cuticle proteins showed more than one molecular form, apparently derived from post-translational modifications. In addition to give experimental support for validation of predicted, or unannotated, honey bee genes, our data provided new information on proteins acting in the metamorphosing integument.
7

Morfogênese do tegumento em Apis mellifera: construindo o exoesqueleto adulto / Morphogenesis of integument in Apis mellifera: building the adult exoskeleton

Elias Neto, Moysés 25 February 2008 (has links)
O exoesqueleto (ou cutícula) é um dos responsáveis pelo sucesso evolutivo dos insetos, não só pela proteção e suporte que lhes confere, mas também pela interface que representa entre o animal e o meio ambiente. A construção do exoesqueleto do inseto adulto envolve um processo de diferenciação denominado tanning, caracterizado pela melanização e pela esclerotização. Às enzimas lacases classicamente tem sido atribuído um papel fundamental no tanning cuticular, em particular na esclerotização. O presente trabalho consiste no estudo da função e regulação do gene Amlac 2 codificador da Lacase 2 de Apis mellifera, no âmbito da relação entre a expressão deste gene e a morfogênese do tegumento (cutícula e epiderme) do adulto. Através de RT-PCR semi-quantitativa, a abundância de transcritos foi contrastada entre diferentes estágios da ontogênese e entre distintas regiões do corpo (tórax, asas e abdome). A transcrição se acentua logo após a apólise pupal-imaginal, e se mantém alta durante todo o desenvolvimento do adulto farato. Embora haja um padrão de expressão comum entre as três regiões do corpo estudadas, nota-se um relativo atraso do início da transcrição desse gene no tegumento abdominal. Este resultado é consistente com o menor grau de esclerotização da cutícula do abdome em comparação com a do tórax e das asas. Uma análise comparativa entre abelhas operárias, zangões e rainhas revelou ainda padrões casta e sexo-específicos de diferenciação do tegumento adulto. Experimentos de silenciamento gênico pós-transcricional resultaram no comprometimento da melanização e da esclerotização cuticulares e não conclusão do ciclo de muda, efeitos que influenciaram drasticamente a viabilidade dos adultos. Análises histológicas do tegumento de abelhas submetidas ao silenciamento de Amlac 2 revelaram ainda má formação da cutícula, com alterações principalmente em sua espessura e arquitetura. Tais resultados evidenciam uma importante contribuição da enzima Lacase 2 na diferenciação do exoesqueleto adulto de Apis mellifera, fenômeno esse fundamental na ontogênese plena da abelha. Experimentos de ligadura abdominal em pupas iniciais, procedimento que impede o fluxo de hormônios ecdisteróides provenientes das glândulas protorácicas para o abdome, resultaram em inibição do aumento do título de ecdisteróides, repressão temporária da transcrição do gene Amlac 2 e bloqueio do processo de diferenciação cuticular. Tais efeitos sugerem fortemente que esses hormônios controlam a expressão do gene Amlac 2, por sua vez envolvido no processo de maturação da cutícula. Ainda, a detecção inesperada de quantidades crescentes de ecdisteróides no abdome de pupas, após o terceiro dia de ligadura, nos levou a propor um novo modelo endócrino para o desenvolvimento do adulto de Apis mellifera. / The evolutionary success of the insects is to a large extent due to the structural and mechanical properties of the integument, which is made up of an outer cuticle layer and the subjacent epidermis. As an effective interface between the insect soft body and the environment, the integument performs all the functions of a skin and of an exoskeleton. It not only supports the insect, but gives it its shape, means of locomotion, and provides protection against desiccation, besides being involved in defense strategies towards predators and pathogenic agents. Building and maturation of the adult exoskeleton include complex biochemical pathways where the enzymes Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) may have a key role. Laccases have been characterized mainly in fungi and bacteria. In insects, the function of these enzymes has been linked to cuticle tanning (pigmentation and sclerotization) and stabilization of the protein-based exoskeleton. It was our aim to identify and investigate the function and regulation of the gene, Amlac 2, which encodes the enzyme Laccase 2 in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses evidenced that Amlac 2 is highly expressed in the integument of pharate adults in correlation with cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization. Transcription increases in thoracic, abdominal and wing integuments immediately after pupal-imaginal apolysis, and remains abundant all through pharate adult development. Consistent with the different degree of sclerotization in cuticle areas recovering distinct body parts, the increase in the levels of Amlac2 transcripts occurs later in abdominal than in thoracic and wing integuments. A comparative approach using honeybee workers, queens and drones also revealed caste and sex-specific patterns of adult integument differentiation. Post-transcriptional Amlac2 gene silencing resulted in abnormalities in cuticle structure, melanization and sclerotization, as revealed by histological analyses, and drastically affected the adult molt. Such results clearly indicate a critical role of Laccase 2 in the differentiation of the adult exoskeleton in the honeybee. Experiments using a ligature to prevent the increase in ecdysteroid titer in abdomen resulted in inhibition of Amlac 2 transcription and severely impaired cuticular differentiation. These results strongly indicate that Amlac 2 expression is controlled by ecdysteroids, and has a crucial role in the differentiation and maturation of the adult cuticle. Moreover, a radioimmunoassay using hemolymph from ligated abdomens suggested the existence of an alternative source of ecdysteroids, in addition to prothoracic glands, thus leading us to propose a new endocrine model for differentiation of the adult honeybee.
8

Caracterização molecular das nucleotídeo pirofosfatases/ fosfodiesterases de Schistosoma mansoni e investigação como antígenos vacinais. / Molecular characterization of nucleotide pyrophosphatases/ phosphodiesterases of Schistosoma mansoni and their investigation as vaccine antigens.

Rofatto, Henrique Krambeck 04 April 2013 (has links)
Neste trabalho caracterizou-se a família das nucleotídeo pirofosfatases/ fosfodiesterases do parasita S. mansoni visando avaliá-los como antígenos vacinais. O parasita possui quatro proteínas desta família (SmNPP-5a, SmNPP-5b, SmNPP-5c e SmNPP-6), sendo que duas delas possuem maior expressão gênica nos estágios que infectam o homem. Dos anticorpos produzidos, apenas o anti-SmNPP-5a apresentou especificidade para a proteína nativa e utilizando-os demonstrou-se que a SmNPP-5a é uma glicoproteína associada às membranas do tegumento dos vermes adultos. Também se verificou que esses anticorpos inibiram parcialmente a atividade da enzima em parasitas vivos. Assim avaliamos a SmNPP-5a recombinante como antígeno vacinal juntamente com uma apirase (SmATPDase) e com a fosfatase alcalina (SmAP), outras duas nucleotidases presentes no tegumento de parasitas adultos. A SmNPP-5 e a SmNTDPase apresentaram menor imunogenicidade que a SmAP. Porém só verificamos a redução da carga parasitária em animais imunizados com a SmAP e tratados com doses subcurativas de praziquantel. / In this work the family of nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPP) from S. mansoni was characterized in order to evaluate them as vaccine antigens. The parasite has four proteins of this family (SmNPP-5a, SmNPP-5b, SmNPP-5c and SmNPP-6), whereas two of them present higher gene expression in stages that infect humans. Only anti-SmNPP-5a anitbodies showed specificity for the native protein. We use them to characterize SmNPP-5a as a glycoprotein associated with tegument membranes from adult worms. It was also found that these antibodies were able to partially inhibit the activity of the enzyme in live parasites. Thus we evaluated SmNPP-5a as recombinant vaccine antigen together with an apyrase (SmATPDase) and alkaline phosphatase (SmAP), two other nucleotidases involved in nucleotide metabolism and present in the tegument of adult parasites. SmNTDPase and SmNPP-5 were less immunogenic than SmAP. However, we only verified the reduction of parasite burden in mice immunized with SmAP, when the animals also received a subcurative treatment with praziquantel.
9

Determinants of seed size and yield in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hughes, Rhiannon January 2009 (has links)
It is becoming increasingly important to improve the yield of seed crops to feed an expanding population and, more recently, to cope with additional strains on food-oriented agriculture posed by biofuel production and global climate change. One strategy to increase yield is to increase seed size. However in nature, due to the limited resources of the mother plant, an enlarged seed size is often associated with a concomitant reduction in seed number. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a biotechnological approach to increase seed size through the modification of the triploid endosperm or the ovule integuments was shown to be a viable strategy to improve seed yield. Targeted over-expression of the ANT transcription factor specifically within the endosperm significantly increased seed size without negative effects on fertility. Overcoming compromised fertility in arf2 mutants established that ARF2 and the integuments are important factors in determining seed size and yield. To ensure agronomic relevance, both the gross yield and the harvest index (HI, ratio of seed yield to biological yield) were used to assess the impact of traits, such as increased integument size, introduced into Arabidopsis. To uncover novel regulators of seed size and further develop the current understanding of seed development, second-site mutations were induced in the auxin response factor 2 (arf2) mutant, which produces large seeds due to extra cell division in the ovule integuments. The ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY 4 (ACR4) gene was identified as a suppressor of the arf2 seed phenotype. In arf2-8 acr4 double mutants, an additive effect on cell proliferation was observed, indicating that ACR4 affects the seed coat through a developmental pathway independent of ARF2. Natural variation present in Arabidopsis was used to study seed yield and its components. Considerable variation in seed size, yield and HI was revealed. Significantly, high seed weight was not associated with high yield or high HI. In contrast, high seed number and reduced plant stature were revealed as important components of high yield and yield efficiency. Additionally, ERECTA was identified as a potential ‘Green Revolution’ gene. Seed size in Arabidopsis was shown to be an extremely plastic trait in response to alterations in the post-flowering source-sink ratio, increasing by 35.0 – 66.2% in the ecotypes tested. Furthermore, a difference in seed weight between restricted (high source-sink ratio) and unrestricted (low source-sink ratio) pollinations was first observed remarkably early in seed development. However, reducing seed number by restricting pollination did not substantially alter integument or endosperm development in order to facilitate increased nutrient uptake.
10

Avaliações tegumentares, esqueléticas e dentárias do perfil facial. / Tegumentary, skeletal and dental evaluations of the facial profile.

Lopes, Klaus Barretto 04 February 2005 (has links)
O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar, radiograficamente, a relação entre lábios, pogônio mole, maxila, mandíbula e incisivos em indivíduos com perfil facial equilibrado. Foram avaliados 30 brasileiros do gênero feminino, entre 19 e 31 anos de idade, dos quais foram obtidas telerradiografias em norma lateral, na posição natural da cabeça orientada. A análise cefalométrica foi realizada avaliando-se o nariz, os lábios e o pogônio mole em relação à linha vertical verdadeira que passa pelo ponto subnasal (SnV), a maxila e a mandíbula em relação à base do crânio e os incisivos em relação às suas bases ósseas. Os resultados demonstraram que o lábio superior se apresentou ligeiramente à frente da linha SnV, o lábio inferior se posicionou sobre a linha e o pogônio mole atrás da mesma. Já a maxila se apresentou ligeiramente protruída enquanto que a mandíbula encontrou-se bem posicionada em relação à base do crânio, deste modo, a relação maxílo-mandibular se mostrou um pouco aumentada. Embora os incisivos superiores tenham apresentado inclinações normais, os inferiores se encontraram ligeiramente vestibularizados. Foram, também, observadas correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas entre: o comprimento mandibular e a projeção do lábio inferior; a projeção do pogônio duro e a projeção do pogônio mole; a relação maxilo-mandibular e a relação labial no sentido antero-posterior; a projeção dos lábios e a projeção do pogônio mole. Foi observada, ainda, correlação negativa estatisticamente significativa entre: a inclinação do incisivo inferior e a projeção do lábio inferior; a inclinação do incisivo inferior e a projeção pogônio mole. / The purpose of this study was to radiographically evaluate the relations hip between lips, soft pogonion, maxilla, mandible and incisors in individuals with a balanced facial profile. Thirty Brazilian women aged 19 to 31 years were evaluated, from whom teleradiographs (lateral view) were taken in the natural position of the oriented head. The cephalometric analysis was performed evaluating the nose, the lips and the soft pogonion in relation to the vertical line which passes by the subnasal point (SnV), the maxilla and the mandible in relation to the base of the skull and the incisors in relation to their bone bases. The results demonstrated that the upper lip was slightly forward to SnV line, the lower lip was positioned on the line and the soft pogonion was behind the line. The maxilla was slightly protruded, whereas the mandible waswell positioned in relation to the base of the skull, therefore the maxillomandibular relationship was somewhat augmented. Although the upper incisors had normal inclinations, the lower incisors were slightly protruded. Statistically significant positive correlations were also observed between the mandibular length and the projection of the lower lip; the projection of the hard pogonion and the projection of the soft pogonion; the maxillomandibular relationship and the lip relationship in the anteroposterior direction and between the projection of the lips and the projection of the soft pogonion. A statistically significant negative correlation was also found between the inclination of the lower incisor and the projection of the lower lip and between the inclination of the lower incisor and the projection of the soft pogonion.

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