Objetivos: Verificar a frequência de Chlamydia trachomatis e a sua associação com a expressão de p16/Ki-67 em mulheres com lesões intraepiteliais cervicais. Analisar a associação entre a positividade para Chlamydia trachomatis e variáveis demográficas selecionadas, antecedentes sexuais e obstétricos, resultados anormais citológicos e anatomopatológicos. Também verificar a associação entre a expressão da dupla coloração para p16/Ki-67 com os resultados citológicos e anatomopatológicos. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal em 1481 mulheres de 18 a 64 anos, participantes de projeto de rastreamento para câncer cervical realizado em São Paulo. As citologias foram coletadas em meio líquido e no líquido residual foi pesquisada a presença do DNA da Chlamydia trachomatis. Nos resultados de citologia anormal foi feita a pesquisa da expressão das proteínas p16/Ki-67. A análise estatística foi realizada usando-se os testes qui-quadrado e da razão de verossimilhanças. Foram estimados os valores de odds ratios (OR) com os respectivos intervalos com 95% de confiança. Resultados: A frequência de detecção da Chlamydia trachomatis foi 15,6%. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de Chlamydia trachomatis e a expressão de p16/Ki-67 [OR=1,35 (0,5-3,4)]. A idade e o número de parceiros sexuais apresentou associação significativa com a presença de Chlamydia trachomatis [OR= 2,01 (1,1-3,6) e 4,14 (1,7-10,3)]. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre citologia alterada e a positividade para Chlamydia trachomatis [1,21 (0,46-3,2)]. Não foi observada associação significativa entre os resultados anatomopatológicos e a presença de Chlamydia trachomatis (p = 0,112). A expressão do p16/Ki-67 mostrou associação estatisticamente significativa com lesões intraepiteliais cervicais de alto grau tanto nos resultados citológicos quanto anatomopatológicos. Conclusões: A frequência de infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis na amostra estudada foi de 15,6%. A associação da Chlamydia trachomatis com a dupla coloração para p16/Ki-67 nas citologias anormais não foi significativa, não sendo possível estabelecer uma associação clara entre a presença de Chlamydia trachomatis e a persistência da infecção por HPV oncogênico detectada por este marcador. Dentre as variáveis demográficas pesquisadas, a faixa etária apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com a presença do DNA da Chlamydia trachomatis; mulheres com idade entre 35 e 45 apresentaram a maior frequência da infecção; entretanto, mesmo as outras faixas etárias mostraram uma alta frequência da presença desse patógeno; foi observada maior frequência da infecção entre as mulheres com mais de 10 parceiros sexuais, quando comparadas com as com menor número de parceiros durante a vida e essa associação foi estatisticamente significativa; não foi demonstrada associação significativa entre os resultados anormais da citologia com a positividade para a presença do DNA da Chlamydia trachomatis. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre os resultados anatomopatológicos dirigidas pela colposcopia com a positividade da infecção pela bactéria. A positividade da dupla coloração para p16/Ki-67 foi significativamente maior nas lesões intraepiteliais cervicais de alto grau. Foi demonstrada associação estatisticamente significativa entre a expressão do p16/Ki-67 com os resultados anatomopatológicos das biopsias dirigidas pela colposcopia / Objective: To verify the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis and its association with the expression of p16/Ki-67 on women with cervical intraepithelial lesions. To analyze the association between Chlamydia trachomatis presence and the selected demographic variables such as sexual and obstetric history, abnormal cytology and histopathology, as well as analyzing any association between the expression of dual staining for p16/Ki-67 with cytological and histopathological results. Methods: Cross-sectional study on 1481 women with ages between 18 and 64 years, who were enrolled in a screening project for cervical cancer held in São Paulo. The cytology was collected in liquid based medium and the residual liquid was submitted for examination to find the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA. The expression of protein p16/Ki-67 was performed in the abnormal cytology results. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and likelihood ratio. The values of the odds ratios (OR) with respective intervals of 95% confidence were estimated. Results: The frequency of detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was 15.6%. There was no statistical significant association between the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and the expression of p16/Ki-67 [OR = 1.35 (0.5 to 3.4)]. Both the age and number of sexual partners presented a significant association in presence of Chlamydia trachomatis [OR = 2.01 (1.1 to 3.6) and 4.14 (1.7 to 10.3)]. There was no significant association between abnormal cytology and positivity for Chlamydia trachomatis [1.21 (0.46 to 3.2)]. No significant association was found between histopathological results and presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (p= 0.112). The expression of p16/Ki-67 showed a significant statistical association with high grade intraepithelial lesions in both cytological and histopathological results. Conclusions: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on the sample studied was 15.6%. The association of Chlamydia trachomatis with dual staining for p16/Ki-67 in abnormal cytology was not significant, therefore, it is not possible to establish a clear association between the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and the persistence of oncogenic HPV infection detected by this marker. Among the demographic variables, the age range showed statistically significant association with the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis; women aged between 35 - 45 years showed the highest rate of infection, nevertheless the other age ranges showed a high frequency of the presence of this pathogen; It has been observed a higher number of infected women who had more than 10 sexual partners compared to woman who had less partners throughout life and this association was statistically significant; No significant association was found between abnormal cytology with positivity for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA; There was no significant association between pathological results directed by colposcopy with the positivity of Chlamydia trachomatis; The positivity of the double staining for p16/Ki-67 was significantly higher in the cervical high-grade intraepithelial lesions; Statistical significant association was demonstrated between the expression of p16/Ki-67 with histopathological results of biopsy directed by colposcopy

Objectif : Les traitements répétés des lésions précancéreuses du col utérin (HSIL), nécessaires en cas d’échecs de traitement, sont associés à des issues obstétriques négatives, telle qu’une augmentation de la mortalité néonatale. Nous avons investigué l’association entre un grand nombre de facteurs de risque potentiels pour l’échec de traitement des HSIL dans le but d’identifier des prédicteurs potentiellement modifiables de l’échec de traitement. Méthodes : La population source était constituée de 1 548 femmes canadiennes qui ont subi un premier traitement pour HSIL. L’échec de traitement a été défini comme étant un diagnostic histologique de HSIL ou cancer au cours des deux années suivant le traitement. Nous avons mené une étude cas-témoins nichée incluant les 101 cas d’échec de traitement ainsi que les témoins appariés 1 :1 par centre de traitement et par date d’échec. Nous avons calculé des rapports de cotes (OR) et intervalles de confiance (CI) à 95% à l’aide de régressions logistiques conditionnelles, pour les associations entre l’échec de traitement et l’âge, le nombre d’accouchements, le statut tabagique, le nombre de partenaires sexuels, l’utilisation du condom, la méthode de contraception, les marges, le nombre de passages, le diagnostic sur le spécimen de traitement, le génotype du VPH, et le nombre de types. Nous avons aussi estimé l’association entre la charge virale et les variants du VPH16 et du VPH18 et l’échec de traitement. Résultats : Les marges positives vs négatives (OR ajusté=4.05, 95% CI 1.57-10.48), la positivité pour le VPH16/18 vs autres types (OR ajusté=2.69, 95% CI 1.32-5.49), et avoir un variant similaire au prototype du VPH16 vs le prototype (OR ajusté=2.49, 95% CI 1.07-5.83) étaient des prédicteurs de l’échec de traitement des HSIL. Être plus âgé, avoir des lésions plus sévères, avoir une infection monotype, et avoir une variation à la position 7521 chez celles avec le VPH16 pourraient augmenter le risque d’échec de traitement, mais les associations n’étaient pas statistiquement significatives. Les estimations pour les autres facteurs étaient proches de la valeur nulle. Nous n’avons pas observé de modification d’effet du génotype sur le risque de l’échec de traitement par le tabagisme, ni par les marges. Conclusion : Seules les marges positives, la positivité pour le VPH16/18 et avoir un variant similaire au prototype étaient des prédicteurs d’un échec de traitement au cours des deux années suivant le traitement. Malgré l’aspect non-modifiable des prédicteurs identifiés, ils sont informatifs et pourront éclairer la prise en charge et le suivi clinique. / Objective: Repeated treatments for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), which are necessary in the case of treatment failure, are associated with negative obstetric outcomes, such as an increased risk of neonatal death. We investigated the association between a large number of potential risk factors and HSIL treatment failure in an effort to identify potentially modifiable predictors of treatment failure. Methods: The source population included 1,548 Canadian women who received a first treatment for HSIL. Treatment failure was defined as the histological diagnosis of HSIL or cancer within the two years following treatment. We conducted a nested case-control study that included all 101 cases of treatment failure and controls that were matched 1:1 on treatment center and date of failure. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between treatment failure and age, parity, smoking status, number of sexual partners, condom use, method of contraception, margins, number of passes, diagnosis on the treatment specimen, HPV genotype and number of types. We also estimated the association between HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads and variants and HSIL treatment failure. Results: Having positive vs. negative margins (adjusted OR=4.05, 95% CI 1.57-10.48), being positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18 vs. any other type (adjusted OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.32-5.49), and having a prototype-like variant of HPV16 vs. the prototype (adjusted OR=2.49, 95% CI 1.07-5.83) were predictors of HSIL treatment failure. Older age, more severe lesions, single-type infections and a variation at the 7521 position of the HPV16 genetic sequence may lead to a higher risk of treatment failure but were not statistically significant. Estimates for all other factors were near the null value. The effect of genotype on the risk of treatment failure was not modified by smoking status, nor by margin status. Conclusion: Only positive margins, HPV16/18 positivity, and having a prototype-like variant of HPV16 were predictors for HSIL treatment failure within two years of treatment. Despite being non-modifiable, the identified predictors are clinically significant in regards to management and follow-up of patients.