Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1997. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-199). Also available on the Internet.

No description available.

Orientador: Áulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Banca: Áureo Evangelista Santana / Banca: Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos / Banca: Lilian Rose Marques de Sá / Banca: Márcio Antonio Brunetto / Resumo: As possíveis diferenças que acometem cães de diferentes idades ainda são pouco estudadas e descritas para esta espécie. O presente estudo avaliou e comparou a composição da microbiota nas fezes e seus produtos de fermentação, aspectos histológicos da mucosa intestinal e a imunidade de cães filhotes, adultos e velhos. Para tal, 30 cães beagle foram divididos igualmente em três grupos: o grupo filhotes (GF), composto por filhotes do desmame aos 10 meses de idade; o grupo adultos (GA), composto por cães adultos entre cinco e seis anos e o grupo velhos (GV), composto por cães velhos entre 10 e 13 anos. Os animais receberam a mesma dieta e nenhum outro tipo de intervenção por 30 dias e após este período amostras de fezes frescas foram colhidas para a mensuração de: pH, determinação da concentração de lactato, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e ramificada, amônia, indol, fenol, aminas, imunoglobulina A e composição da microbiota. Também foi adquirida amostra de sangue periférico para quantificação das populações linfocitárias CD4+CD5+, CD5+, CD8+CD5+, e CD21+ por citometria de fluxo, sendo esta analisada em cinco idades (45, 66, 87, 105 e 300 dias) do GF e a média destas avaliações comparada com GA e GV. Após esta análise, foi realizado teste de hipersensibilidade cutânea tardia e ao final destes, os animais foram anestesiados e submetidos a procedimento endoscópico para coleta de fragmentos do estômago e intestinos delgado e grosso para análise histológica dos mesmos. Considerou-se como significativos valores de P≤0,05 e como tendência valores de P<0,1. Observou-se que o GF apresentou maior número de Bifidobacterium spp. e Cluster IV. GV apresentou indicativo de menor atividade sacarolítica bacteriana observada pela menor concentração de acetato, propionato, butirato e ácidos graxos voláteis totais o que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Possible differences that may occur in dogs of different ages have been little studied and described in this specie. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the composition of microbiota and some fermentation products in the feces, histological aspects of intestinal mucosa and immunity of puppies, adults and senior dogs. To perform this, 30 beagle dogs were divided into three groups: Puppy group (GF), composed of puppies from weaning to 10 months old, Adult group (GA), composed of adult dogs between five and six years and Old group (GV), composed of old dogs between 10 and 13 years. Animals received the same diet and no other intervention for 30 days, and after this period, fresh fecal samples were collected for measurement of pH, determining the concentration of lactate, short and branched chain fatty acids, ammonia, indol, phenols, amines, immunoglobulin A and composition of the microbiota. It was also acquired a peripheral blood sample for quantification of lymphocyte populations CD4+CD5+, CD5+, CD8+CD5+, and CD21+ by flow cytometry, which was analyzed in five ages of GF (45, 66, 87, 105 and 300 days) and the average of these evaluations compared with GA and GV. After this analysis was performed the delayed type hypersensitivity test and by the end of this, animals were anesthetized and submitted to an endoscopic procedure for collecting fragments of stomach and small and large intestines for histological analysis. P values ≤0.05 was considered significant and P values <0.1 as a trend. GF showed greater number of Bifidobacterium spp. and Cluster IV. GV presented an indication of reduced bacterial saccharolytic activity observed by the lower concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids which resulted in higher pH in the feces of this group. GF showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

PDase II activity was determined using a synthetic substrate, the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ester of thymidine 3'-phosphate. The enzyme activity was estimated in fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of homogenates of epithelial cells fromt.the small intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs and rats. In guinea pig preparations PDase II occurred with highest specific activity in those fractions rich in succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase. A lysosomal location for the guinea pig enzyme was indicated by its structure-linked latency and by its association with particles which underwent a characteristic decrease in equilibrium density when Triton WR-1339 was injected into the animals. With rat preparations a much greater proportion of the PDase II activity was found in the soluble fraction after uult-ra;c;entrifugation. The rat enzyme exhibited a lower degree of latency and administration of Triton WR-1339 had no effect. The rat enzyme activity in these crude preparations further differed from that of the guinea pig in other respects; it was more labile at 60°C, exhibited a slightly lower pH optimum, had a higher molecular weight as determined by gel filtration chromatography and displayed a much smaller tendency to aggregate under Llow salt conditions. Both enzymes were purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and agarose, the extensive purification (550 fold) of the rat enzyme being largely due to its behaviour oh the latter material where it was found to bind tenaciously in low ionic strength solutions. On the other hand, only a fifteen-fold purification of the guinea pig enzyme was obtained because of its tendency tofform insoluble aggregatesdduring the chromatographic steps. In the main, the properties of the partially purified enzymes were quite similar. Both displayed pH optima between pH 6 and 7, were inhibited in solutions of high ionic strength, were unaffected' by divalent cations or EDTA, were similarly inactivated by heating at a temperature of 60°G displayed discontinuous Arrhenius plots _5 and exhibited Km values of the order 2-5x10 M for dTpDNP. In most casestfche differences between the enzymes were just differences of degree and could probably be accounted for byethe different extents to which the enzymes were purified. A more extensive characterization of the highly purified rat PDase was carried out. The fall-off in PDase II reaction rate observed at high enzyme levels with dTpDNP as substrate was found to be due to competitive inhibition of the enzyme by dTp, a reaction product which showed a of 2x10 M. The isoelectric point of PDase II was estimated by electrofocusing but since multiple peaks of activity were found at pH 3.4, 4.2-4.5, and pH 7.2 a conclusive result was not obtained. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified rat PDase II indicated that the pattern obtained was, in part, dependent on whether the preparation was fresh or not; freshly purified PDase II contained up to 10 bands in gels stained for protein whereas only 1-2 bands were obtained when the preparations were "aged". A molecular weight of 150000-170000 for the enzyme was estimated in experiments performed by gel-filtration chromatography on dextran and agarose gels. Investigation of the interaction with, and hydrolysis by, rat PDase II of a number of possible phosphodiester substrates indicated that'-, the enzyme required a nucleoside 3'-phosphoryl residue for the initiation of hydrolysis which then proceeded in a 5'+3' direction. Finally, the effect of some enzyme inhibitors was investigated. PDase II activity was inhibited in the presence; of NEM, PCMB, PCMPS and iodoacetic acid. It was further found that the inactivation by iodoacetic acid could be prevented by the presence of a PDase substrate or, better still, by dTp. This is good evidence that iodoacetate alkylates an essential residue at the active center of PDase II and is the first time that such an effect has been shown for a PDase. / Medicine, Faculty of / Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of / Graduate

Zhu Jinxia. / "July 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-170). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Familial Amyloidosis with Polyneuropathy was first recognized in Portugal and reported by Andrade in 1952. The disease is rare, but clustering of the patients has been reported from Portugal, Japan and northern Sweden. The gastrointestinal involvement in the Swedish form of the disease was studied in this investigation. In a study of 52 patients on their first admission 47 displayed gastrointestinal symptoms in the form of severely altered bowel habits (intractable diarrhea and/or constipation). Steatorrhea was found in 30 out of 52 patients (58%) and an impaired d-xylose absorption in 26 out of 50 patients (52%). The steatorrhea was correlated to the degree of peripheral polyneuropathy as expressed by EMG-score. No relation could be established between steatorrhea or impaired d-xylose absorption with oral lactose and glucose tolerance tests indicating an intact entero- cyte function. A follow-up study comprising 21 patients demonstrated that all patients ultimately developed gastrointestinal symptoms and that the prevalence of diarrhea became higher with the duration of the disease. In this study steatorrhea became more frequent and was significantly related to the duration. Bile acid breath test, fecal fat determination and d-xylose tests were performed on 13 patients. Six patients with results indicating an increased bile acid deconjugation in the small bowel were treated with antibiotics for one week, after which the results had returned to normal in all. Four out of five patients with impaired d-xylose absorption before treatment also returned to normal after antibiotics. Three patients with diarrhea 3-7 times daily were considerably relieved after treatment both concerning general well-being and bowel movements. The results give strong evidence that bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine is important in causing gastrointestinal dysfunction in this disease. A histopathological study of the small intestinal mucosa on 27 patients showed that 84 percent were amyloid positive. The degree of amyloid infiltration did not correlate to the symptomatic state, steatorrhea or impaired d-xylose absorption. The surface ultrastructure was normal in all of 21 investigated cases. Radiographical and endoscopi cal studies were performed on 43 patients altogether. Evidence of gastric stasis was found in 7 out of 37 patients investigated by means of gastric x-ray and in 7 out of 28 patients at gastroscopy. No characteristic radiological appearance of the disease could be shown in the small intestine, the colon or the gall bladder. Nine patients who were operated on with the construction of an enterostomy were reported. The diversion of the fecal stream when the patients had diarrhea and were incontinent meant a considerable relief. / <p>S. 1-46: sammanfattning, s. 47-128: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract with a preference for the terminal ileum and ileocaecal region. The disease was first described in 1932 and has increased during the last decades. The clinical manifestations could be referred to as inflammation, malabsorption and obstruction. The annual incidence of Crohn's disease in the county of Västerbotten, North Sweden, was found to be 4.9/105 inhabitants. In a study of 87 patients in a medical gastrointestinal unit, 23% of non-operated patients and 66% of resected patients had increased fecal fat excretion. D-xylose test and lactose tolerance test were abnormal 1n 19% and 24% respectively of the non-operated patients. No clear relation could be found between the outcome of these malabsorption tests and localization, extension or activity of the disease. This suggests the cause of malabsorption 1n Crohn's disease to be complex and multi- factorial . The morphology of jejunal biopsies from 18 patients with Crohn's disease elsewhere 1n the gastrointestinal tract demonstrated an abnormal picture 1n 13 patients when assessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A high proportion of these patients had abnormal Intestinal absorptive tests. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed 1n 13 patients showing a depletion of muscle potassium content and more Infrequently low skeletal muscle magnesium content. This depletion 1s not reflected by subnormal plasma concentration. In the Initial clinical assessment of a new gamma labelled synthetic bile ac1d-SeHCAT, 45 patients, 19 of whom had Crohn's disease, were studied. The outcome of the test correlated well with the excretion of fecal bile acids. It was possible to discriminate patients with terminal Ileal disease from other patient groups. In a follow-up study, the SeHCAT test was modified as to make it simpler and to shorten the test period. Nine patients with Crohn's disease were tested, showing a suffi cent accuracy of the outcome of the test within 48 hours, using simple equipment available in many hospitals. The elimination of radioactivity was calculated as WBR50*» the time for 50% of the administered dose to be excreted. This gives information as to the rate of excretion, reflecting the degree of terminal ileal malfunction. / <p>S. 1-41: sammanfattning, s. 43-115: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

As Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (DII), como a colite ulcerativa e a doença de Crohn, são resultados de uma resposta imune desregulada no intestino de indivíduos geneticamente suscetíveis apresentando disbiose intestinal. Essas doenças geralmente são tratadas com anticorpos monoclonais, como o anti-TNF, Infliximab (IFX). No entanto, pouco se sabe como o bloqueio do TNF afeta a resposta do hospedeiro quando ocorre uma nova quebra da homeostase intestinal, durante a recidiva da doença. Neste estudo, avaliamos os efeitos tardios do tratamento com IFX na colite experimental com um novo desafio de disbiose. Camundongos tratados com IFX tiveram remissão da colite. No entanto, o tratamento não protegeu contra a recidiva da doença, o que resultou no aumento de células mononucleares circulantes e diminuição de neutrófilos, em contraste com a redução da atividade de macrófagos e aumento da infiltrado de neutrófilos no cólon após o desafio. Esses animais também apresentaram diminuição da barreira linfocitária epitelial e aumento de linfócitos na lâmina própria do cólon, que também continha elevado número de células dendríticas inflamatórias CD11b+CD11c+CD103-. O tratamento da colite com IFX seguido de um desafio de microbiota levou à redução de linfócitos TCD4, TCD8 e ?? intraepiteliais, com acúmulo de células T ativadas, memória residentes e efetoras na lâmina própria, em comparação com o número reduzido desses linfócitos na ausência de tratamento com IFX. Além disso, o bloqueio do TNF reduziu a expressão de IL-1? e IL-6 e aumentou a expressão de CYP11B1, uma enzima esteroidogênica responsável pela produção de cortisol anti-inflamatório. Porém o desafio antigênico elevou significativamente a expressão de IL-13, mas reduziu a expressão das enzimas esteroidogênicas, CYP11A1 e CYP11B1O. O mais interessante é que a permeabilidade intestinal foi aumentada, assim como a atividade de proliferação das células nos linfonodos mesentéricos. Esses dados sugerem que, embora o IFX possa controlar a inflamação na colite aguda, seus efeitos tardios comprometem a capacidade do hospedeiro de lidar com um novo desafio, como uma disbiose intestinal que ocorre durante a recaída da doença / Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn\'s disease, are the result of a dysregulated immune response in the intestine of genetically susceptible individuals presenting with intestinal dysbiosis. These diseases are usually treated with monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-TNF, Infliximab (IFX). However, little is known about how TNF blockade affects host response when a new break in intestinal homeostasis occurs during relapse of the disease. In this study, we evaluated the late effects of IFX treatment in experimental colitis with a new challenge of dysbiosis. Mice treated with IFX had remission of colitis. However, the treatment did not protect against disease recurrence, which resulted in increased circulating mononuclear cells and decreased neutrophils, in contrast to reduced macrophage activity and increased neutrophil infiltrate in the colon after challenge. These animals also had a decrease in the lymphocyte epithelial barrier and increased lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the colon, which also contained a high number of inflammatory dendritic cells CD11b+CD11c+CD103-. Treatment of IFX colitis followed by a microbiota challenge led to reduction of intraepithelial TCD4, TCD8 and ?? lymphocytes with accumulation of activated T cells, resident and effector memory in the lamina propria, compared to the reduced number of these lymphocytes in the absence of treatment with IFX. In addition, TNF blockade reduced IL-1? and IL-6 expression and increased expression of CYP11B1, a steroidogenic enzyme responsible for the production of anti-inflammatory cortisol. However, antigen challenge significantly elevated IL-13 expression, but reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes, CYP11A1 and CYP11B1. Interestingly, the intestinal permeability was increased, as was the proliferation activity of the cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data suggest that although IFX can control inflammation in acute colitis, its late effects compromise the host\'s ability to cope with a new challenge, such as intestinal dysbiosis that occurs during relapse of the disease