The placement of goods is considered an important aspect to minimize mileage, which reduces costs and the amount of environmentally hazardous emissions. In this case study with a quantitative approach, the aim was to optimize the placement of goods in an intermodal terminal to minimize the distances between its warehouses and the different delivery approaches for current and future operations. For the purpose to be fulfilled and an optimization model to be created, the flow of goods through the terminal needed to be identified and quantified. With the help of the data that emerged via the quantification, calculations of the capacities of the storage spaces could be carried out. The mileage was then calculated by using the business's current goods location to be able to compare with the results of the optimization model. The optimization was done in LINGO where an optimization model was created using linear programming with the assignment to minimize the mileage of the business. The theoretical result showed that using an optimal goods placement for the current situation reduced the mileage by approximately 21 % for the goods that was in the storage areas at the time of the data collection. For the future situation with an expanded terminal, cargo placement and priority orders could be demonstrated using planned volumes for the year 2025. The study states that by using a simple linear programming model, optimal goods placement can be determined in an intermodal terminal to minimize its mileage. / Godsplacering anses vara en betydelsefull aspekt för att minimera körsträckor, vilket minskar kostnaderna och även mängden miljöfarligt utsläpp. I denna fallstudie med kvantitativ ansats var syftet att optimera godsplaceringen i en intermodal terminal för att minimera dess körsträckor mellan lager och de olika utleveranssätten för den nuvarande samt framtida verksamhet. För att syftet ska uppfyllas och en optimeringsmodell kunna skapas behövdes därmed godsens flöde genom terminalen identifieras och kvantifieras. Med hjälp av den data som framkom via kvantifieringen kunde beräkningar av lagringsutrymmenas kapaciteter genomföras. Därefter beräknades körsträckan utav verksamhetens nuvarande godsplacering för att kunna jämföras med optimeringsmodellens resultat. Optimeringen genomfördes i verktyget LINGO där en optimeringsmodell skapades med hjälp av linjärprogrammering och dess mål var att minimera körsträckorna hos verksamheten. Det teoretiska resultatet påvisade att användning av en optimal godsplacering för nuläget minskade körsträckorna med cirka 21 % för den mängd gods som fanns i lagringsutrymmena vid datainsamlingen. För det framtida läget med en utbyggd terminal kunde godsplacering och prioriteringsordningar påvisas med hjälp av planerade volymer för år 2025. Studien konstaterar att med hjälp av en simpel linjärprogrammeringsmodell kan optimal godsplacering bestämmas i en intermodal terminal för att minimera dess körsträckor.

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es diseñar un terminal terrestre intermodal para mejorar el sistema de transporte en la ciudad de Chachapoyas. Se planteó 3 objetivos específicos los cuales son: diagnosticar el estado actual del transporte de pasajeros en la ciudad de Chachapoyas, estudiar características arquitectónicas de los terminales terrestres de pasajeros en relación con el objeto de estudio y elaborar estrategias proyectuales para el nuevo terminal terrestre intermodal de pasajeros en la ciudad de Chachapoyas. Para ello la investigación se realizó de manera aplicada de nivel descriptivo porque trabaja hechos de la realidad, de diseño no experimental de enfoque mixto transversal porque se observa la realidad y no se manipula las variables. Se plantearon 3 fases, la primera se realizó el estado actual de los terminales terrestres (observación, mapeo y cartografías), la segunda fase se realizó una investigación teórica de referentes para obtenerlos criterios necesarios (observación y análisis documental) y la tercera fase esta referida a la propuesta del diseño arquitectónico para un terminal terrestre intermodal (cálculo de demanda diaria de viajes (vehículos y usuarios), planos, visualización). Como resultado obtenemos la selección del terreno y programa arquitectónico adecuado para su función, aplicando estrategias proyectuales para el terminal terrestre intermodal en la ciudad de Chachapoyas. / The main objective of this research is to design an intermodal land terminal to improve the transportation system in the city of Chachapoyas. Three specific objectives were proposed, which are: to diagnose the current state of passenger transportation in the city of Chachapoyas, to study architectural characteristics of the passenger land terminals in relation to the object of study and to develop project strategies for the new intermodal land terminal of Chachapoyas. passengers in the city of Chachapoyas. For this, the research was carried out in an applied way at a descriptive level because it works with facts from reality, with a non-experimental design with a mixed cross-sectional approach because reality is observed and the variables are not manipulated. 3 phases were proposed, the first was the current state of the land terminals (observation, mapping and cartographies), the second phase was a theoretical investigation of references to obtain the necessary criteria (observation and documentary analysis) and the third phase is referred to to the architectural design proposal for an intermodal land terminal (calculation of daily travel demand (vehicles and users), plans, visualization). As a result, we obtain the selection of the land and architectural program appropriate for its function, applying design strategies for the intermodalland terminal in the city of Chachapoyas.

This study will help better our understanding of the import-export processes in the U.S. It examines the challenges faced by US exporters and importers, and investigates an innovative solution to tackle these challenges. The dry port concept introduced by transportation geographers is discussed, and an intermodal rail costing model is used in determining whether this concept will prove to be a more sustainable and energy efficient system than what currently exists. / text

In humans, the capacity to extract meaning from another person’s behavior is fundamental to social competency. Adults recognize emotions conveyed by body movements with comparable accuracy to when they are portrayed in facial expressions. While infancy research has examined the development of facial and vocal emotion processing extensively, no prior study has explored infants’ perception of emotion from body movements. The current studies examined the development of emotion processing from body gestures. In Experiment 1, I asked whether 6.5-month-olds infants would prefer to view emotional versus neutral body movements. The results indicate that infants prefer to view a happy versus a neutral body action when the videos are presented upright, but fail to exhibit a preference when the videos are inverted. This suggests that the preference for the emotional body movement was not driven by low-level features (such as the amount or size of the movement displayed), but rather by the affective content displayed. Experiments 2A and 2B sought to extend the findings of Experiment 1 by asking whether infants are able to match affective body expressions to their corresponding vocal emotional expressions. In both experiments, infants were tested using an intermodal preference technique: Infants were exposed to a happy and an angry body expression presented side by side while hearing either a happy or angry vocalization. An inverted condition was included to investigate whether matching was based solely upon some feature redundantly specified across modalities (e.g., tempo). In Experiment 2A, 6.5-month-old infants looked longer at the emotionally congruent videos when they were presented upright, but did not display a preference when the same videos were inverted. In Experiment 2B, 3.5-month-olds tested in the same manner exhibited a preference for the incongruent video in the upright condition, but did not show a preference when the stimuli were inverted. These results demonstrate that even young infants are sensitive to emotions conveyed by bodies, indicating that sophisticated emotion processing capabilities are present early in life.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer si le transfert des informations sur la forme entre le toucher et la vision se fait adéquatement chez des enfants présentant des troubles du langage oral (dysphasiques) ou écrit (dyslexiques) ou des troubles praxiques (dyspraxiques). Dans une première étude, nous avons effectué une évaluation neuropsychologique afin de préciser à quel niveau de traitement des informations se situent les éventuelles difficultés. Cette étude montre des troubles de mémoire de travail auditivoverbale dans les trois pathologies. Plus spécifiquement, des troubles de traitement séquentiel chez les enfants dyslexiques, des troubles du langage oral expressif, et des troubles visuo-constructifs chez les enfants dysphasiques, et des troubles praxiques gestuels, visuo-perceptifs, visuo-constructifs, ainsi qu'une faible mémoire spatiale chez les enfants dyspraxiques. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons évalué un groupe d'enfant tout-venant âgé de 4 à 8 ans. Les résultats montrent une évolution des capacités de transfert intramodal T-T et intermodal T-V et V-T de 4 à 8 ans avec des performances presque parfaites dés 5 ans pour des formes géométriques simples et des performances évoluant nettement vers 6-7 ans pour des formes composites orientées. La dernière étude évalue les capacités de transfert dans les troubles des apprentissages. Elle montre des capacités d'intégration sensorielle entre le toucher et la vision efficience mais limitée et ralentit par les troubles cognitifs de chaque pathologie.

The thesis is based in analysis of the current problematic situation in the freight transport, considering intermodal transportation as one of the possible solutions. The thesis identifies the characteristics crucial for intermodal transportation from this point of view. In the application part the thesis contains evaluation of a project that aims to develop a new type of intermodal transport unit named TelliBox.

Frente ao caráter fragmentado do espaço urbano das cidades contemporâneas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade e as redes de comunicação atuam como elementos de articulação. Nesse contexto, o transporte de pessoas tem papel fundamental de estruturação do território urbanizado que não se caracteriza apenas por laços de proximidade, sendo as estações ferroviárias nós articuladores das redes de fluxos e parte fundamental desta equação. Este trabalho aborda a inserção de grandes estações ferroviárias localizadas em áreas centrais nos intensos fluxos de escala regional e metropolitana e, ao mesmo tempo, sua consolidação como protagonistas na dinâmica urbana, atuando como geradores de urbanidade e vitalidade nas cidades. Relacionando o papel de centralidade destes equipamentos, sua inserção no território, sua função na rede de transporte e a relação com os espaços públicos do seu entorno, a pesquisa parte da reflexão teórica que enfrenta questões da contemporaneidade para assim analisar as estações através de estudos de caso. Busca, portanto, avaliar as condicionantes atuais que envolvem os grandes terminais intermodais de passageiros que tem o transporte ferroviário como elemento principal. / Given the fragmented nature of urban space in contemporary cities, mobility infrastructures and communication networks act as articulation elements. In this context, the transportation of people has a fundamental role in the structuring of the urbanized territory, which is not only characterized by proximity ties. The railway stations are among the articulators elements of flow networks and are a key part of this equation. This work addresses the insertion of large railway stations located in central areas in the intense flows of regional and metropolitan scale and, at the same time, their consolidation as protagonists in the urban dynamics, acting as generators of urbanity and vitality in the cities. Relating the central role of these equipments, their insertion in the territory, their function in the transportation network and the relation with the public spaces of their surroundings, the research starts from a theoretical reflection that faces contemporary issues to analyze the stations through studies of case. It seeks, therefore, to appraise the current requirements that involve the large intermodal passenger terminals that have rail transport as the main element.

Frente ao caráter fragmentado do espaço urbano das cidades contemporâneas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade e as redes de comunicação atuam como elementos de articulação. Nesse contexto, o transporte de pessoas tem papel fundamental de estruturação do território urbanizado que não se caracteriza apenas por laços de proximidade, sendo as estações ferroviárias nós articuladores das redes de fluxos e parte fundamental desta equação. Este trabalho aborda a inserção de grandes estações ferroviárias localizadas em áreas centrais nos intensos fluxos de escala regional e metropolitana e, ao mesmo tempo, sua consolidação como protagonistas na dinâmica urbana, atuando como geradores de urbanidade e vitalidade nas cidades. Relacionando o papel de centralidade destes equipamentos, sua inserção no território, sua função na rede de transporte e a relação com os espaços públicos do seu entorno, a pesquisa parte da reflexão teórica que enfrenta questões da contemporaneidade para assim analisar as estações através de estudos de caso. Busca, portanto, avaliar as condicionantes atuais que envolvem os grandes terminais intermodais de passageiros que tem o transporte ferroviário como elemento principal. / Given the fragmented nature of urban space in contemporary cities, mobility infrastructures and communication networks act as articulation elements. In this context, the transportation of people has a fundamental role in the structuring of the urbanized territory, which is not only characterized by proximity ties. The railway stations are among the articulators elements of flow networks and are a key part of this equation. This work addresses the insertion of large railway stations located in central areas in the intense flows of regional and metropolitan scale and, at the same time, their consolidation as protagonists in the urban dynamics, acting as generators of urbanity and vitality in the cities. Relating the central role of these equipments, their insertion in the territory, their function in the transportation network and the relation with the public spaces of their surroundings, the research starts from a theoretical reflection that faces contemporary issues to analyze the stations through studies of case. It seeks, therefore, to appraise the current requirements that involve the large intermodal passenger terminals that have rail transport as the main element.

Efficient planning of freight transportation requires a comprehensive look at wide range of factors in the operation and man- agement of any transportation mode to achieve safe, fast, and environmentally suitable movement of goods. In this regard, a combination of transportation modes offers flexible and environmentally friendly alternatives to transport high volumes of goods over long distances. In order to reflect the advantages of each transportation mode, it is the challenge to develop models and algorithms in Transport Management System software packages. This paper discusses the principles of green logistics required in designing such models and algorithms which truly represent multiple modes and their characteristics. Thus, this research provides a unique practical contribution to green logistics literature by advancing our understanding of the multi-objective planning in intermodal freight transportation. Analysis based on a case study from hinterland intermodal transportation in Europe is therefore intended to make contributions to the literature about the potential benefits from com bining economic and environmental criteria in transportation planning. An insight derived from the experiments conducted shows that there is no need to greatly compromise on transportation costs in order to achieve a significant reduction in carbon-related emissions.

Le monde des transports et de la mobilité nécessite une restructuration induite par la hausse sans cesse croissante des échanges. L’engorgement des routes, l’augmentation de l’insécurité, la hausse perpétuelle du trafic et des nuisances environnementales poussent les différentes instances à réfléchir et à agir. Dans cette optique, la Commission européenne a lancé les programmes Marco Polo I et II dont l’objectif est de transférer une partie du trafic de marchandise de la route vers des modes de transports plus respectueux de l’environnement. Cette étude s’inscrit dans ce cadre en essayant d’évaluer l’opportunité de développer le transport combiné rail-route. Plus précisément, elle propose de localiser de manière judicieuse des terminaux dédiés au transbordement de fret continental, afin de permettre l’expédition de marchandises sur longues distances avec des volumes suffisamment grands pour que le transport combiné soit compétitif. La répartition des flux sur le réseau est un élément essentiel, car l’une des principales raison d’être des terminaux considérés est de consolider les flux. C’est pourquoi une approche innovante basée sur les flux de transport est proposé. C’est en se basant sur une modélisation des flux qu’il est alors possible d’identifier les localisations optimales des terminaux et de minimiser ainsi les coûts totaux du système. La méthode développée permet également d’analyser les variations des aires de marché des terminaux en fonction de l’offre et de la demande de transport, ainsi que de mesurer les impacts sur la répartition modales.