Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:17:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Thalita Gagini Braga.pdf: 8852629 bytes, checksum: e6a948ca864bea46a3f48309716903c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-05 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:17:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Thalita Gagini Braga.pdf: 8852629 bytes, checksum: e6a948ca864bea46a3f48309716903c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Piperine (1- piperoyl piperidine) main black pepper (Pipper nigrum Linn.) and long pepper (Piper longum Linn.) alkaloid presents several pharmacological and biochemical effects as enzymes inhibition from hepatic metabolism interfering on xenobiotics and pro-carcinogenic substances biotransformation activated by P-450 cytochromo cycle. According to the scientific bibliography reports, piperine has been able in vitro for decreasing cytotoxicity as well as aflatoxin B1 genotoxicity on mice cells through the competition by P-450 cytochromo. Due to the importance of grains contamination by aflatoxinas, this survey had as proposal to verify piperine ability for decreasing in vivo some damages caused by these toxins. On first, at different piperine doses (1,12; 2,25 and 4,50 mg/Kg) Lou-M strain rats groups were inoculated by oral administrated to evaluated this amide toxicity on animal pattern. Parameters as: weight grain, anatomopathological and histopathological analyses beyond changes on hematological values have been researched. Piperine doses (1,12 mg/Kg) has showed to be appropriate as well as safe on biological assays and it has been used on rats experimental intoxication assays by aflatoxins. Three rats groups were inoculated with piperine (1,12 mg/Kg), aflatoxins (72 μg/ 100 g) as well as piperine + aflatoxins according to the same parameters above described. Piperine has been able for interfering in vivo on aflatoxins toxicity, conspicuously decreasing histopathological injuries on intoxicated animals and significantly returning immunosupression mediated by aflatoxins. / A piperina (1-piperoil piperidina), principal amida constituinte da pimenta preta (Piper nigrum Linn.) e da pimenta longa (P. longum Linn.), apresenta diversos efeitos farmacol?gicos e bioqu?micos, como a inibi??o de enzimas do metabolismo hep?tico, interferindo na biotransforma??o de xenobi?ticos e subst?ncias pr?-carcin?genas ativadas pela via do citocromo P450. A literatura descreve a piperina como sendo capaz, in vitro, de diminuir a citotoxidez e a genotoxidez da aflatoxina B1 em c?lulas de ratos, atrav?s da competi??o pelo citocromo P450. Devido ? import?ncia da contamina??o de gr?os por aflatoxinas, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a capacidade da piperina em diminuir, in vivo, os danos causados por essas toxinas. Inicialmente, grupos de ratos da linhagem LOUM foram inoculados, via oral, com diferentes doses de piperina (1,12; 2,25 e 4,50 mg/kg de peso corporal), visando avaliar a toxidez dessa amida no modelo animal empregado. Par?metros como: ganho de peso, an?lises anatomopatol?gica e histopatol?gica, al?m das altera??es nos valores hematol?gicos foram investigados. A dose de 1,12 mg/kg de peso corporal de piperina demonstrou ser segura nos ensaios biol?gicos e foi empregada nos ensaios de intoxica??o experimental de ratos com aflatoxinas. Tr?s grupos de ratos foram inoculados com piperina (1,12 mg/kg de peso corporal), aflatoxinas (72 μg/100g de peso corporal) e, piperina + aflatoxinas, sendo avaliados os mesmos par?metros acima descritos. A piperina foi capaz de interferir na toxidez das aflatoxinas, in vivo, diminuindo de forma acentuada as les?es histopatol?gicas evidenciadas nos animais intoxicados e, revertendo de forma significativa a imunossupress?o mediada pelas aflatoxinas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-24T19:09:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luciane Orbem Veronezi.pdf: 3213369 bytes, checksum: 660b54c56b80e667f1e30d110c395df3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T19:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luciane Orbem Veronezi.pdf: 3213369 bytes, checksum: 660b54c56b80e667f1e30d110c395df3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / CAPES / In this study the epidemiology, clinical signs, macroscopic and microscopic lesions related to spontaneous and experimental intoxication by Vicia villosa and the evaluation of the possible toxicity of Vicia villosa in cattle were characterized. The systematic granulomatous disease (SGD associated with vetch) was verified in 7 localities distributed in Paran?, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, with main feed that includes oats and/or ryegrass in association and V. villosa and/or ryegrass associated with Vicia sativa, and in lower quantity. All cattle that developed the disease were cows, lactating and Dutch. The SGD associated with vetch was reproduced in six lactating Dutch cows, by supplying green V. villosa in the trough and V. villosa and ryegrass pasture. In the other experimental groups (group 3, V. villosa / V. sativa/cows, grazing; group 4, V. sativa/cows, grazing; group 5, V. villosa/V. sativa/heifers and group 6, V. villosa/heifers, grazing) do not verified clinical and pathological alterations related to the SGD associated with vetch. Six cows developed the SGD, one cow presented a leigh clinical condition (group 2/cow 6/V. villosa, pasture), four cows developed a moderated clinical condition (group 1, cows 1 and 2/V. villosa/trough and group 2, cows 4 and 5/V. villosa, grazing), and just one cow presented a severe clinical condition (group 2, cow 3/V. villosa/pasture. V. villosa was toxic to cattle and produced a chronic granulomatous disease when ingested in amounts greater than 38.2 g/kg/day for 71 days, or in direct grazing for a period of more than 28 days The main clinical signs consisted of alopecia and cutaneous crusts, pruritus, fever, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, reduction of milk production and weight loss. Macroscopically, multiple white-grayish nodules were observed, specifically in the lymph nodes, kidneys and heart, and histology revealed a granulomatous infiltrate composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, giant cells, epithelioid cells, plasma cells and eosinophils. When ingested by young cattle, the V. villosa pasture, for a period of 68 days, do not produce clinical modifications. When ingested by cows with high milk yield, the V. sativa pasture, for a period of 78 days, does not produce chronic granulomatous disease. Ingestion of V. villosa for a long time led to low production rates, such as low milk production, low reproduction rates and predisposition to infection diseases. In the bromatological analysis, the presence of phytate, in low levels, in the samples of Vicia used in experimental works, in different phases of the culture was determined. The biochemical blood and feces results showing lower amounts of serum sinc and loss of Ca and Zn feces in animals poisoned by V. villosa, that developed granulomatous disease in severe and moderate conditions, possibly indicated the presence of a metabolic disorder in the pathogen of the disease. / No presente estudo caracterizou-se a epidemiologia, os sinais cl?nicos, as les?es macrosc?picas e microsc?picas da intoxica??o espont?nea e experimental por Vicia villosa, bem como a avalia??o da poss?vel toxicidade de Vicia sativa em bovinos. A doen?a granulomatosa sist?mica (DGS ervilhaca-associada) foi verificada em 7 propriedades distribu?das nos Estados de Santa Catarina, Paran? e Rio Grande do Sul, onde a alimenta??o principal era aveia e/ou azev?m consorciados com V. villosa e/ou de azev?m consorciado com V. villosa e em menor quantidade V. sativa. Todos os bovinos que desenvolveram a doen?a eram vacas, em lacta??o e da ra?a Holand?s. A DGS ervilhaca-associada foi reproduzida em seis vacas holandesas em lacta??o, atrav?s do fornecimento de V. villosa verde no cocho e em pastagens de V. villosa e azev?m. Nos demais grupos experimentais (grupo 3, V. villosa/V. sativa/vacas, pastejo; grupo 4, V. sativa/vacas, pastejo; grupo 5, V. villosa/V. sativa/novilhas e grupo 6, V. villosa/novilhas, pastejo) n?o verificou-se altera??es cl?nicas e patol?gicas relacionadas a DGS ervilhaca-associada. Das seis vacas que desenvolveram a doen?a granulomatosa sist?mica, uma vaca apresentou quadro cl?nico leve (grupo 2/vaca 6/V.villosa, pastejo), quatro vacas desenvolveram o quadro moderado da doen?a (grupo 1, vacas 1 e 2/V. villosa/cocho e grupo 2, vacas 4 e 5/V.villosa/pastejo) e apenas em uma vaca verificou-se o quadro grave da doen?a (grupo 2, vaca 3/V.villosa/pastejo). V. villosa foi t?xica para bovinos, produzindo doen?a granulomatosa cr?nica quando ingerida em quantidades superiores a 38,2g/kg/dia, por um per?odo de 71 ou, em pastoreio direto por um per?odo superior a 28 dias. As principais manifesta??es cl?nicas consistiam em ?reas de alopecia e crostas na pele, coceira, febre, conjuntivite, diarreia, queda na produ??o de leite e perda de peso. Macroscopicamente verificaram-se m?ltiplos n?dulos branco-acinzentados principalmente em linfonodos, rins e cora??o, e na histologia estes caracterizavam um infiltrado granulomatoso composto por macr?fagos, linf?citos, c?lulas gigantes, c?lulas epitelioides, plasm?citos e eosin?filos. As pastagens de V. villosa quando ingerida por bovinos jovens, por um per?odo 68 dias n?o produziu altera??es cl?nicas. As pastagens de V. sativa quando ingerida por vacas de alta produ??o leiteira por um per?odo de 76 dias n?o produziu doen?a granulomatosa cr?nica. A ingest?o de V. villosa por per?odos prolongados conduziu a baixos ?ndices produtivos como: baixa produ??o leiteira, baixos ?ndices reprodutivos e pode predispor o surgimento de doen?as infeciosas. Na an?lise bromatol?gica determinou-se a presen?a de fitato, em pequenas quantidades, nas amostras de Vicia utilizadas na experimenta??o, em diferentes fases do seu crescimento. Os resultados das an?lises bioqu?micas de amostras de sangue e fezes evidenciaram baixas quantidades s?ricas de zinco e excessivas perdas fecais de Ca e Zn nos animais intoxicados por V. villosa que desenvolveram a doen?a granulomatosa na forma moderada e grave, indicando um poss?vel envolvimento de dist?rbios de ordem metab?lica na patogenia da doen?a.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Jose Martini Santos1.pdf: 1883262 bytes, checksum: 395f219cf3935956cd50161c96cd1a19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-10 / The administration of the aerial parts of Pteridium arachnoideum during 15 to 57 days in proportions that varied from 50 to 75% of the supplied grass (Pennicetum purpureum) mixed with hay of bracken fern, caused in 3 of the 4 experimental horses, a clinical and pathological picture that can be attributed to the thiaminases, one of the poisonous principles of the plant. The clinical picture consisted, in a progressive way, apathy, lethargy, sleepiness, hyporrexia with evolution to anorexia, reluctance in moving, increase of heart frequency, arrhythmia and sternal decubitus passing to lateral decubitus. The decubitus lasted at the most 48 hours. In this phase, the clinical signs previously observed got more intense; additionaly the animals refused water, made attempts of getting up without success, made intense intermittent peddling movements, followed by dyspnoea, had muscular tremors, tonic muscle spasms of limbs, opistotonus, intense sweating and finally death. The electrocardiographic analysis showed hydropericardium and myocardial failure in the last 48 hours before death. Post-mortem and histopathological examinations did not show significant lesions, unless congestion in various organs, indicating congestive heart failure. Clinical pathology revealed, in relation to the blood count, in one of the three horses, anemia in the final part of the experiment, and trombocitopenia in only two. No changes were seen in the leucograma. Parallel to a fall of serous thiamine, an increase the pyruvic acid was seen in the three animals. One of the experimental horses developed a taste for the fern, and the other two only consumed the P. arachnoideum-grass mixture with addition of sugar. / A administra??o das partes a?reas de Pteridium arachnoideum durante per?odos de 15 a 57 dias na propor??o que variou de 50 a 75% da mistura com capim (Pennicetum purpureum) fornecida, causou em 3 dos 4 equinos do experimento um quadro cl?nico-patol?gico que pode ser atribu?do a tiaminase, um dos princ?pios t?xicos da planta. No quadro cl?nico foram verificados de forma progressiva apatia, letargia, sonol?ncia, hiporrexia com evolu??o para anorexia, relut?ncia em se movimentar, aumento da frequ?ncia card?aca, arritmia e finalmente dec?bito esternal passando para o lateral. O dec?bito era de no m?ximo 48 horas. Nesta fase os sinais cl?nicos anteriormente observados se intensificaram, os animais, recusavam ?gua, faziam tentativas de se levantar sem sucesso, movimentos de pedalagem intensos intermitentes, seguidos de dispn?ia, tremores musculares, espasmos musculares t?nicos dos membros, opist?tono, sudorese intensa e finalmente morte. As an?lises eletrocardiogr?ficas indicaram hidroperic?rdio e insufici?ncia mioc?rdica nas ultimas 48 horas antes da morte. Os achados de necropsia e os exames histopatol?gicos n?o revelaram altera??es significativas, a n?o ser congest?o em diversos ?rg?os e efus?es cavit?rias de colora??o amarelo ocre, o que est? relacionado com insufici?ncia card?aca congestiva. A patologia cl?nica revelou, em rela??o ao hemograma, em um dos tr?s animais, anemia na parte final do experimento, e em dois equinos trombocitopenia. O leucograma n?o apresentou altera??es. Paralelamente a queda da tiamina s?rica, foi verificado um aumento do ?cido pir?vico nos tr?s animais. Um dos animais experimentais desenvolveu um gosto pela samambaia, os outros dois consumiram a mistura de capim com feno de samambaia mediante o acr?scimo de a??car.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Michel Jose Sales Abdalla Helayel.pdf: 2764990 bytes, checksum: 2ef0f5307007bc87483b82ee19e1b257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-17 / Natural poisoning by Pseudocalymma elegans is described in a cow in the county of Rio Bonito, RJ. Also decribed is the experimental reproduction of this poisoning in three calves (1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 g/kg of the fresh plant) and in five rabbits (0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 and 0.0312 g/kg of the dried and ground plant) with the plant collected in the area where the deaths had occurred. Post-mortem and histopathological examinations of the natural case in the cow did not reveal significant alterations. Oral administration of 1g/kg of the sprouts of P. elegans caused death of the calf 5hours and 30 minutes after beginning of the administration of the plant. The dose of 0.5 g/kg caused death of the animal after 76 hours and 36 minutes. The 0.25g/kg dose caused only clinical signs which consisted of heart palpitation and arrhythmia, increase of breathing frequency, reluctance in moving, positive vein pulse, ingurgitated jugular veins, mooing, falling down, peddling movements followed by death. At post-mortem examination the lesions were those of acute heart insufficiency, and histopatologic examination revealed the typical kidney lesion (hydropic degeneration in the distal convoluted tubules) seen in the poisoning by plants that cause "sudden death". In the experimentally poisoned rabbits the clinical course was from less than one to two minutes. The histopatological examination of the kidney of two rabbits also revealed that characteristic microscopic kidney lesion. This is the first description of a natural case of P. elegans poisoning in cattle with post-mortem and histopatological description. The occurrence of the plant in the county of Rio Bonito had not been known by the veterinarians. It is conluded that the plant has a higher toxicity as described before. / Descreve-se a intoxica??o natural por Pseudocalymma elegans em pelo menos um bovino em Rio Bonito, RJ e a reprodu??o experimental dessa intoxica??o em tr?s bovinos (1, 0,5 e 0,25 g/kg da planta fresca) e em 5 coelhos (0,5 - 0,25 - 0,125- 0,0625 e 0,0312 g/kg da planta dessecada e mo?da) com exemplares dessa planta colhida no local onde ocorreu o ?bito. A necropsia e a histopatologia do bovino intoxicado naturalmente, n?o revelaram altera??es significativas. A administra??o, por via oral, de 1g/kg da brota??o da planta causou o ?bito do bovino dentro de 5h e 30 minutos ap?s o in?cio da administra??o da planta, j? pela administra??o de 0,5 g/kg, o ?bito do animal ocorreu ap?s 76 horas e 36 minutos. A dose de 0,25g/kg foi capaz de causar sintomas, mas n?o levou ao ?bito. Os sintomas apresentados foram arritmia card?aca, taquicardia, aumento da freq??ncia respirat?ria, relut?ncia em se mover, pulso venoso positivo, jugulares e grandes vasos ingurgitados, mugidos, queda ao solo, movimentos de pedalagem seguido de ?bito. ? necropsia foram verificadas altera??es compat?veis com ?s observadas na insufici?ncia card?aca aguda, e o exame histopatol?gico revelou a les?o renal t?pica (degenera??o hidr?pica em t?bulos contornados distais) de intoxica??o por plantas que causam morte s?bita . Nos coelhos intoxicados experimentalmente a evolu??o variou entre menos de um minuto a dois minutos. O exame histopatol?gico do rim de dois coelhos tamb?m revelou a les?o microsc?pica caracter?stica. Trata-se do primeiro registro, com necropsia e histopatologia, de intoxica??o natural por P. elegans em bovinos. Essa planta ainda n?o havia sido mapeada nessa ?rea do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Conclui-se que a planta pode ser mais t?xica do que anteriormente descrito.