<p>Våld i nära relationer existerar i de flesta samhällen och förekommer bland såväl heterosexuella som samkönade par. Mycket forskning har främst ägnats åt mäns våld mot kvinnor där offret ofta orsakas stort lidande. Men våld som konfliktlösningsmetod är inte förbehållet män utan används även av kvinnor. En kartläggning av mäns och kvinnors våld i nära relationer i en svensk allmänpopulation planeras och ett frågeformulär har sammansatts och översatts från engelska. Denna uppsats ingår i valideringsstudien av formuläret. Syftet har varit att undersöka frågeformulärets giltighet i en svensk allmänpopulation. Valideringen har skett genom fyra fokusgruppsdiskussioner med experter. Resultatet visar att formuläret ger en giltig bild av mäns våld mot kvinnor. Fokusgrupperna har i lägre grad kunnat validera formulärets giltighet för kvinnors våld mot män i heterosexuella relationer. Våld i samkönade relationer berördes i princip inte alls under diskussionerna. Fokusgruppernas sammansättning antas i hög grad ha påverkat resultatet.</p>

The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of behaviors juvenile sexual offenders participate in and inflict on animals, and compare them to the behaviors of youths involved in other types of crimes, and youths not involved in any criminal activity. A total of 654 juvenile males participated in the study and were included for data analysis. Participants were recruited in two phases. The first phase gathered participants from two treatment centers, and the second phase collected data from students enrolled in undergraduate classes at a public southeastern university. All participating youths were then divided into five categories: non-offenders, non-violent offenders, sexual offenders, violent offenders and youths who committed both violent and sexual offenses (violent/sex offenders). Results indicated the overall relationship between group membership and bestiality was statistically significant, χ2(4)=26.62, p< .001. Further analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between sex offenders (18.9%) and non-violent offenders (3.9%), Z=3.29, p<.05; sex offenders (18.9%) and non-offenders (2.4%), Z=4.30, p<.05; and violent/sex offenders (18.2%) and non-offenders (2.4%), Z=2.14, p<.05. Additionally, an overall test of the relationship between physical violence and group membership were also statistically significant, χ2(4)=36.42, p<.001. Further analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between violent/sex offenders (90.9%) and non-offenders (31.4%), Z=3.78, p<.05; violent/sex offenders (90.9%) and non-violent offenders (50.8%), Z=2.30, p<.05; violent/sex offenders (90.9%) and sex offenders (51.4%), Z=2.00, p<.05; violent offenders (53.8%) and non-offenders (31.4%), Z=2.974, p<.05; sex offenders (51.4%) and non-offenders (31.4%), Z=2.235, p<.05; and non-offenders (31.4%) and non-violent offenders (50.8%), Z=4.545, p<.05. Because of a low response rate, the temporal order of sexual offenses against humans and sexual behavior with animals was not able to be determined in this study. As for the temporal order of physical violence to people and animals, no statistically significant difference was found regarding the order of violence perpetrated against humans and animals.

Våld i nära relationer existerar i de flesta samhällen och förekommer bland såväl heterosexuella som samkönade par. Mycket forskning har främst ägnats åt mäns våld mot kvinnor där offret ofta orsakas stort lidande. Men våld som konfliktlösningsmetod är inte förbehållet män utan används även av kvinnor. En kartläggning av mäns och kvinnors våld i nära relationer i en svensk allmänpopulation planeras och ett frågeformulär har sammansatts och översatts från engelska. Denna uppsats ingår i valideringsstudien av formuläret. Syftet har varit att undersöka frågeformulärets giltighet i en svensk allmänpopulation. Valideringen har skett genom fyra fokusgruppsdiskussioner med experter. Resultatet visar att formuläret ger en giltig bild av mäns våld mot kvinnor. Fokusgrupperna har i lägre grad kunnat validera formulärets giltighet för kvinnors våld mot män i heterosexuella relationer. Våld i samkönade relationer berördes i princip inte alls under diskussionerna. Fokusgruppernas sammansättning antas i hög grad ha påverkat resultatet.

Trauma research has been predominantly focused on the study of the negative psychological sequelae of traumatic experience. Recently, however, increased empirical attention has been paid to the potential for positive changes, or posttraumatic growth, derived from survivors’ struggle with trauma. There is evidence accumulating in support of this phenomenon following various types of traumatic events. Using an online, cross-sectional design, the present study examined posttraumatic growth among 143 survivors of interpersonal violence. Furthermore, the relationship between posttraumatic growth and the severity of psychological distress symptoms, as well as between growth and hope was explored. Results indicated that the severity of depressive symptoms was negatively related to growth, while the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and hope were found to positively predict growth. Associations between posttraumatic growth and demographic and interpersonal violence characteristics did not emerge. The potential implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Trauma research has been predominantly focused on the study of the negative psychological sequelae of traumatic experience. Recently, however, increased empirical attention has been paid to the potential for positive changes, or posttraumatic growth, derived from survivors’ struggle with trauma. There is evidence accumulating in support of this phenomenon following various types of traumatic events. Using an online, cross-sectional design, the present study examined posttraumatic growth among 143 survivors of interpersonal violence. Furthermore, the relationship between posttraumatic growth and the severity of psychological distress symptoms, as well as between growth and hope was explored. Results indicated that the severity of depressive symptoms was negatively related to growth, while the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and hope were found to positively predict growth. Associations between posttraumatic growth and demographic and interpersonal violence characteristics did not emerge. The potential implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all segments of our society. While research exists on the physical consequences of obesity, the social implications of childhood obesity require study. Those who are obese are visibly different from their peers and are more likely to experience physical and verbal abuse when compared with their normal weight peers. Objectives: The objectives of the two studies comprising this thesis were to examine, 1) the temporal sequence between adiposity class and bullying involvement, and, 2) to determine whether the relationship between adiposity class and weapon carrying is mediated by bullying. Methods: Objective 1. Participants were administered the Health Behaviour in School-Age Children Survey (HBSC) in 2006 and 2007. Study outcomes were self reports of: 1) physical bullying victimization and perpetration, and 2) relational bullying victimization and perpetration. Relationships between adiposity and the four forms of bullying were investigated in separate analyses using a repeated measures design. Objective 2. A cross-sectional analysis of the health experiences of 7877 Canadian children (11-15 years) using the 2006 HBSC survey was conducted. Relationships between adiposity status and weapon carrying were evaluated using multi-level logistic regression. Mediation by bullying involvement was assessed using standard methods. Results: Objective 1. Adiposity class was shown to precede bullying involvement, with obese males reporting 2-fold increases in both physical and relational victimization, while obese females reported 3-fold increases in perpetration of relational bullying. Objective 2. Results suggest that overweight and obese males report increased odds of weapon carrying compared to their normal weight peers. Among obese males, partial mediation of this relationship was observed by acts of: physical victimization, relational victimization and physical perpetration. No such relationships were observed among female students. Conclusions: Objective 1. Our study demonstrates the importance of adiposity status as a determinant of poor interpersonal relationships. These findings are congruent with previous cross-sectional studies, and confirm that obese youths are at increased risk of social consequences attributable to their appearance. Objective 2. Overweight and obese male students appear to be more likely to carry weapons for defensive and offensive purposes, a behavior mediated in part by bullying involvement. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2009-08-20 14:56:57.616

p. 1-214 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-30T18:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 8888888888888aaa.pdf: 1124311 bytes, checksum: 81bfc94d868ce564e16647afcff7147b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:40:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 8888888888888aaa.pdf: 1124311 bytes, checksum: 81bfc94d868ce564e16647afcff7147b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:40:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8888888888888aaa.pdf: 1124311 bytes, checksum: 81bfc94d868ce564e16647afcff7147b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Este estudo buscou compreender as dimensões da vulnerabilidade à violência interpessoal contra mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids, atendidas em serviços de referência para pessoas soropositivas da Bahia. A investigação foi orientada pela abordagem qualitativa, a qual se revelou fundamental para compreensão do objeto de estudo, centrada no paradigma interpretativo, hermenêutico. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram a observação, que registrada em um diário de campo, a análise documental e a entrevista semi-estruturada gravada eletronicamente e transcrita na íntegra. Foram entrevistadas 32 mulheres que viviam com HIV/Aids e que estavam sendo atendidas em dois serviços de referência dos municípios de Salvador e Santo Antônio de Jesus. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de dezembro/2008 a setembro/2009. O corpus do estudo foi organizado e tratado com o auxílio da técnica de análise de conteúdo e interpretados com o uso de referencias que abordavam a temática. A partir da análise do conteúdo das entrevistas emergiram três sub-temas: (Des) cobrindo a condição sorológica; práticas sexuais e reprodutivas de mulheres antes e após a soropositividade e; vulnerabilidade à violência interpessoal na dinâmica das relações sociais vivenciadas por mulheres. Os resultados revelaram que a história de vida das mulheres soropositivas é dividida, por uma linha imaginária, em um momento antes e outro depois do diagnóstico. As características sócio-demográficas e as relações desiguais de gênero que as mulheres mantinham com seus parceiros afetivo-sexuais foram identificadas como condições que interferiram na vulnerabilidade delas à infecção. As agressões fizeram parte do cotidiano das mulheres e puderam ser consideradas como uma causa e uma conseqüência da infecção pelo HIV/Aids, contudo, nem sempre as violências sofridas foram percebidas como tal pelas mulheres, que estavam envolvidas em um contexto relacional afetivo-sexual. Após o diagnóstico, além da violência física, psicológica, sexual e verbal as mulheres também vivenciaram medos, culpas, estigmas, auto-agressões e rupturas nos seus relacionamentos. A sorologia interferiu na maneira como as mulheres lidavam com a sexualidade, pois após a infecção algumas apresentaram diminuição da libido e se recusaram a manter práticas sexuais, tais condutas contribuíram para a ocorrência de violência entre os parceiros afetivo-sexuais. Neste contexto, o empoderamento das mulheres é fundamental para que elas interrompam os ciclos de violência e construam outro panorama social, no qual, a violência e as desigualdades cedem o lugar à paz e à cidadania plena. Além disso, para a melhoria da assistência a saúde das mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids é preponderante ouvi-las, para que de acordo com as necessidades delas, mudanças possam ser implementadas na reorganização das práticas de saúde. / Salvador

abstract: It’s Not That Simple: A Complex Journey of an MFA Applied Project discusses the experience of graduate student, Molly W. Schenck. Schenck’s applied project, It’s Not That Simple, was an interdisciplinary dance theatre performance piece that challenges rape culture on college campuses. While the focus of the applied project was this performance, it was the obstacles and highlights that were related to the project that made the journey memorable. This paper will discuss the history and evolution of It’s Not That Simple, the creative process, the research, the trajectory of the project, and reflections on the journey. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Dance 2016

A violência interpessoal/bullying (VIP-B) pode ser comum no ensino superior e afetar o ajustamento e adaptação de estudantes à Universidade e a sua saúde mental. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar o conteúdo de uma escala sobre violência interpessoal (\"bullying\") no contexto da graduação. Um estudo exploratório anterior identificou diferentes categorias, incluindo violência na relação veteranocalouro, na relação professor-aluno, devido à orientação sexual e gênero; devido a características pessoais, origem étnica e classe social. Essas categorias deram origem à construção de uma versão inicial, com 83 afirmativas em uma Escala Likert de 5 pontos. Dez juízes especialistas com experiência profissional em violência e construção de escalas avaliaram esta versão e a concordância entre eles (valor do índice de validade do conteúdo: > 0,80) foi utilizada para manutenção dos itens da escala. A avaliação dos juízes levou à exclusão de 27 afirmativas e à adoção de uma escala Likert de quatro pontos para as respostas. Os juízes concordaram que os itens restantes eram pertinentes, significativos e estavam apresentados na ordem correta, com clareza, coerência e abrangência suficientes. Linguagem, layout e instruções para preenchimento e resposta também foram considerados apropriados. A versão final foi aplicada a estudantes (N=20) que concordaram que a escala era totalmente compreensível (18/20) ou quase compreensível (2/20), com todos os itens fáceis de responder. Com base no julgamento dos juízes e na opinião dos estudantes que participaram da aplicação piloto, a versão final de 56 itens da escala VIP-B foi composta e está pronta para ser submetida a outros procedimentos para validação completa (homogeneidade, fidedgnidade, consistência interna). Este estudo seguiu as etapas recomendadas na literatura para a construção e validação de conteúdo de instrumentos estruturados. O trabalho adicional com maior número de alunos permitirá completar a validação psicométrica da escala. A medição de VIP-B usando um instrumento válido e confiável é importante, pois essas situações podem afetar o ajustamento do estudante à Universidade e influenciar negativamente a aprendizagem e permanência estudantil. / Interpersonal violence/bullying (IPV-B) may be common in higher education and may affect the adjustment and adaptation of students to the university and their mental health. This study aimed at developing and validating the content of a scale on interpersonal violence (\"bullying\") in the context of undergraduate courses in health sciences. An earlier exploratory study identified different categories, including violence: in the veteran-freshman relationship, in the teacher-student relationship, against the woman, motivated by sexual orientation, personal characteristics, ethnic origin and social class. These categories gave rise to the construction of an initial 83- item version in a 5-point Likert Scale. Ten expert referees with professional experience in violence and scale construction evaluated this version and the agreement between them (value of content validity index: > 0.80) was used to maintain or exclude items from the scale. Referee evaluation led indeed to the exclusion of 27 items and the adoption of a 4-point Likert Scale. Referees did agree that the remaining items were relevant, meaningful and presented in the correct order, with sufficient clarity, coherence and comprehensiveness. Language, layout and instructions for completion and response were also considered appropriate. The final version was applied to undergraduate students (N = 20) who agreed that the scale was fully understandable (18/20) or almost comprehensible (2/20), with all items considered easy to answer. Based on referee judgment and students opinion, a final 56-item version of the IPV-B scale was composed and is ready for procedures aiming at completing validation (homogeneity, reliability, internal consistency). This study followed the steps recommended in the literature for the construction and content validation of structured instruments. Additional work with larger number of students will allow the psychometric validation of the scale to be completed. The measurement of IPV-B using a valid and reliable instrument is important, since these situations may affect student adjustment to the University and negatively influence learning and permanence.

Background: We examined the relationships among experiences of interpersonal violence, mental health, and sexual identity in a national sample of young adult women in Australia. Methods: We used existing data from the third (2003) wave of young adult women (aged 25- 30) in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). We conducted bivariate analyses and fit multiple and logistic regression models to test experiences of six types of interpersonal violence (physical abuse, severe physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, harassment, and being in a violent relationship), and the number of types of violence experienced, as predictors of mental health. We compared types and number of types of violence across sexual identity subgroups. Results: Experiences of interpersonal violence varied significantly by sexual identity. Controlling for demographic characteristics, compared to exclusively heterosexual women, mainly heterosexual and bisexual women were significantly more likely to report physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. Mainly heterosexual and lesbian women were more likely to report severe physical abuse. Mainly heterosexual women were more than three times as likely to have been in a violent relationship in the past three years, and all three sexual minority subgroups were two to three times as likely to have experienced harassment. Bisexual women reported significantly higher levels of depression than any of the other sexual identity groups and scored lower on mental health than did exclusively heterosexual women. In linear regression models, interpersonal violence strongly predicted poorer mental health for lesbian and bisexual women. Notably, mental health indicators were similar for exclusively heterosexual and sexual minority women who did not report interpersonal violence. Experiencing multiple types of interpersonal violence was the strongest predictor of stress, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Interpersonal violence is a key contributor to mental health disparities, especially among women who identify as mainly heterosexual or bisexual. More research is needed that examines within-group differences to determine which subgroups are at greatest risk for various types of interpersonal violence. Such information is critical to the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies.