Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 164 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Mari Noda, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Literatures. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-164).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 302-314).

Implicit learning is the learning of underlying regularities hidden in the environment without the learner being conscious of what is being learnt. First language acquisition in young children is essentially implicit (Krashen, 1982), but the role of implicit learning in second language acquisition is debatable. Previous research on learning of tonal languages focused on perception and identification of language tones in relatively explicit settings, and showed that tonal language experience may not help with learning a new tonal language in an explicit setting (So & Best, 2010; Wang, 2006). Yet, little research was done on the implicit learning of language tones, and on whether prior tonal language experience plays a role in such implicit learning. In this study, simplified Thai tonal rules were used as a learning target to investigate if implicit learning of such rules is possible. Implicit learning performance among native tonal language speakers with no knowledge of Thai, non?tonal language native speakers who have learnt/have been learning tonal languages other than Thai, and non?tonal language speakers with little knowledge of tonal languages were compared. Results showed that the native tonal language group implicitly learnt the target, and some trends of learning were found in the tonal language learner group, but not in the tonal language na?ve group. This advantage of tonal language experience over the learning of tonal patterns suggested that tonal language experience can be transferable to the learning of a new tonal language in implicit settings. This suggested that, rather than being hindered by their prior linguistic experience, learners with some tonal language background may benefit from implicit settings when learning a new tonal language. / published_or_final_version / English / Master / Master of Philosophy

A study of intonation problems in the clarinet.

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It is widely known that intonation in live professional trombone auditions is one of the most critical factors for which execution is paramount. However, the musician who practices dutifully and precisely with a chromatic tuner, even to the point of technical mastery, will not be prepared sufficiently. He or she will find that in certain environments where heavy reverberation is present, the harmonies inadvertently created are not in tune, even when equal-tempered tuning is executed perfectly, due to the harmonic interactions that those reverberations create. Therefore, it is important that trombonists know how to play auditions excerpts with just intonation, a system that accounts for harmony to deliver results that are truly in tune, for use in the solo round of an audition in such an acoustically "wet" space. This document demonstrates the need for a solution in this regard, the factors involved in a practical application of these concepts in varying scenarios, and presents analyses in just intonation of ten of the most commonly requested excerpts. In addition, guidance and resources are provided for application beyond the excerpts that have been included. It is intended that the trombonist who reads this document will have a better understanding of the basics of just intonation as they apply to solo auditions, so that the quality of his or her audition is improved by leaving at least one less element, intonation, up to chance.

Temos aktualumas ir naujumas: Muzikos pažinimas neatsiejamas nuo muzikinio rašto pažinimo, nereikia net abejoti, kad muzikinio rašto mokėjimas tik padeda atlikti sudėtingesnes dainas ar kitus muzikos kūrinius, groti ar net kurti muziką patiems. Pažįstant muzikos raštą galima konkrečiai ,,apčiuopti’’ muziką, vizualiai pamatyti dainuojamą dainą ar net klausomą kūrinį (Z. Rinkevičius ,,Mokinių muzikinis ugdymas ’’ 1993, 116p) Tai labai svarbu žmogaus išsilavinimui, muzikinės kultūros požiūriu, nes muzikos meno nusimanymas teorijos klausimais praplečia muzikos pažinimo galimybes. Gyvename visuotinio literatūrinio raštingumo epochoje, priartėjome prie kompiuterinio raštingumo, o štai būtinyb�� pažinti natų raštą daug kam atrodo diskutuotina. Norint mokyklose pakelti dainavimo lygį, manyčiau, kad būtina spręsti šią aktualią muzikos rašto mokymo problemą, nes muzikos rašto pagalba daug greičiau ir sąmoningiau įsisavinami dainuojami kūriniai, lavinami muzikiniai gabumai. Problema: Bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje nuo I iki VIII klasės mokiniai supažindinami tik su minimaliais muzikos rašto pagrindais . Vyresniųjų klasių vadovėliuose muzikos raštui neskiriamas dėmesys, nors mokydamiesi muzikos rašto, mokiniai išmoksta analizuoti ritmus ir melodijas, gali savarankiškai groti ar dainuoti ir tuo kelti savo muzikinę kultūrą. Tyrimo tikslas: Atskleisti muzikos rašto mokymo mūsų mokyklose ypatybes. Pagrįsti, kad muzikos pažinimas neatsiejamas nuo muzikinio rašto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality and novelty of the theme : Music knowledge is associated with musical script knowledge. There is no doubt that profficiency in musical script helps not only to perform more complicated songs or other musical piece, but as well to play the instrument or even to creat the music themselves. If your know writing you are able to “feel” music, to see a singing song visually or even a listening piece (Z. Rinkevičius “Musical Education for Students” 1993, 116p). It is very important for man's education his outlook on musical culture, because knowing the musical recognition. We are living in a computer literate epoch but necessity to know music for most is discussing topic. If we want to improve a singing level in our schools, we have to solve this serious musical learning problem. Musical writing helps to develop musical skills and adopt the pieces quickly and perfectly. The problem: In secondary school students from I till VIII forms know only minimal skills of musical writing. There is not paying attention on musical writing in coursebooks for senior students although learning musical writing allow them to analize rhythms and melodies, they can play and sing freely and develop their musical skills. The aim of the research: Is to present some particularities of teaching musical writing in our schools, to explain that music is clasely related to musical writing. The subject of the research: Teaching musical writing. The hypothesis of the research: Musical writing has... [to full text]

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Normal Language requires the integration of formal, conceptual, and pragmatic knowledge. It appears to involve the analytic processing of the left hemisphere and the holistic processing of the right. To study hemisphere involvement in language processing, patients with unilateral right or left hemisphere lesions and a matched neurologically normal control group were tested on their ability to perceive stress and intonation contrasts in words and phrases of varying length. The results suggest that both hemispheres are involved in normal language processing, each in a qualitatively different way. Whereas the left hemisphere appears to work from the bottom up, analyzing information sequentially and arriving at the overall pattern, the right hemisphere works from the top down, beginning with the overall pattern and working to fill in the details. Moreover, the importance of each hemisphere's participation may change in response to different grammatical and contexual variables.

The basis of nice singing is correct intonation. It is important to develop intonation in Primary School since musical abilities form until the age of ten. For the purpose of improving the intonation of Primary school children it is essential to organize the process of intonation education properly, to compose an effective system of tasks for intonation training which could contribute good vocal skills. The purpose of this research is to estimate training intonation peculiarities of children. The subject of research is the intonation education of 3rd grade school children. Research hypothesis is formulated that if in educating process the exercises for improving musical hearing (intervals), practicing singing a cappela, canons and exercises are prepared properly and used, the quality of Primary school children intonation can be improved. Tasks of research are raised: 1) according to philosophic, psycological, pedagogical, literary analysis to reveal intonation conception and importance of intonation in misic development system; 2)to find out the reason of bad children`s intonation and the right specification of intonation; 3) to distinguish the peculiarities of Primary school children intonation development; 4) to form the system of exercises improving intonation training. In this research theoretical (classified system of literature), empirical (single alternative experiment, analysis of quality and quantity of received data and mathematical methods (percentage... [to full text]