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<p>'!his thesis traces the political evolution of a number of Edwardian women activists. '!he careers of the three women who are central to this work, Kathleen Courtney, catherine Marshall and Helena swanwick, illustrate the developing political consciousness of this second generation of feminists who built upon the work of their Victorian predecessors. The leadership and inspiration of the three women, which began in the suffrage movement, took a new direction in 1914. With the outbreak of war, they turned their efforts to peace work. The refusal of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies to support this new cause led to a realignment of forces when the dissenting members, led by the three, joined the ranks of men and women, particularly in the labour movement and the Union of Democratic Control, dedicated to seeking the peaceful resolution of international disputes. the opportunity to combine work for peace and suffrage was provided in April 1915 with the establishment of a new women's organization at the Congress held at the Hague. the British section of this new body was the Wanen' s International League. This organization became at once an integral part of the national peace movement, while retaining its identity as an women's organization. the purpose of the WIL was two-fold: one was to secure an errluring peace; the other, to educate women for citizenship. '!his war-time advocacy of a new basis for international relations led to a life-long contentment to internationalism for Courtney Marshall and Swanwick.</p> <p>Although in the short time they failed. in their objective of revolutionizing international relations, they did effect some enduring achievements. '!hey contributed to popularizing the idea of a league of Nations. Above all, they pressed successfully, sane steps further along the road, their claim to equal--citizenship for women.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis investigates the relationship between Fascist Italy and the League of Nations (LoN) during the interwar period, with a particular focus on the years from 1922 to 1935. This relationship was contradictory, shifting from moments of active collaboration to moments of open disagreement. The existing historiography on the Italian membership of the League has not reflected this oscillation in policy, focusing disproportionally on the crises Italy caused at the League. However, Fascist Italy remained in the League for more than 15 years, ranking as the third-largest power, and was fully engaged in the institution's work. This dissertation investigates the dynamics that developed between Fascist Italy and the LoN through a systematic study of the Italians involved. In so doing, it contributes to the historiography of the LoN and of the Italian foreign policy in the interwar period. The thesis argues that there was more to the Italian membership of the LoN than the Ethiopian crisis. It reveals the extent of the Italian presence and activity in the institution from the beginning, and demonstrates that the organization was more important to the Italian government than previously recognized. Membership of the League was essential to guarantee Italy international legitimation and recognition. Through an active appropriation of internationalism, the Italian government hoped to obtain practical benefits in the colonial sphere. The thesis uncovers the depth and variety of interactions between nationalism and internationalism in the case of Italy and the League, establishing that they did not oppose each other but rather interacted. This dissertation illustrates the complexity of being an Italian working in the League, as well as the grey areas between nationalism and internationalism evident within individual experiences. Finally, it shows the continuity of actors and expertise in Italy's international cooperation between the interwar and the post-1945 period.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis’ purpose is to demonstrate, via the examination of popular youth literature (primarily pulp magazines and comic books) from the 1920s through to the 1950s, that the stories found therein drew their definitions of heroism and villainy from an overarching, nativist fear of outsiders that had existed before the Great War, but intensified afterwards. These depictions were transferred to America’s “new” enemies following both the United States’ entry into the Second World War, as well as the early stages of the Cold War. This transference of nativist imagery left behind the ethnically-based origins of such depictions, showing that racism was not the sole and simple reason for such exaggerated visages. A process of change, in regards to America’s nativist sentiment, so virulent after the First World War, will be explained by way of the popular, inexpensive escapism of the time, the pulp magazines and comic books of the early to mid-twentieth century.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This dissertation investigates the history of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) and the broader movement of Indigenous internationalism. It argues that Indigenous internationalists were inspired by the process of decolonization, and used its logic to establish a new political identity. The foundation of the WCIP helped create a network of Indigenous peoples that expressed international solidarity between historically unconnected communities. The international efforts of Indigenous activists were encouraged both by personal experiences of international travel and post-secondary education, and by the general growth of international non-governmental organizations during the late twentieth century. The growing importance of international non-governmental organizations helped the WCIP secure funding from international developmental aid agencies, a factor which pushed the organization to increase its focus on apolitical economic development relative to the anti-colonial objectives which inspired its foundation. This dissertation examines how Indigenous international organizations became embroiled in the Cold War conflict in Latin America, and the difficulties this situation posed for both the WCIP and the International Indian Treaty Council. Finally, it examines how the prominence of the World Council faded, as major international bodies like the United Nations began to acknowledge the importance of Indigenous peoples, and as Indigenous organizations sought to participate directly in new international fora rather than contributing through the WCIP.

In the 1960s, a large number of World Councils were founded in a number of industrial branches. One of the most recognized World Councils was established in the multinational glass manufacturer Compagnie de Saint-Gobain in 1969, in connection to an international trade union action against the company. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the origin and character of this World Council and international action. The study places great emphasis on the American participation in the Saint-Gobain World Council and the international action, but explores, in addition, the work and function of the World Council, the international action’s outcome in terms of wages and working conditions, the so-called vertical implementation of the trade union action, i.e. the integration of several trade union-organizational levels in a single action, as well as the wider contexts beyond the purely economic to which the World Council and the action can be linked. An essential point of departure is retrieved from the historical materialist tradition in order to understand the conflicts of interests and the ability to realize interests on the labor market, in the production, and within politics. An in-depth discussion on the structuring of overt conflicts and international trade union actions is undertaken based on four specific theories that are based on the assumption that trade unions and employers are rational actors. The survey consists of three main parts. The first empirical section identifies the action itself—its parties, origins, course of events, and aftermath. The second empirical section interprets the parties’ perspectives and interests in the long run. The third, and final empirical section examines the structural conditions in the United States for conflictual sentiments and international action. The study provides new perspectives on the structural background to the American union’s mobilization and international strategies. It also helps to explain why the World Councils were short-lived and, in the end, did not meet the high expectations placed on them. At the same time, the study displays the main achievements and shortcomings of the international campaign against Saint-Gobain and the postwar political context to which the action can be linked.

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T18:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_VitorWagnerNetode_D.pdf: 2338095 bytes, checksum: 1e63842d6d0e92e71452fff58be97054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Tendo o navio, o rio e o porto como espaços privilegiados e os tripulantes como personagens principais, a pesquisa aborda os ¿mundos do trabalho¿ no caminho fluído dos rios da Prata e Paraguai, passando pelas cidades portos de Buenos Aires, Montevidéu, Assunção e Corumbá, ligadas fisicamente pelas águas da Bacia Platina e, numa perspectiva social, pelas relações de trabalho e de resistência operária, no início do século XX. A narrativa pretende apresentar as experiências dos trabalhadores marítimos que delineiam proximidades para além fronteiras nacionais, contribuindo para romper com barreiras historiográficas que se desenham conforme os limites geo-econômicos nacionais. Apresentam-se, de início, os ambientes naturais apreendidos como espaços que se formam ao sofrerem a ação do homem, portanto, espaços dinâmicos que estabelecem fronteiras que podem não coincidir com as linhas demarcadas pelos Estados. A mobilidade da fronteira possibilita o emprego de mão-de-obra precarizada em Mato Grosso, arregimentada no Paraguai e no norte Argentino. Da mesma forma, a urbanização de cidades do antigo Sul de Mato Grosso é explicada a partir dessa percepção de transnacionalização da região. No interior dos navios que faziam a ligação entre o Mato Grosso e o Prata, visualiza-se a conjugação do tempo da natureza, do tempo da máquina a vapor e das relações que os homens estabeleciam com esses elementos e entre si no cotidiano do trabalho. Nos bairros portuários, local de moradia e de convivência desses trabalhadores, tenta-se identificar as diferenças e semelhanças dos marítimos com os outros em terra. Na seqüência prioriza-se o estudo das organizações operárias de Assunção, para entender as inter-relações dos movimentos operários no Cone-Sul americano, especialmente dos marítimos. Os momentos de greves e boicotes são privilegiados na apreensão da solidariedade internacional de classe. Finaliza-se a tese apontando para a existência, no Cone-Sul, de duas faces do movimento operário: a luta organizada e a repressão coordenada, ambas internacionalmente / Abstract: Having the ship, the river and the port as priviledged spaces and the crew as main characters, this research is an approach to ¿words of work¿ that flowed through river Plate and Paraguai river, passing by Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Assunción and Corumbá ports, geographically connected by Platina Basin waters and, in a social perspective, by working relations and working class resistence (at the beginning of the XX century). This narrative intends to present maritime workers experiences that outline proximities beyond national borders, this way contributing to break historiographic barriers outlined according to natural geo-economic limits. At the beginning we present two natural surroundings seized as spaces formed by man¿s action, so, dinamic spaces that have established limits that can ou cannot agree with limits marked out by the States: this frontier mobility permits the use of precarious labor workmanship in Mato Grosso, employed in Paraguay and North of Argentina. In a similar way, cities urbanization at the South of Mato Grosso can be explained from this perception of regional transnationalization. Aboard the ships that sail from Mato Grosso to Plata rivers, we can have a joint view of nature time. Stean machine time and the relations men establish with these elements and among themselves in their daily work. In port neighbourhoods (barrios), living and social places of these workers, we try to identify differences and similarities of these meritime workers with others in land. Then, we try to give priority to a study on labour organizations from Assunción, to understand interlations among Cone-Sul american labour movements, particularly sea workers. Strike and boycott moments are priviledged places to understand international class solidarity. At last, this thesis points out to the existence at Cone-Sul of two faces in this labour movement: organized struggle and coordinated repression, both happening internacionally / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-17T16:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mábia Regina Aires M. Felipe - 2013.pdf: 5862117 bytes, checksum: 25b685e84336b9dc1bef9fe63f9652ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-17T18:37:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mábia Regina Aires M. Felipe - 2013.pdf: 5862117 bytes, checksum: 25b685e84336b9dc1bef9fe63f9652ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-17T18:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mábia Regina Aires M. Felipe - 2013.pdf: 5862117 bytes, checksum: 25b685e84336b9dc1bef9fe63f9652ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The focus of this research is the basics of the vocal pedagogy developed in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. It’s goal is to identify, select and analyze the pedagogical practices of the voice teachers. The main authors who support this work are Behlau (2001), Miller (1996; 2002), Ott & Ott (2006) and ware (1998). This is a qualitative research, based on the phenomenological method (FREIRE, 2007). Therefore, multiple forms of investigation were used to collect data such as revision of literature, interview, questionnaires and observations. The pedagogical approaches of the teachers were compared both to the singing literature and the teaching conceptions of the Italian, German and French schools, named as National Schools of Singing, and to the international principles on Singing. The observations allowed the analysis of the theory-practice relation developed in the context of the voice lessons, according to the methodologies of the national schools and the Internationalism in singing, reporting the teaching practices to bases of the learning cognitive process. Although the methodology of each teacher may be peculiar, the results show that their approaches are somehow related to the National Schools of Singing. However, the teachers demonstrate to be less engaged with any of these schools. They base their methodologies on the studies of vocal physiology and a wide variety of vocal repertoire according to the tonal ideals of International Singing, aiming a better quality of singing. / Esta pesquisa aborda os fundamentos da pedagogia vocal desenvolvida em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, buscando identificar, selecionar e analisar as práticas pedagógicas de professores de canto. Os principais autores que dão sustentação ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa são Miller (1996; 2002), Ott & Ott (2006) e Ware (1998). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, usando recursos do paradigma quantitativo, baseada no método fenomenológico (FREIRE, 2007). Sendo assim, múltiplas formas de investigação foram utilizadas para a coleta dos dados, através de revisão de literatura, entrevistas, questionários e observações. As abordagens pedagógicas dos professores foram comparadas com a literatura do canto, com as concepções de ensino das escolas Italiana, Alemã, Francesa e Inglesa, denominadas Escolas Nacionais de Canto, e com os princípios internacionais no canto. Os resultados das observações permitiram a análise sobre a relação teoria-prática desenvolvida no contexto das aulas de canto, de acordo com as metodologias das Escolas Nacionais e do Internacionalismo no canto, reportando as respectivas práticas de ensino às bases cognitivas da aprendizagem. Embora a metodologia de cada professor seja peculiar, os resultados indicam que suas abordagens estão relacionadas de algum modo com as Escolas Nacionais de Canto. Porém, os professores demonstram estar menos comprometidos com qualquer uma destas escolas e embasam suas metodologias nos estudos da fisiologia vocal e numa gama variada do repertório vocal, de acordo com os ideais sonoros do Canto Internacional, tendo em vista uma maior qualidade do canto.