Nesta pesquisa foram analisadas as intervenções desenvolvidas para a consolidação territorial e política do Estado do Tocantins por meio da criação e da construção de Palmas. O primeiro objetivo da tese definiu as deduções realizadas a partir das estratégias do processo de redivisão territorial de Goiás para a criação do Estado do Tocantins. O segundo objetivo analisou as estratégias direcionadas para a criação e construção de Palmas. O terceiro objetivo examinou como as políticas de ocupação de Palmas foram estrategicamente utilizadas pelo primeiro governo para consolidar politicamente o grupo liderado por Siqueira Campos. Nesse aspecto, as iniciativas mais significativas e direcionadas à separação do norte de Goiás foram iniciadas com a política de urbanização dos espaços vazios da região Norte do país, instituída por Getúlio Vargas, ainda nos anos 1930, com a instituição do programa Marcha para o Oeste. No contexto desta pesquisa, analisamos a criação de Goiânia e Brasília, como referências para o entendimento das políticas de consolidação e ocupação da região norte por meio da expansão urbana. A construção dessas cidades e a ampliação da mobilidade e acesso entre o Estado de Goiás e a região norte, foram analisadas como objetos políticos utilizados pelos grupos separatistas do norte de Goiás, até a criação do Estado do Tocantins, em 1988. Os procedimentos utilizados para estruturar os aparelhos de Estado pelo primeiro governador do Estado do Tocantins foram analisados como um dos procedimentos para justificar a construção de uma cidade para ser a sede administrativa do Estado. Na sequência, abordamos as intervenções utilizadas pelo governo para adaptar o planejamento urbano e as empresas públicas do Estado às transformações político-econômicas em curso, e o reflexo direto e indireto no ordenamento territorial da capital. Com essas intervenções, o governo deixou mais claro os objetivos da criação e construção de Palmas diante da política de configuração da identidade urbana da cidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é provar por meio de estratégias hipotético-dedutivas que as intervenções efetivadas para a conquista da autonomia territorial do norte de Goiás, a criação, a construção e a ocupação dos espaços de Palmas foram desenvolvidas como objeto de consolidação política do Estado do Tocantins. / This research analyzes the interventions developed for the territorial and political consolidation of the Tocantins State (Brazil) through the creation and construction of Palmas. The first aim of the thesis set out the deductions made for the process of Goiás territorial redivision to the creation of the Tocantins State. The second objective examined the strategies realized to creation and construction of Palmas. The third objective examined how the Palmas policies of occupation were strategically used by the first government to consolidate the political group led by Siqueira Campos. The most significant initiatives to the separation of northern Goiás began with the urbanization policy of the empty spaces in the region north of the country, established by President Getúlio Vargas in the 1930s with the implementation of the program March to the West. Thus, we analyze the creation of Goiania and Brasilia as references for understanding the consolidation and occupation political of the northern region by urban growth. The construction of these cities and the expansion of mobility and access between the Goiás State and the northern region were analyzed as political objects used by separatist groups in the north of Goiás, to the creation of the Tocantins State, in 1988. The procedures used to structure the sculling of State by the governor of the Tocantins State were analyzed as one of the procedures to justify the construction of a city to be the administrative headquarters of the State. Following, we discuss interventions used by the government to adapt the urban planning and public enterprises to the state political and economic changes underway, and indirect and direct reflection of the territorial capital. With these interventions, the government has made clearer the goals of creating and building Palmas policy setting forth the identity of the town.

The purpose of this study is to examine certain aspects of work with men who use violence in intimate relationships. In a Government bill in late 90s the Government presented its action plan on what is expected to be done in each municipality, but investigations show that the work is stationary. 46 percent of the men, who are in treatment, choose to cancel it. We wanted to find out how society will meet up with men who use violence in their intimate relationship and how to go about in the meeting.  Those who lead us to the answers in this qualitative method are three social workers and a therapist who has the task of helping these men. The study is based on interviews from three municipalities in southern Sweden, the municipalities made ​​as in between 30-60 000 residents and businesses are startups; theoldest has been in operation for five years. The results showed that they had chosen to put these activities under the sections of the Social Services but is counted as a separate project, as the driving force may apply for funding via the County Council. A strong commitment shines through these projects and go- getter momentum is necessary. The interviewees express great concern that the men are those who fall away unless they receive more money next year. The meetings with these clients are like with the other clients, at any time, you treat them with respect and curiosity for the person you have in front of you. The main work of social welfare officers do is to motivate them to come to the therapist. The therapist is the one late to capture the man and persuade him to remain in treatment, through the verse and effluents and recognition.

The thesis bearing the name "Calls With Sexual Themes On The Safety Line" in its theoretical part first briefly describes history of telephone crisis intervention in the Czech republic and also in the world, then focuses on sexual development of the child, expert advices how to effectively talk to child about sex and finally on calls with sexual themes on the Safety Line where is used of statistical data of the organization. The theoretical part is followed by a survey consisting of two separate parts: 1) questionnaires which were distributed to the consultants of the Safety Line in category I.- III.; 2) personal interviews conducted with selected consultants. The questionnaires focused on sexual themes of the calls on the Safety Line more generally, in contrary individual interviews examined more specifically what are primarily the feelings of consultants when they are talking with children about sexual topics, which kind of calls are most difficult for them and what is their help during these tough calls. Here it is worth to note that in the interviews there weren't discussed concrete calls with real children's clients, the discussion was just about the different types of calls because of prevention of the damage to the interests of the clients or organization. The thesis aims to summarize the...

回顧地震災難心理學的相關研究指出，災難創傷所引起的心理壓力反應具有長期、慢性化的影響，然而許多有心理壓力反應症狀的民眾可能會因為精神疾病的污名化、社會文化的漠視或忽視、應付接踵而至的生活事件、或症狀引起的退縮行為等種種因素，而不願或未求助心理專業的協助，因此相關的研究同時也指出發展外展心理介入計劃的必要性；然而不論在實務或在研究方面，對有心理症狀但未求助的災民實施外展心理介入卻是鮮而少見的。 / 本篇研究採用已獲多數研究證實有效治療創傷壓力疾患（Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD）的認知行為治療（Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, CBT），做為對有症狀但未求助的九二一災民外展心理介入的工作架構，再透過發現取向（discovery-oriented）的研究方法，整理分析介入訪談的資料，以獲得外展心理介入歷程的發現與探討。 / 整理、分析研究資料發現：災民容易因為災後接踵而至的生活變動或退縮而無法求助心理專業，災民因為地震後引發早期適應不良基模和外在聚焦的因應型態，以致無法覺察沒有求助或造成心理症狀慢性化，此與吳英璋（2000）所論及性格特質與災後處遇因素影響災後心理反應是一致的。外展心理介入以持續、密集的方式與災民建立適當的工作關係，改變災民對人負向的基本信念，讓災民有更深入的敘述與自我覺察，其次在貼近災民的日常生活脈絡中，從日常生活事件反覆地分析與練習，才足以動搖既有的信念與行為反應，使災民對事件產生內在聚焦的因應來增加自我效能和控制感，並且從災民置身所在的環境脈絡裡處理創傷個案的經驗迴避問題。以CBT做為外展心理介入的架構進行介入，比較無法使用家庭作業讓個案學習與練習，需透過個案所及能說的日常生活事件中，對其內在經驗聚焦、反覆辯證以致增加個案正向經驗、辨識刺激控制、以及思考的辨證，使個案增加自我效能、控制感、自我肯定等，以達到增加個人資源與賦權之目的。 / There are lots of studies about disaster psychology related earthquakes presenting long-term chronically influence to psychological reactions, and implicating the importance of outreach intervention programs for non-seeking people with traumatic psychological reactions or posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). The people might not get help from professionals because stigmatization, apathy or ignore of society, business on going daily events, or withdrawal symptoms. So far as, neither even practicing nor research, there is few article about outreach intervention program for the people with psychological symptoms but non-seeking help. This study applies the framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT) verified by a lot of studies and practice for PTSD, and uses the discovery-oriented research, to discover and gain the understandings of outreach psychological intervention to non-seeking help people with psychological stress reactions in 921 earthquake. The result finds that people with psychological stress reactions mostly accompany with continuously daily event and withdrawal symptoms to seek help. The early maladaptive schemas invoked by earthquake and the external focus make people difficult to aware the need for help and chronically, and this finding is consistent with the discussion of the psychological reactions influenced by personality trait and disaster management in Wu (2000). Outreach psychological intervention established the working relationship through continuously, condensed schedule changing their negative belief to people, and having them deeper narrative and self-awareness. Secondary, by closed their contextual daily life and repeated exercises by daily event, such impacts are enough to shake their steadily believes and habituated behavioral reactions, then to have people internal focus and increase self-efficacy and controllability; further management is contextual analysis and treatment of experiential avoidance in the ecological context of daily life. The outreach psychological intervention by the framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy, it is difficult to apply homework assignment as review or exercise between sessions; and for regaining personal resource and empowerment, outreach psychological intervention mostly applies internal focus and repeated dialectical discussion to increase positive experience, discriminate of stimulus control, and dialectical thinking, and finally people have more self-efficacy, controllability, and self-assertiveness.