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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

O sujeito semiótico: uma tipologia / A typology of the Semiotic Subject

Souza, Paula Martins de 20 April 2016 (has links)
Como sói acontecer aos grandes movimentos intelectuais que propõem rupturas por relação às epistemes anteriores, o estruturalismo assumiu algumas posturas radicais, em grande medida responsáveis pela conquista de sua independência científica. Uma delas consistiu na despsicologização da linguagem. Por outro lado, esse gesto fundador não tardou a ser contestado por diversas disciplinas que consideravam o ponto de vista estrutural demasiado redutor para lidar com os objetos das humanidades. Sucede que a rápida ascensão e queda desse movimento dificultou a assimilação de suas principais ideias: do centro da cena, o estruturalismo rapidamente foi relegado aos bastidores da pesquisa em humanidades. Disso resultou a pasteurização do estruturalismo quando, no verdade, ele se desdobrou em diversas frentes, muitas vezes contraditórias entre si. Esta tese está embasada em uma interpretação da teoria da linguagem de Hjelmslev que, ao contrário das leituras correntes, considera seu modelo teóricoepistemológico como uma base estrutural aberta à abordagem dos elementos transcendentes às linguagens, como é o caso da subjetividade, ainda que sempre sejam regidos pela imanência. A vertente tensiva dos estudos semióticos, cujo principal idealizador é Claude Zilberberg, é um exemplo dessa abertura. Valendo-se da base teóricoepistemológica hjelmsleviana, mostra a produtividade de seus pressupostos diante de fenômenos tais como a subjetividade, pertencente à dimensão sensível, e o acontecimento. Tendo por objetivo último aprofundar os estudos do sujeito semiótico, esta investigação enfrentou um terreno espinhoso diante das exigências dessa categoria de análise, que parecer enjeitar os limites excessivamente formais que lhe foram impostos quando de sua formulação na semiótica francesa. Ela exige um aumento de sua espessura em troca de compartilhar os segredos dos mecanismos de significação que permitem entender suas propriedades subjetais. Inicialmente concebido como coincidente com as ações que efetua, o sujeito logo reivindica a presença de um destinador que justifique sua emissividade, e das forças antagonistas que sustentam sua remissividade. A explicação das funções que contrai com os demais actantes vai solicitar o desenvolvimento da teoria das modalidades que, por sua vez, exigirá a ampliação de sua potencialidade dentro de um quadro passional alargado. Partindo de uma relação eminentemente solipsista entre um sujeito e um objeto separados por um abismo amorfo, o sujeito semiótico vai paulatinamente galgando um estatuto de categoria intersubjetiva. Um salto nesse sentido foi operado por C. Zilberberg, notadamente a partir de sua formulação tensiva, interdependente, entre as dimensões sensível (subjetiva) e inteligível (objetiva) da significação. Entretanto, a elaboração de seu modelo teve sempre uma orientação global, de sorte que não se debruçou especificamente nas demandas particulares do sujeito. Considerando os avanços que a vertente tensiva propicia para a abordagem do sujeito semiótico e tendo partido de uma episteme assumidamente apoiada na estrutura , seu quadro teórico-metodológico será empregado nesta tese para o aprofundamento do exame do sujeito. / As it often happens with important intellectual movements that intentionally breaks off from well established episteme, structuralism assumed some rather radical standpoints which paved the way for the acquisition of much of its scientific autonomy. One of those would be the depsychologisation of language. It did not take too long though for this seminal move to be contested by many other disciplines who claimed it was a reductive point of view which would never prove itself capable of dealing with human sciences objects. It turns out that this movements swift rise and fall from the spotlights down to backstage in academia, would hinder the assimilation of a number of its core postulates. As a result many fertile findings were lessened and stereotyped. By the time all this was happening, however, structuralism as a whole was changing from the inside and giving way to new forms of itself, with some of them opposing all others. This work is based upon the particular perspective of L. Hjelmslev theory of language that, contrarily to commonplace understandings of it, takes his theoreticalepistemological model as an open structural basis for language transcending components, like subjectivity, however still ruled by immanence. The tensive rendering of semiotic studies whose originator is C. Zilberberg illustrates this perspective. Standing by the Hjelmslevian theories and methods, these studies reveal how effective they are when dealing with phenomena like subjectivity (a notion implied by the sensible dimension) and events. Aiming at investigating the semiotic subject in deep, the present work goes through this conceptual no-mans land while facing the subject category outward resistance imposed by a life-long formulation rooting out in French semiotics. This category claims for some notional broadening in exchange for sharing the secrets of the meaning mechanisms leading to grasp its subjective properties. Once conceived as a support vessel for actions to happen, the subject has soon claimed the presence of a sender, to justify its emissivity, and of contending forces supporting its remissivity. The study of the functions holding among the subject and the other actants will require further developments from the theory of modalities which will in turn yield the widening of the subject onto a broader passional context. Coming from an essentially solipsist relationship between subject and object separated by formless void, the semiotic subject now goes patiently up toward an intersubjective category status. A bold move in this direction has been achieved by Zilberberg, specially with his tensive interdependent formulation between the sensible (subjective) and intelligible (objective) dimensions of meaning. Nevertheless, on elaborating his model he always had the global picture in mind, henceforth leaving aside particular requirements of the semiotic subject. Relying on the contributions put forth by tensive studies on the semiotic subject and willingly rooted in structural episteme its theoreticalmethodological tools will be put to use in the present work in order to deepen the contemporary investigation on the semiotic subject.
2

O sujeito semiótico: uma tipologia / A typology of the Semiotic Subject

Paula Martins de Souza 20 April 2016 (has links)
Como sói acontecer aos grandes movimentos intelectuais que propõem rupturas por relação às epistemes anteriores, o estruturalismo assumiu algumas posturas radicais, em grande medida responsáveis pela conquista de sua independência científica. Uma delas consistiu na despsicologização da linguagem. Por outro lado, esse gesto fundador não tardou a ser contestado por diversas disciplinas que consideravam o ponto de vista estrutural demasiado redutor para lidar com os objetos das humanidades. Sucede que a rápida ascensão e queda desse movimento dificultou a assimilação de suas principais ideias: do centro da cena, o estruturalismo rapidamente foi relegado aos bastidores da pesquisa em humanidades. Disso resultou a pasteurização do estruturalismo quando, no verdade, ele se desdobrou em diversas frentes, muitas vezes contraditórias entre si. Esta tese está embasada em uma interpretação da teoria da linguagem de Hjelmslev que, ao contrário das leituras correntes, considera seu modelo teóricoepistemológico como uma base estrutural aberta à abordagem dos elementos transcendentes às linguagens, como é o caso da subjetividade, ainda que sempre sejam regidos pela imanência. A vertente tensiva dos estudos semióticos, cujo principal idealizador é Claude Zilberberg, é um exemplo dessa abertura. Valendo-se da base teóricoepistemológica hjelmsleviana, mostra a produtividade de seus pressupostos diante de fenômenos tais como a subjetividade, pertencente à dimensão sensível, e o acontecimento. Tendo por objetivo último aprofundar os estudos do sujeito semiótico, esta investigação enfrentou um terreno espinhoso diante das exigências dessa categoria de análise, que parecer enjeitar os limites excessivamente formais que lhe foram impostos quando de sua formulação na semiótica francesa. Ela exige um aumento de sua espessura em troca de compartilhar os segredos dos mecanismos de significação que permitem entender suas propriedades subjetais. Inicialmente concebido como coincidente com as ações que efetua, o sujeito logo reivindica a presença de um destinador que justifique sua emissividade, e das forças antagonistas que sustentam sua remissividade. A explicação das funções que contrai com os demais actantes vai solicitar o desenvolvimento da teoria das modalidades que, por sua vez, exigirá a ampliação de sua potencialidade dentro de um quadro passional alargado. Partindo de uma relação eminentemente solipsista entre um sujeito e um objeto separados por um abismo amorfo, o sujeito semiótico vai paulatinamente galgando um estatuto de categoria intersubjetiva. Um salto nesse sentido foi operado por C. Zilberberg, notadamente a partir de sua formulação tensiva, interdependente, entre as dimensões sensível (subjetiva) e inteligível (objetiva) da significação. Entretanto, a elaboração de seu modelo teve sempre uma orientação global, de sorte que não se debruçou especificamente nas demandas particulares do sujeito. Considerando os avanços que a vertente tensiva propicia para a abordagem do sujeito semiótico e tendo partido de uma episteme assumidamente apoiada na estrutura , seu quadro teórico-metodológico será empregado nesta tese para o aprofundamento do exame do sujeito. / As it often happens with important intellectual movements that intentionally breaks off from well established episteme, structuralism assumed some rather radical standpoints which paved the way for the acquisition of much of its scientific autonomy. One of those would be the depsychologisation of language. It did not take too long though for this seminal move to be contested by many other disciplines who claimed it was a reductive point of view which would never prove itself capable of dealing with human sciences objects. It turns out that this movements swift rise and fall from the spotlights down to backstage in academia, would hinder the assimilation of a number of its core postulates. As a result many fertile findings were lessened and stereotyped. By the time all this was happening, however, structuralism as a whole was changing from the inside and giving way to new forms of itself, with some of them opposing all others. This work is based upon the particular perspective of L. Hjelmslev theory of language that, contrarily to commonplace understandings of it, takes his theoreticalepistemological model as an open structural basis for language transcending components, like subjectivity, however still ruled by immanence. The tensive rendering of semiotic studies whose originator is C. Zilberberg illustrates this perspective. Standing by the Hjelmslevian theories and methods, these studies reveal how effective they are when dealing with phenomena like subjectivity (a notion implied by the sensible dimension) and events. Aiming at investigating the semiotic subject in deep, the present work goes through this conceptual no-mans land while facing the subject category outward resistance imposed by a life-long formulation rooting out in French semiotics. This category claims for some notional broadening in exchange for sharing the secrets of the meaning mechanisms leading to grasp its subjective properties. Once conceived as a support vessel for actions to happen, the subject has soon claimed the presence of a sender, to justify its emissivity, and of contending forces supporting its remissivity. The study of the functions holding among the subject and the other actants will require further developments from the theory of modalities which will in turn yield the widening of the subject onto a broader passional context. Coming from an essentially solipsist relationship between subject and object separated by formless void, the semiotic subject now goes patiently up toward an intersubjective category status. A bold move in this direction has been achieved by Zilberberg, specially with his tensive interdependent formulation between the sensible (subjective) and intelligible (objective) dimensions of meaning. Nevertheless, on elaborating his model he always had the global picture in mind, henceforth leaving aside particular requirements of the semiotic subject. Relying on the contributions put forth by tensive studies on the semiotic subject and willingly rooted in structural episteme its theoreticalmethodological tools will be put to use in the present work in order to deepen the contemporary investigation on the semiotic subject.
3

La nécessité ontologique de la pensée sauvage. Développement et apprentissage dans la théorie de la perception de Maurice Merleau Ponty. Contributions et discussions sur une phénoménologie du schéma corporel dans la petite enfance / The ontological necessity of wild thought. Development and learning in the perception theory of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Contributions and discussions about a phenomenology of body schema in early childhood

Buffone, Jesica Estefania 22 November 2018 (has links)
L’analyse phénoménologique de l’expérience que Maurice Merleau-Ponty commence à ébaucher dans La structure du comportement (1967) et qui donne forme à la Phénoménologie de la perception (1945) nous rapproche du monde de la vie depuis la perspective de ce que l’auteur lui-même appellera la chair du monde, d’un monde qui nous parle médiatisé par les formalisations abstraites et par la conceptualisation d’une expérience qui nous échappe toujours et qui nous montre le caractère sans cesse fuyant du temps. À travers la nécessité de décrire l’arôme d’un citron et l’acidité de son goût, à travers la nécessité de retourner à ce monde en portant sur lui un regard plus naïf et pétri de notre expérience, nous pouvons trouver la nécessité même d’une analyse phénoménologique de l’enfance. Dans ce retour presque spontané vers la récupération des mouvements libres, du regard surpris, de la synchronie harmonieuse avec la peau des autres, l’enfant semble être non seulement le sujet d’étude de la psychologie (fuyant, complexe, échappant au regard de l’adulte), mais aussi l’image presque métaphorique de la genèse de l’acte perceptuel même, du stade pur et idéal de l’organisation corporelle d’un sujet qui semble arriver au monde doté de quelques outils qui déterminent, avant tout, son aperturité. Psychologie et pédagogie de l’enfant. Cours de Sorbonne (1949-1952) (2001), réunit un ensemble de cours dans lesquels l’auteur s’occupe spécifiquement du problème de l’enfance. Dans cette œuvre (qui constituera le fil conducteur de ce travail), Merleau-Ponty aborde différents aspects liés au développement infantile et à l’interaction entre l’enfant et le monde qui l’entoure. L’acquisition du langage chez l’enfant, la structure de la conscience infantile, l’intelligence, la perception et la relation que l’enfant établit avec les adultes, sont quelques-uns des thèmes que Merleau-Ponty développera tout au long de ces cours et qui ne seront pas seulement l’objet d’une analyse centrée uniquement sur l’étude de la constitution psycho-sociale de l’enfant, mais soulèveront également un certain nombre de questions au sujet de la théorie de la perception pour ceux qui l’abordent.Donc, l'objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les processus qui interviennent dans la construction du schéma corporel pendant la petite enfance, pour ainsi reconstruire la genèse de l’appareil perceptif depuis une perspective phénoménologique. Pour quelle raison l’enfance est-elle importante dans la théorie de la perception de Merleau-Ponty ? Existe-t-il une différence entre la théorie formulée dans la Phénoménologie de la perception et l’ensemble de concepts qui, à propos de ce processus, est présenté dans les cours dédiés à l’enfance ? Le schéma corporel est-il un construit théorique qui s’organise et se redéfinit à partir de dynamiques similaires au processus historique lui-même ? La proprioception, l’imagination, le transfert postural et la construction des habitualités perceptives sont quelques-unes des dynamiques qui seront étudiées de façon critique au sein de sa théorie, pour expliquer l’appropriation et l’utilisation qu’en fait le philosophe français et pour les rapprocher, dans le même temps, de quelques-uns des débats actuels de la psychologie du développement. De la même manière, les processus de constitution et d’organisation perceptive seront mis en dialogue avec la dynamique que Merleau-Ponty décrit comme étant sous-jacente à la temporalité historique et expliqueront ainsi les ruptures et les similitudes entre la définition du corps propre et la relance de l’histoire elle-même. De cette manière, un des principaux objectifs du présent travail sera d’explorer, non seulement les possibilités que la conception de l’enfance de Merleau-Ponty offre pour l’analyse de certains problèmes actuels de la psychologie infantile, mais également d’étudier les voies politiques que semble habiliter sa théorie corporelle de la perception depuis sa définition même du corps. / The phenomenological analysis of the experience that Maurice Merleau-Ponty begins to outline in The Structure of Behavior and which shapes in Phenomenology of Perception brings us closer to the world of life from what he will call the flesh of the world, a world that speaks to us mediated by abstract formalizations and by the conceptualization of an experience that always slips away and that shows us the unattainable side of time. In the need to paint the aroma of a lemon and the acidity of its flavor, in the need to return to that world from a naive and entrenched look in our experience, is where we can find the very need of a phenomenological analysis of childhood. In this almost spontaneous shift towards the recovery of free movements, the surprised look, the harmonic synchrony with the skin of others, the child appears not only as the subject to be studied by psychology (elusive, complex, opaque to the gaze of the adult), but also as a quasi-metaphorical image of the genesis of the perceptual act itself, the pristine and ideal stage of the bodily organization of a subject that seems to arrive in this world provided with a few tools that determine, first of all, its openness. Psychologie et pédagogie de l'enfant. Cours de Sorbonne (1949-1952) (2001), brings together a series of courses in which this author deals especially with the problem of childhood. In this work (which will be the axis of the journey that will be made in this thesis) Merleau-Ponty addresses various aspects related to child development and the child's interaction with the surrounding world. The acquisition of language in the child, the structure of child consciousness, intelligence, perception and the relationship that the child establishes with adults are some of the issues that Merleau-Ponty will develop throughout these courses and that will be unfold not only as analysis confined to the study of the psycho-social constitution of the child, but also they throw us squarely into the midst of certain questions that their theory of perception opens to those who approach it.The aim of this work is to analyze the processes involved in the construction of the body schema during early childhood, in order to reconstruct the genesis of the perceptual apparatus from a phenomenological perspective. Why is childhood important in Merleau-Ponty's theory of perception? Is there any difference between the theory formulated in Phenomenology of perception and the conception that this process holds in the courses dedicated to childhood? Is the body schema a construct that is organized and redefined from dynamics similar to the historical process itself? The proprioception, the imagination, the postural transfer and the construction of the perceptual habitualities are some of the dynamics that will be critically compared in the heart of his theory, to elucidate the appropriation and the use that the French philosopher made of them in order to join them, at the same time, with some current debates in the psychology of development. Likewise, the processes of constitution and perceptual organization will be put in dialogue with the dynamics that Merleau-Ponty describes as underlying historical temporality, elucidating the breaks and similarities between the definition of one's own body and the relaunching of history itself. Thus, one of the main objectives of this work will be to explore not only the possibilities that the conception of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's childhood offers to analyze some current problems of child psychology, but also to investigate the political paths that its body theory of perception seems to enable from its very definition of body. Merleau-Ponty's philosophy becomes, then, "towards the things themselves," to redefine them, to explain them, to make it clear that the construction of the subject of perception is in itself an intersubjective, cultural, historical and political act.
4

Filosofia da comunicação: estudos para uma hermenêutica da comunicação / Philosophy of communication: studies for a hermeneutic of communication

Bruzzone, Andrés 27 April 2018 (has links)
Paul Ricoeur aborda a questão da comunicação num texto monográfico em 1971, aproximando elementos da fenomenologia e da filosofia analítica, para questionar o modelo vigente nos estudos sobre a comunicação humana, segundo o qual tudo se reduz a um comércio de mensagens entre um emissor e um receptor. Acompanhando a evolução de seu pensamento filosófico é possível complementar essas reflexões primigênias. Surge a possibilidade de uma hermenêutica da comunicação, e talvez de uma filosofia do nós, à luz da hermenêutica filosófica e em estreita relação com o conceito de identidade narrativa. / Paul Ricoeur addresses the issue of communication in a monographic text in 1971, bringing together elements of Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy, to question the current approach to human communication, according to which everything is reduced to a trade of messages between a sender and a receiver. Accompanying the evolution of Ricoeur philosophical thought, it is possible to complement these initial reflections. The possibility of a hermeneutic of communication, and perhaps of a philosophy of the we (maybe a philosophy of the us), arises in close relation with the philosophical hermeneutics concept of narrative identity.
5

Filosofia da comunicação: estudos para uma hermenêutica da comunicação / Philosophy of communication: studies for a hermeneutic of communication

Andrés Bruzzone 27 April 2018 (has links)
Paul Ricoeur aborda a questão da comunicação num texto monográfico em 1971, aproximando elementos da fenomenologia e da filosofia analítica, para questionar o modelo vigente nos estudos sobre a comunicação humana, segundo o qual tudo se reduz a um comércio de mensagens entre um emissor e um receptor. Acompanhando a evolução de seu pensamento filosófico é possível complementar essas reflexões primigênias. Surge a possibilidade de uma hermenêutica da comunicação, e talvez de uma filosofia do nós, à luz da hermenêutica filosófica e em estreita relação com o conceito de identidade narrativa. / Paul Ricoeur addresses the issue of communication in a monographic text in 1971, bringing together elements of Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy, to question the current approach to human communication, according to which everything is reduced to a trade of messages between a sender and a receiver. Accompanying the evolution of Ricoeur philosophical thought, it is possible to complement these initial reflections. The possibility of a hermeneutic of communication, and perhaps of a philosophy of the we (maybe a philosophy of the us), arises in close relation with the philosophical hermeneutics concept of narrative identity.

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