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[pt] Este artigo investiga o impacto dos vínculos dos imigrantes (estrangeiros) com seu país de origem nas importações e exportações brasileiras. Segundo a literatura, os imigrantes afetam positivamente tanto as importações quanto as exportações porque possuem um conhecimento superior dos aspectos do mercado do seu país de origem, habilidades linguísticas e contatos comerciais que mitigam barreiras informais ao comércio. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos publicados se concentrou em avaliar essas questões em contextos de economias desenvolvidas. Diferentemente, para testar a significância empírica e a magnitude desses efeitos, usamos dados detalhados brasileiros (inexplorados pela literatura) de 2002 a 2016 no nível do município e do trabalhador para estimar equações de gravidade aumentada. De acordo com os resultados, os municípios com relativamente mais imigrantes de um determinado país (especialmente os que ocupam cargos de gerência em empresas que exportam ou importam) comercializam mais com esse país. Os resultados também indicam efeitos maiores para produtos diferenciados (mais complexos) e para países com diferentes crenças religiosas e diferentes instituições do Brasil. / [en] This paper investigates the impact of immigrants (foreigners) links with their home-country on Brazilian imports and exports of goods. According to the literature, immigrants affect positively both imports and exports because they possess superior knowledge of home country markets aspects, language skills and business contacts that mitigate informal barriers to trade. However, most of the published studies focused on evaluating these matters in developed economies contexts. Differently, to test the empirical significance and magnitude of these effects we use Brazilian detailed data (unexplored by literature) from 2002 to 2016 at the municipality and worker level to estimate augmented gravity equations. According to the results, municipalities with relatively more immigrants from a particular country (especially the ones holding management positions in international trading firms) trade more with this country. The results also indicate larger effects for differentiated (more complex) products and for countries with different religious beliefs and institutions from Brazil.

With the process of Vietnam's reform and opening up, Vietnam's economy has made remarkable achievements. Vietnam's manufacturing industry, taking advantage of the new liberal policies, has also achieved rapid development. Sufficient and cheap labor force, advantageous geographical location, preferential foreign investment policies, and friendly international trade environment with the technological upgrading of manufacturing industry are all the advantages of Vietnam in attracting manufacturing industry. However, there are structural difficulties in the Vietnam's economy. Vietnam's economy is highly dependent on foreign trade and foreign investment, and its trade commodities are mainly assembly and processing with low added value. Compared with China, Vietnam also has obvious disadvantages in the scale of domestic market and supply chain. To some extent, Vietnam's manufacturing industry is integrated into China's supply chain network. Keywords: manufacturing, foreign trade, Vietnam's economy, comparative advantage, supply chain

The analysis studies the spill-over effect of the gender equality of the trading partner on the gender wage gap. The aim is to contribute to the gender aspect of the literature studying the effect of globalisation on wage inequality, and especially to the very limited literature on the spill-over effect of the trading partner. It uses a European multi-country approach and analyses both exports and imports, which has not been done previously. For the empirical analysis, cross-country panel data is used to construct a fixed effects model. The results show a strong positive effect on the gender wage gap for both exports and imports, although the effect is stronger for imports. It indicates that a change in the gender equality of the trading partners has a significant effect on the gender wage gap. Furthermore, the analysisis extended to also analyse the explaining mechanisms raised by the literature. The results give an indication that certain groups based on technology intensity are driving the results, implying that the explaining mechanism could be the adoption of technology favoring women, but needs further research to draw any conclusions. All in all, the results provide evidence on the existence of a spill-over effect and highlights the importance of including both imports and exports for further research into the explaining mechanisms.

While Chinese economic development is often at the forefront of conversations by scholars shaping economic policy, further investigation into the state of China's economy has left a gap in research. Through analyzing the 13th Five Year Plan (FYP) and looking specifically at the effect it will have on unemployment, international trade, overcapacity rates, and the Belt and Road Initiative, the goal of this research is to understand if China will be able to obtain sustained economic growth. In order to achieve this, this research employs a qualitative discourse analysis, focusing on pre-existing works that discuss Chinese economic development. It will also conduct a case analysis of Chinese policies that target overcapacity, unemployment, and international trade. In utilizing a secondary data analysis methodology, this research will analyze the relevant policies presented in the 13th FYP and determine if it will solve the problems currently facing the Chinese economy. Ultimately, this research concludes China may be heading towards an economic recession should the government choose to have an overreliance on the Belt and Road Initiative and not heed the warning signs present within its economy.

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