Child sexual abuse is a major problem in Africa. There are a large number of child sexual abuse cases which are opened on a monthly basis. Child sexual abuse is a very sensitive issue and therefore trained professionals are needed in order to deal with the issue. Proper investigations need to be conducted. Due to the sensitive nature of child sexual abuse cases, finalising such cases successfully becomes a major problem. Numerous departments play a role in the investigation of these cases such as the National Prosecuting Authority, the South African Police Service, the Department of Social Development, the Department of Health, non–governmental organisations (NGOs), etcetera. The community does not have an understanding of how these cases are dealt with and, as a result, they blame the police for not doing their work properly and being useless. The role players also blame one another for the unsuccessful prosecution of perpetrators in cases of child sexual abuse. For example, prosecutors may blame the police for poor investigations and the police may, in turn, blame prosecutors for releasing suspects from custody unreasonably and removing cases off the roll for no apparent reasons. Social workers may also be blamed for not doing their work properly and taking too long to submit the assessment reports. Doctors may also be blamed for failing to attend court hearings and for filing incomplete reports. Although the role players have their inadequacies in investigating these cases, the truth is that each of them has their own unique protocol for handling cases of child sexual abuse. Therefore, a need emerged to explore the circumstances that affect the finalisation of child sexual abuse. In response to this, a qualitative study based in Tembisa was conducted. The aim of the study was to identify the circumstances that contribute to the finalisation of child sexual abuse cases in Tembisa. From the survey it was clear that there are several contributing factors, such as the delay of DNA results, inadequate training of the role players, and service points that are understaffed. The researcher came to the conclusion that the successful prosecution of child sexual abuse cases lies with all the role players in the investigation of child sexual abuse. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Applying the Industrial Engineering systems approach, this dissertation utilised the theories and propositions of previous studies to argue (model) the cause of financial herd behaviour and the subsequent momentum effect. From this, a hypothesis was postulated to test: whether momentum is a common attribute amongst top performing shares, whether technical analysis indicators can better identify the phenomenon, and whether the return from these shares would justify momentum as a viable investment strategy. A unique experiment derived from previous academic studies was adapted to explore the degree of the momentum phenomenon. This was done by ranking shares according to both technical analysis as well as pure price performance momentum criteria. Returns were translated as a rank in relation to the market as a whole, thereby minimising any effects that different market periods could have on a momentum return relationship. The degree of the relationship was evaluated by applying the alternative Spearman Rank Order Correlation Co-efficient in conjunction with a permutation test to determine the statistical significance of any trends. The viability of the phenomenon as an investment strategy was gauged by comparing annualised average returns against both the market capitalisation weighted JSE All Share Index as well as against an un-weighted representation of the market. The results revealed a seemingly unambiguous co-dependence between momentum and return with statistically significant trends being ever present. Applying the maximum taxes and trading costs revealed that the highest ranked momentum shares did indeed outperform both market benchmarks from the period of January 1990 to August 2009, suggesting the validity of the philosophy as an investment strategy. The outcome of the study in part rejected the null hypothesis, as technical indicators were unable to identify future top performing shares better, with price performance momentum measures delivering the superior returns. Future studies may include optimising the various technical indicators towards the JSE rather than using generic settings. Other interesting topics could include combining momentum with other investment strategies to investigate synergy and further pinpointing the source of the phenomenon. Over the past number of years, tighter controls and monitoring of investments has resulted in the documentation of the individual number of shareholders who are buying and selling shares. Utilising this data over the next number of years, an experiment could attempt to relate the number of individual investors trading in a particular share to herd behaviour and the subsequent momentum effect. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhandeling, binne die bedryfsingenieursstelsels benadering, gebruik teorieë en voorstelle van vorige studies om die gevolge van finansiële gedrag en die gevolglike momentum effek te bespreek. Uit die analise is ‘n voorstel saamgestel om die volgende te toets:Is momentum ‘n algemene verskynsel by aandele wat goed presteer, en kan tegniese analitiese indikatore die verskynsel beter verklaar, en dui die opbrengs van die aandele daarop dat momentum ‘n bruikbare beleggingsstrategie is. ‘n Unieke eksperiment uit vorige studies is aangepas om die aard van die momentum verskynsel te ondersoek. Dit was gedoen deur aandele volgens beide tegniese analise asook suiwer prestasie momentum kriteria te klassifiseer. Opbrengste is met die hele mark in konteks geplaas om sodoende enige impak van verskillende mark tye op die momentum opbrengs verhouding te elimineer. Die verband is opgestel deur die alternatiewe “Spearman Rank Order Correlation koëffisiënt” saam met permutasie toetse te gebruik om die statistiese belangrikheid van enige neigings uit te wys. Die geldigheid van die verskynsel as ‘n beleggingsstrategie is gemeet deur jaarlikse gemiddelde opbrengste teen beide die markkapitalisasie geweeg teen die JSE Alle Aandele Indeks sowel as ‘n ongeweegde verteenwoordiging van die mark te bepaal. Die resultate dui op ‘n interafhanklikheid tussen momentum en opbrengste met statistiese neigings altyd teenwoordig. Deur die maksimum belasting en verhandelingskoste toe te pas wys dit dat die hoogste momentum uitgewyste aandele die markriglyne uitpresteer het van Januarie 1990 tot Augustus 2009 wat die geldigheid van die benadering as ‘n beleggingsstrategie bevestig. Die studie verwerp die nul hipotese gedeeltelik in die sin dat dit nie toekomstige top presterende aandele kan uitwys nie, maar aan die ander kant gee prysprestasie momentum meting wel buitegewone opbrengs. Toekomstige studies mag die optimisering van verskeie tegniese indikatore van die JSE insluit, ‘n kombinasie van momentum met ander beleggingsstrategieë gebruik, en verder die bron van die verskynsel vas pen. Oor die afgelope aantal jare het beter beheer en die monitoring van beleggings die dokumentasie van individuele aandeelhouers moontlik gemaak. Hieride data sou kon gebruik word as ‘n toets om die korrelasie tussendie aantal aandeelhouers wat ‘n spesifieke aandeel verhandel en tropgedrag te bepaal en om dit te gebruik om die momentum effek beter te verklaar.

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a response to the judgment of the Constitutional Court in South African Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath, in which certain provisions of the Special Investigating Units and Special Tribunals Act were subjected to constitutional review. The outcome of the case was the striking down of certain provisions of the Act as unconstitutional, and the removal of Judge Willem Heath from his position as head of the Unit. The provisions were said to infringe upon the principle of separation of powers, an implicit term of the Constitution of South Africa. This principle affects the extent of the judicial power because of its influence on determining the acceptability of extra-judicial functions. The doctrine of separation of powers is therefore considered in its historical and theoretical context, with particular reference to the way in which it tends to limit or define the role of judges. Following this analysis, the status of institutions supporting constitutional democracy is examined, and the legislation governing Special Investigating Units is compared with that which regulates the office of the Public Protector. As a result, some alternative legislative means of achieving the ends of the Units, namely the combating of state corruption and maladministration, are suggested. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis volg op die uitspraak van die Grondwetlike Hof in South African Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath, waarin sekere bepalings van die Wet op Spesiale Ondersoekeenhede en Spesiale Tribunale aan grondwetlike hersiening onderwerp is. Die uitkoms van die saak was dat sekere ongrondwetlike bepalings van die Wet ongeldig verklaar is, en dat Regter Willem Heath van sy posisie as hoof van die Eenheid onthef is. Dit is bevind dat die bepalings die beginsel van skeiding van magte, 'n implisiete term van die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet, geskend het. As gevolg van sy invloed op die bepaling van aanvaarbaarheid van buite-juridiese funksies, beïnvloed dié beginsel die omvang van die juridiese mag. Die skeiding van magte leerstuk word dus in sy historiese en teoretiese konteks oorweeg, met spesifieke verwysing na die manier waarop dit neig om die rol van regters te beperk of te omskryf. Na hierdie analise word die status ondersoek van instellings wat grondwetlike demokrasie ondersteun, en die wetgewing wat die Spesiale Ondersoekeenhede beheer, vergelyk met dié wat die Openbare Beskermer reguleer. Op grond hiervan word sekere alternatiewe wetgewende metodes voorgestelom die doeleindes van die Eenhede, naamlik die bekamping van staatskorrupsie en wanadministrasie, te bereik.

La sauvegarde des intérêts de la société implique une répression nécessaire mais aussi efficace. Cette dernière ne peut être pourvue que par une recherche efficiente de preuves relatives à la commission d’une infraction afin d’en connaître l’auteur. Tel est l’enjeu du procès pénal. Cependant, si la protection de la paix publique autorise et légitime une telle démarche, cette dernière ne peut s’opérer sans limitations aux dépens des droits de l’individu. Aussi, une conciliation doit être établie entre des intérêts apparemment contradictoires. La recherche d’un équilibre entre ces deux intérêts a eu des expressions multiples selon l’évolution législative, cette dernière ayant témoigné d’un balancement perpétuel entre ces impératifs. Il existe des situations de fait dans lesquelles il est nécessaire que les représentants de la justice réagissent. Ainsi se trouve justifié le recours à un corps de règles spécifiques grâce auquel la réponse pénale peut s’accomplir avec un minimum d’entrave. Le renforcement de la police judiciaire et la simplification procédurale, pour ne citer que ceux-là, semblent donc pleinement justifiés. Cependant, il est permis de se demander si l’accroissement du rôle des organes de la procédure ne doive pas être entouré de limites devant faire en sorte que l’objectif du législateur, et seulement cet objectif soit atteint. A l’occasion d’une réflexion globale de la place de la personne poursuivie pendant le procès pénal, cette étude conduit d’abord à s’interroger sur la portée des diverses réformes, puis sur le rôle de plus en plus accru des organes de la procédure, afin de constituer en parallèle une dynamique possible de l’accroissement des droits préexistants, voire la création de droits de la défense nouveaux. Le jeu de pouvoirs et de droits qui profile le procès, doit s’effacer sous l’influence de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme pour laisser apparaître un procès pénal contradictoire. Simplement contradictoire, mais pleinement contradictoire. / Safeguarding the interests of society implies a necessary but also effective enforcement. The latter can be provided efficiently by a search of evidence relating to the commission of an offense in order to know the author. This is the issue of criminal proceeding. However, if the protection of public peace authorizes and legitimizes this approach, the latter can not happen without limitations at the expense of individual rights. Therefore, a compromise must be made between apparently contradictory interests. Finding a balance between these two interests has had multiple expressions by legislative developments, the latter has shown a constant swing between these imperatives. There are situations in which it is necessary that justice officials respond. Thus, is justified the use of a body of specific rules by which the criminal justice response can be accomplished with minimal interference. The strengthening of the judicial police and procedural simplification, to name but a few, seem to be fully justified. However, it is reasonable to ask whether the increased role of the organs of the procedure should not be surrounded by limits to ensure that parliament’s objective, and only that objective. On the occasion of a comprehensive reflection of the place of the defendant during the criminal trial, this study leads first to question the scope of various reforms and the role of increasingly enhanced organs the procedure to be parallel dynamics can increase the pre-existing rights or create new rights of defense. The set of powers and rights which profiles the trial to give way under influence of the European Convention on Human Rights to reveal an adversarial criminal trial. Simply contradictory, but fully contradictory.

<p> <strong>SAMMANFATTNING</strong><p>Arbetets syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar lärare att använda eller inte använda laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning i förskoleklass till och med årskurs 3.</p><p>Laborativ matematik innebär i detta arbete matematiklektioner där lärare och elever tar hjälp av någon form av konkret material, både vardagsmaterial och pedagogiskt material för att förstå och lösa problem inom ämnesområdet matematik.</p><p>Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av enkäter till elva lärare i förskoleklass till årskurs 3 på tre olika skolor i en och samma kommun.</p><p>Resultatet visar att samtliga av de lärare som svarade, alltid eller nästan alltid använder laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning, men inom vilka matematiska områden detta sker är varierande.</p><p>Varför lärare i denna undersökning använder laborativt material eller inte på en lektion påverkas inte av vilken utbildning de har eller om de har någon vidareutbildning i matematik och inte heller av hur länge lärarna har undervisat, utan detta beror enligt lärarna själva på andra faktorer så som: elevens förståelse, tron på metoden, intresse/attityd hos lärare och elevers, tid/lektionens längd och gruppstorlek.</p><p>Knappt ¾ av lärarna har deltagit i någon form av vidareutbildning i matematik. Alla lärarna som svarade ansåg dock att det laborativa materialet är självklart och nödvändigt för att eleverna ska få en djupare förståelse, då materialet visuellt kan konkretisera detabstrakta i matematiken. Lärarna ansåg också att det laborativa materialet bidrar till att eleverna lär med fler sinnen och att detta i sin tur gör att kunskapen fastnar lättare, matematiken blir även roligare.</p></p><p> </p> / <p> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><p>The purpose with this survey was to examine which factors that influence teachers to use or not to use manipulatives in the mathematics education in preschool up to the third school year.</p><p>In this form of education pupils and teachers use some form of concrete materials, manipulatives like stones, seashells and pearls or special pedagogic materials to understand and solve mathematical problems.</p><p>The examination was made with questionnaires to 11 teachers in preschool to the third school year in three different schools, in the same district, in x –city, Sweden.</p><p>The result shows that all of the teachers, always or almost always, use manipulatives n their mathematics education, but it varies depending on which type of mathematics.</p><p>Whether teachers in this investigation use, or not use, manipulatives in a lesson is not influenced by education or further education, neither how long they have been teaching. According to the teachers this is instead influenced by; for the pupils understanding, belief in the method, interest/attitude by the teachers and pupils, time/length of lesson, and group size.</p><p>Almost ¾ of the teachers had some form of further education in mathematics. All of the teachers however considered the use of manipulatives obvious and necessary for the pupils to get a deeper understanding, as the materials visually can make the abstract part in mathematics more concrete. The teachers’ means that manipulatives contribute to that the pupils learn with more senses, and it causes the knowledge to remain more easy, it also makes mathematics education more fun.</p></p><p> </p>

SAMMANFATTNINGArbetets syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar lärare att använda eller inte använda laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning i förskoleklass till och med årskurs 3. Laborativ matematik innebär i detta arbete matematiklektioner där lärare och elever tar hjälp av någon form av konkret material, både vardagsmaterial och pedagogiskt material för att förstå och lösa problem inom ämnesområdet matematik. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av enkäter till elva lärare i förskoleklass till årskurs 3 på tre olika skolor i en och samma kommun. Resultatet visar att samtliga av de lärare som svarade, alltid eller nästan alltid använder laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning, men inom vilka matematiska områden detta sker är varierande. Varför lärare i denna undersökning använder laborativt material eller inte på en lektion påverkas inte av vilken utbildning de har eller om de har någon vidareutbildning i matematik och inte heller av hur länge lärarna har undervisat, utan detta beror enligt lärarna själva på andra faktorer så som: elevens förståelse, tron på metoden, intresse/attityd hos lärare och elevers, tid/lektionens längd och gruppstorlek. Knappt ¾ av lärarna har deltagit i någon form av vidareutbildning i matematik. Alla lärarna som svarade ansåg dock att det laborativa materialet är självklart och nödvändigt för att eleverna ska få en djupare förståelse, då materialet visuellt kan konkretisera detabstrakta i matematiken. Lärarna ansåg också att det laborativa materialet bidrar till att eleverna lär med fler sinnen och att detta i sin tur gör att kunskapen fastnar lättare, matematiken blir även roligare. / ABSTRACTThe purpose with this survey was to examine which factors that influence teachers to use or not to use manipulatives in the mathematics education in preschool up to the third school year. In this form of education pupils and teachers use some form of concrete materials, manipulatives like stones, seashells and pearls or special pedagogic materials to understand and solve mathematical problems. The examination was made with questionnaires to 11 teachers in preschool to the third school year in three different schools, in the same district, in x –city, Sweden. The result shows that all of the teachers, always or almost always, use manipulatives n their mathematics education, but it varies depending on which type of mathematics. Whether teachers in this investigation use, or not use, manipulatives in a lesson is not influenced by education or further education, neither how long they have been teaching. According to the teachers this is instead influenced by; for the pupils understanding, belief in the method, interest/attitude by the teachers and pupils, time/length of lesson, and group size. Almost ¾ of the teachers had some form of further education in mathematics. All of the teachers however considered the use of manipulatives obvious and necessary for the pupils to get a deeper understanding, as the materials visually can make the abstract part in mathematics more concrete. The teachers’ means that manipulatives contribute to that the pupils learn with more senses, and it causes the knowledge to remain more easy, it also makes mathematics education more fun.

The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the first, the author explains the important terms for processing the empirical part. He deals with the theory of fire and summary of the general rules. He also deals with finding out the causes of fire and the computer program "Statistical monitoring of events", all the data were taken here. The chapter provides a general overview of el. devices, classification, history and possible danger. A very important of this part is the division of el. initiators explain. the terms such as el. short circuit, impedance, el. spark, el. arc, overcurrent, car-el. and its application in vehicles. Separately the author deals with atmospheric and ESD. The first objective was to analyze the causes of fires from el. devices in the South Bohemian Region (SBR). The second objective was the proposal of arrangements to improve the situation. The author determined two hypotheses: 1. The most common cause of fires of el. devices in the SBR is the el. short circuit. 2. The most frequent fires of el. devices in the SBR are the fires of vehicles. At the end of the first part, the author outlined the methodology. For processing the empirical part , he chose a quantitative research. The research was carried out by using the one-dimensional statistical analysis of data. The author created the list of literary sources based on literature gained from research libraries, the Fire Rescue Service (FRS) of the SBR, territorial department Strakonice and el. sources available on the internet. All the data the author gained SME of the FRS of the SBR. Within empirical part, the author first carried out the overall statistics of fires from el. initiators. The results show that in the period of 2009 - 2013 there was an increase in number of fires from el. initiators from 7,14 % to 14,97 %, it means more than double compared to a total amount of all fires, which have a decreasing tendency. Then he deals with proportions among particular initiators of fire. These data indicate that the most abundant initiator is car-el. and its application in vehicles. Other significant initiators are el. short circuit and impedance. Other initiators carry a much smaller proportion of the total number of fires. Then follow damages and salvage values caused. Salvage values in each of the monitored years are far greater than the damages, about 80 %. The author continues with the amount of people killed and injured, there is a big difference. Throughout the given period there were 5 people killed in fires from el. initiators, 51 people injured. For the total fires are numbers logically higher, in years 2009 - 2013 were 363 people injured and 51 killed. Then follows a part in which the author deals with individual initiators represented by el. short circuit, impedance, el. spark, el. arc, overcurrent, car-el. and its application in vehicles, atmospheric discharge and ESD. In the empirical part, there are also included initiators, which cannot be further specified. After processing the gained statistical data it comes to the discussion, in which the author analyzes particular tables and graphs, problems, which occurred with their solution and expresses to previously established hypotheses. The first hypothesis was refuted, the second confirmed. The author proposed measures to improve the situation, as there was detected a lack of security measures. The results of the thesis will be a contribution to the FRS of the Czech Republic, especially to the Prevention Department, pedagogical purposes or the general public in the context of preventive educational activities. After implementation of any of my proposals, using the same research it is possible to determine whether the implementation of the proposal has a positive impact on the number of fires, injured and killed people or on an amount of damages in the coming years.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6300.pdf: 2557125 bytes, checksum: 27897fad8d6ceb7a21a670cef5dcd9b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-23 / The main objective of this research work, at the level of professional master's degree, is to analyse and evaluate whether the Technical Guidelines (TG), conducted by Professor of Mathematics Coordinator of Teaching (PMCT), from the Board of Education of Votorantim/SP have assisted or not in improving the performance of teachers in the classroom, their professional training as well as the consequences for the learning process of students. For this, I chose as the theme of work with teachers the "Introduction to Algebra". Studies carried out in Board of Education of Votorantim, between the years 2011 and 2013, indicated that issues related to this subject showed the lowest levels of learning in students of final years of elementary and high school. The choice of this theme, too, is justified by its importance in the possible contributions it brings to the students' learning about the transposition from the "mother tongue" to "mathematical/algebraic language" during the process of solving equations of the 1st degree. The research sought to answer the following questions: (1st) The Technical Guidelines of Mathematics, performed before the study, helped to improve the performance of teachers in the classroom, their professional backgrounds and the learning process of their students? (2nd) The amendments made during the search, the Technical Guidelines of Mathematics, on the topic "Introduction to Algebra", contributed to improving the performance of teachers in the classroom, towards their professional qualifications and learning their students? (3rd) With the modifications introduced in the Technical Guidelines of Mathematics, which the facilitating factors and difficulties to in-service training and the performance of teachers in the classroom were observed? (4th) What contributions to the planning, execution, analysis and discussion of research data brought to my training "trainer of trainers in mathematics" for Elementary School, the region of Votorantim/SP? and finally, (5th) What criticisms and recommendations can be made at the end of the research? The hypotheses that the guidelines agreed in TG, prior to the survey, were worked in the classroom and that it improved the development of specific mathematical skills of the students involved were not fully supported by research conducted. Consequently, research has brought me certain that the form of TG driving Mathematics, in DE-Votorantim, should be modified in the near future. Finally, this research has great contributions to my professional life, when it comes to math, didactic and pedagogical knowledge. In personal life I learned that I need to think/investigate the whys and how to encourage teachers under my supervision to realize that learning through discoveries are rewarding. / O objetivo central desse trabalho de pesquisa, em nível de mestrado profissionalizante, é analisar e avaliar se as Orientações Técnicas (OT) de Matemática, realizadas pelo Professor Coordenador do Núcleo Pedagógico (PCNP), da Diretoria de Ensino de Votorantim/SP, têm auxiliado ou não na melhoria da atuação dos professores em sala de aula, de suas formações profissionais, bem como as consequências para o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Para isso, escolhi como tema de trabalho junto aos professores a "Introdução à Álgebra". Estudos realizados na Diretoria de Ensino de Votorantim, entre os anos de 2011 e 2013, indicaram que questões relativas a esse assunto foram as que apresentaram menores índices de aprendizagem em alunos dos anos finais dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio. A escolha desse tema justifica-se, também, por sua importância nas possíveis contribuições que ele traz ao aprendizado dos alunos a respeito da transposição da "linguagem materna" para a "linguagem matemática/algébrica" durante o processo de resolução de equações do 1º grau. A pesquisa buscou responder as seguintes questões: (1ª) As Orientações Técnicas de Matemática, realizadas anteriormente à pesquisa, auxiliavam a melhora da atuação dos professores em sala de aula, suas formações profissionais e o processo de aprendizagem de seus alunos? (2ª) As modificações introduzidas, durante a pesquisa, nas Orientações Técnicas de Matemática, referentes ao tema "Introdução à Álgebra", contribuíam para a melhoria da atuação dos professores em sala de aula, para com as suas formações profissionais e para o aprendizado de seus alunos? (3ª) Com as modificações introduzidas nas Orientações Técnicas de Matemática, quais os aspectos facilitadores e dificultadores para a formação em serviço e a atuação dos professores em sala de aula foram observados? (4ª) Quais contribuições que o planejamento, execução, análise e discussão dos dados de pesquisa trouxeram para a minha formação de "formadora de formadores em matemática" para o Ensino Fundamental, da região de Votorantim/SP? e, finalmente, (5ª) Quais críticas e recomendações se podem fazer ao final da pesquisa? As hipóteses de que as orientações acordadas nas OT, anteriores à pesquisa, eram trabalhadas em sala de aula e que isso melhorava o desenvolvimento de habilidades matemáticas específicas dos alunos envolvidos não foram totalmente sustentadas com a investigação conduzida. Consequentemente, a pesquisa trouxe-me a certeza de que a forma de condução das OT de Matemática, na DE-Votorantim, deve ser modificada no futuro próximo. Finalmente, essa pesquisa trouxe grandes contribuições para minha vida profissional, no que se refere aos conhecimentos matemático, didático e pedagógico. Na vida pessoal aprendi que preciso refletir/investigar sobre os por quês e como incentivar os professores sob minha orientação a perceber que o aprendizado através da descobertas é gratificante.

No description available.

Floor crossing was an unknown phenomenon in Malawi until the re-emergence of multiparty politics in 1994. Since then the number of MPs crossing the floor in the Malawi National Assembly has steadily increased from around twelve in 1994 to more than sixty in 2005. This practice has continued even today. However, the biggest incident of floor crossing took place in 2005 when the State President, Dr Bingu wa Mutharika, under the United Democratic Front (UDF) decided to abandon the party that sponsored him into office to form his own, the Democratic Progressive Party in February, 2005. Following him were several opposition MPs, a move which sparked a lot of tension in the National Assembly. The purpose of this study was to investigate political factors contributing to this phenomenon, and it was established that, among other factors, institutional weaknesses of political parties and gaps in the Constitution contributed significantly to floor crossing. / Political Science / M.A. (African Politics)