<p>Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera huruvida intagna på en störrekriminalvårdsanstalt (klass A) i Mellansverige, skiljer sig i personlighetsdragen Samvetsgrannhet, Vänlighet, Extraversion, Emotionell Stabilitet och Öppenhet ijämförelse med två kontrollgrupper. Tidigare forskning har visat att kriminella personer ligger lägre i skalorna (faktorerna) som mäter Samvetsgrannhet och Vänlighet, i jämförelse med ostraffade individer (t.ex., Miller & Lynam, 2001). Den primära hypotesen var följaktligen att söka diskrepans mellan just Samvetsgrannhet och Vänlighet i enlighet med tidigare empiri. Studien genomfördes med ett självskattningsformulär som stödjer sig på en svensk översättning från Goldbergs (1992) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP)beträffande grundläggande personlighetskaraktärer. Studien utgjordes av intagna(n = 46) och två kontrollgrupper bestående av studenter (n = 32) samt vaktpersonal (n = 45) vid en klass A anstalt i Sverige. Studien visade att det fanns signifikanta skillnader i förhållande till kontrollgrupperna och gruppen interner i personlighetsdraget Vänlighet (p < 0,001). Emellertid var resultatet i faktorn Samvetsgrannhet oväntat, av den orsaken att internerna skattade signifikant högre (p < 0,001) på skalan i jämförelse med kontrollgruppenbestående av studenter. Resultaten i stort, är i linje med tidigare studier, med reservation gällande Samvetsgrannhet. Därtill kan man vara i behov av att utveckla mätinstruments (IPIP) item gällande faktorn Samvetsgrannhet, så dessa är mer anpassande efter undersökt population (interner).</p>

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera huruvida intagna på en störrekriminalvårdsanstalt (klass A) i Mellansverige, skiljer sig i personlighetsdragen Samvetsgrannhet, Vänlighet, Extraversion, Emotionell Stabilitet och Öppenhet ijämförelse med två kontrollgrupper. Tidigare forskning har visat att kriminella personer ligger lägre i skalorna (faktorerna) som mäter Samvetsgrannhet och Vänlighet, i jämförelse med ostraffade individer (t.ex., Miller &amp; Lynam, 2001). Den primära hypotesen var följaktligen att söka diskrepans mellan just Samvetsgrannhet och Vänlighet i enlighet med tidigare empiri. Studien genomfördes med ett självskattningsformulär som stödjer sig på en svensk översättning från Goldbergs (1992) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP)beträffande grundläggande personlighetskaraktärer. Studien utgjordes av intagna(n = 46) och två kontrollgrupper bestående av studenter (n = 32) samt vaktpersonal (n = 45) vid en klass A anstalt i Sverige. Studien visade att det fanns signifikanta skillnader i förhållande till kontrollgrupperna och gruppen interner i personlighetsdraget Vänlighet (p &lt; 0,001). Emellertid var resultatet i faktorn Samvetsgrannhet oväntat, av den orsaken att internerna skattade signifikant högre (p &lt; 0,001) på skalan i jämförelse med kontrollgruppenbestående av studenter. Resultaten i stort, är i linje med tidigare studier, med reservation gällande Samvetsgrannhet. Därtill kan man vara i behov av att utveckla mätinstruments (IPIP) item gällande faktorn Samvetsgrannhet, så dessa är mer anpassande efter undersökt population (interner).

As use of the public-domain International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) scales has grown significantly over the past decade (Goldberg, Johnson, Eber, Hogan, Ashton, Cloninger, & Gough, 2006) research on the psychometric properties of the items and scales have become increasingly important. This research study examines the IPIP scale constructed to measure the Five Factor Model (FFM) domain of Neuroticism (as measured by the NEO-PI-R) for occurrences of differential functioning at both the item and test level by gender and three age ranges using the DFIT framework (Raju, van der Linden, & Fleer, 1993) This study found six items that displayed differential item functioning by gender and three items that displayed differential item functioning by age. No differential functioning at the test level was found. Items demonstrating DIF and implications for potential scale revision are discussed. / Ph. D.

The present study used a laboratory setting to explore the criterion-related validity of non-cognitive measures as related to personnel selection. The focal study investigated psychological processes resulting from situational causes of motivation to distort item responses. In particular, I investigated whether differences in the motivation to distort item responses interacted with self-consistency in the prediction of performance on a clerical task. Findings suggested that despite range restriction and the existence of faking behavior, a positive correlation between conscientiousness and performance exists. Variation of selection ratio (SR) and monetary incentives successfully produced faking behaviors, and the existence of faking behaviors was found in selection setting. Results partially supported the proposed hypothesis that there are positive and negative effects of faking behaviors. Implications of the present study were further discussed. / Master of Science

Idag finns det endast begränsad forskning om sambanden mellan inkomstutfall och specifika personlighetsdrag, därför ville vi undersöka detta vidare. Syftet med studien var sålunda att undersöka sambanden mellan inkomstutfall och specifika personlighetsdrag inom Big Five. Uttrycket ”fasett” användes i studien och avsåg specifika personlighetsdrag som tillsammans bildade bredare benämningar på olika personlighetsdrag. Personlighetsdragen delades in i fem bredare benämningar (faktorer) och 30 specifika personlighetsdrag, varav 11 lyftes fram i denna studie. Sambanden studerades på fasettnivå, samtidigt som det kontrollerades för ålder, kön och antal år i nuvarande yrket. Studien bestod av en enkät med två delar, dels med 16 självskattade frågor kring inkomst dels med 120 självskattade påståenden kring personlighet, IPIP NEO - 120. Data bearbetades med en korrelationsanalys och en multipel regressionsanalys. I studien testades fyra hypoteser, där tre av fyra kunde få stöd av resultatet (N=131, ålder 18–61 år, 68% kvinnor och 32% män). Anxiety (ångest), assertiveness (bestämdhet) och achievement-striving (prestationsinriktad) var de tre fasetter som fann stöd i resultatet. Modesty (blygsamhet) fann inte stöd. Av alla fasetter så visade adventurousness (äventyrlig) (β = .24, p = .02) och achievement-striving (prestationsinriktad) (β = .25, p = .01) störst prediktiv (förutsägande) förmåga tillsammans med kontrollvariabeln ålder (β = .52, p &lt; .001). Resultaten från studien kan vara till hjälp genom att ge en bild av personlighetens generella prediktiva förmåga för inkomst samt vikten av samspelet mellan yrkeskvalifikationer och personlighet. Kunskap om hur personlighet samvarierar med inkomst kan bidra till utveckling inom områden som rekrytering, personalvägledning och lönesättning / Today there is limited research on the relationship between specific personality traits and income. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between income and specific personality traits within the Big Five. The term "facet" was used in the study referring to the 30 specific personality traits, 11 of which are highlighted in this study, which together form five broader factors. The correlations were studied at facet level, whilst controlling for age, sex and number of years in the current profession. The study consisted of a two-part questionnaire, partly with 16 selfassessed questions about income, partly with 120 self-assessed claims about personality (IPIP NEO-120). Data was processed using a correlation analysis and a multiple regression analysis. 4 hypotheses were tested, where 3 out of 4 could be supported by the result (N = 131, age 18-61 years, 68% women and 32% men). Anxiety, assertiveness and achievement-striving were the 3 facets that found support in the result, while Modesty did not find support. Of all facets, adventurousness (β = .24, p = .02) and achievement-striving (β = .25, p = .01) showed the greatest predictive ability along with the control variable age (β = .52 , p &lt;.001). The results from the study can be helpful by showing the predictive ability of personality on income as well as the relation between professional qualifications and personality. Knowledge about how personality correlates with income can contribute to development in areas such as recruitment, personnel development and salary settlements.

The Big-Five is the most popular personality taxonomy used to characterize fundamental personality traits and their individual differences. This model has been well replicated across English speaking samples, several other languages, and different item formats, thereby begging the question of its universality. However, two key issues have challenged the validity of the cultural group comparisons using Big Five measures of personality. The first is methodology for translation and adaptation, and the second is construct equivalence across cultures. The International Personality Item Pool (IPIP; Goldberg, 1992) has been used to create several non-commercial versions of Big Five measures (IPIP-BFMs), with a common set of 50 items typically translated into other languages and used for cross-cultural comparisons. Although this 50-item version is available in more than 25 languages, little is known about how translation and adaptation was executed, and only a few researchers have reported psychometric characteristics of scores from the translated measures. The consistent lack of such evidence to support the use of the standard American set of the 50-items in other languages gave rise to the idea of developing a customized 50-item IPIP that would better fit the Thai culture. The goal of this study was to develop and thoroughly validate scores from a Thai version of the 50-item IPIP Big Five measure of personality using a sample of 1,878 students from high schools in Thailand. One hundred items from the IPIP website were translated into the Thai language following guidelines developed by the International Test Commission (ITC, 2017). When psychometric properties for the original 50-item IPIP-BFM were investigated in Thai and American samples, weaknesses in model fit were detected. Using the more complete set of 100 items from the IPIP website, 50 items more suitable to the Thai culture were then selected to create a customized Thai 50-item IPIP. Scores from the customized 50-item IPIP-BFM were further examined for psychometric properties across Thai and American samples. The customized Thai 50-item IPIP-BFM produced good internal subscale reliability coefficients (> 0.80), a clear five-factor structure across Thai and American samples, measurement invariance across subgroups within the overall Thai sample, similar patterns of convergent and discriminant validity with another Big Five measure, and statistically significant incremental validity over standardized achievement and aptitude test scores in predicting end of high school grade-point average. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the customized 50-item IPIP-BFM produces psychometrically sound scores for measuring the Big Five with Thai adolescents. Procedures used in the study also provide a template for developing and validating new personality instruments for use with native speakers of other languages.

Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns ett samband mellan personlighetsdraget neuroticism och yttre motivation, a-motivation, låg självkänsla samt negativ affekt. Syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen för neuroticism som personlighetsdrag utifrån individernas motivationstyp, självkänsla samt individernas affektiva tillstånd. Studien undersökte även reliabiliteten hos instrumentet Mini-IPIP som har undersökt personlighetsdrag inom Big-five-teorin. Syftet testades med hjälp av fyra självskattningstester. Dessa var Mini-IPIP, Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) samt Rosenbergs Self-esteem Scale (SES). I studien deltog N=110 deltagare i åldrarna 19-53 år. I avsikt att bättre förstå neuroticism och dess relation till motivation, självkänsla samt affekt genomfördes statistiska analyser såsom korrelation och regressionsanalys. Resultatet visade, med hjälp av en korrelation, att det fanns ett samband mellan negativ affekt och neuroticism som personlighetsdrag. Regressionsanalysen bekräftade samband mellan neuroticism som personlighetsdrag och motivationstyperna a-motivation samt yttre motivation. Dock kunde inget samband mellan neuroticisms och självkänsla bekräftas.

This thesis explores the impact of volunteer tourism on the international tourist engaging in volunteer work in South Africa. A staged methodological design is adopted in this research. The first stage provides conceptual clarification of the term volunteer tourism, using grounded theory. Then a quasi-experimental study was carried out to collect data from volunteer tourists undertaking community and wildlife (including conservation) projects in South Africa. It consists of a standardised web-based personality inventory (IPIP-NEO) completed prior to, post, and one to two years following the volunteer vacation to measure personality changes in 15 core traits. A control group was used to enhance the validity of the scientific method. Thereafter, personal interviews were conducted to gain insight into the volunteering experience and any resulting changes in the volunteers’ day-to-day lives. This study’s findings point to significant changes in seven traits; some of these traits have not been previously identified by the literature and therefore broaden our understanding of the impact on the tourist. Additionally, while confirming some of the changes found in other studies, the findings of this study also point to some significant contrasts. Many of the changes identified were evident in the volunteer’s daily lives through their ‘personal circumstances’, ‘behaviour’, ‘emotions’, ‘confidence’, ‘values’, ‘knowledge or skills’ and ‘attitudes’. The experiences which the volunteers attributed to their changes were: active, involved, responsible, participatory, immersive and interactive, and whether they met volunteers’ expectations; influenced by: age, gender, project type and length of stay. The findings address a number of shortcomings in the volunteer tourism literature by providing statistical evidence of change; a better understanding of how change appears in participants’ everyday lives; and identifies some additional elements that influence change in the visitor, adding to knowledge of Engagement Theory. These findings can therefore contribute theoretically; and practically to tourism marketing, program design and volunteer satisfaction.

The primary goal of this research was to explore the antecedents and consequences of emotional dissonance for debt collectors. The antecedents were personality factors (extraversion, anger, conscientiousness and agreeableness) and pro-social factors. The consequences of emotional dissonance were job satisfaction, intention to quit and job performance. A path model was developed to explain the relations among the studys measures in a sample of 188 full-time debt collectors. The path analysis results failed to show strong relations between personality and emotional dissonance. However, strong relations were found between emotional dissonance, job satisfaction, intention to quit, and performance. Job satisfaction acted as a mediator between emotional dissonance and intention to quit as well as emotional dissonance and performance.

This study is a comparative analysis of the personality characteristics of a sample of World of Warcraft players (n = 147) and a large normative sample (n = 20,993). The 120-item International Personality Item Pool, based on the five factor model, is used. Independent t-tests were conducted and statistical significance was found for some factors; however, the effect sizes were small, indicating a limited practical difference between the two groups.