This dissertation considers how the artistic output of Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was related to his poetic development and associations with different communities in Florence and Rome. The author of more than 300 poems, Michelangelo was arguably the most prolific artist-poet of the Renaissance. Still, no study has scrutinized the dynamic relationship between his work across media in relation to contemporary shifts in Italian literary culture. Centered on the decades surrounding Michelangelo's permanent move to the Eternal City in 1534, this dissertation shows how he used his creative production to achieve stability in an era buffeted by war and political upheaval. The fortunes of Florence and Rome were inextricably bound, and this dissertation uses surviving visual and written evidence to reconstruct Michelangelo's links to dense intellectual and homosocial networks in these cities. Michelangelo wrote poems to build social ties at a time when the status of artists was in great flux, and this dissertation demonstrates why his poetry, drawing, painting, sculpture, and architecture cannot be and would not have been understood apart from one another.

No description available.

No description available.

Cette recherche se propose d’étudier la notion de « métrique » au sein de l’œuvre poétique et critique de Franco Fortini. Ce concept fera l’objet d’une analyse esthétique croisée aux domaines de l’éthique et de la politique. Le travail s’articule autour des différentes significations des concepts de métrique et de biographie, un couple de concepts utilisé par Fortini comme titre d’un poème publié dans « Officina » en 1955 et lors d’une conférence présentée à Genève en 1980. Nous avons divisé notre recherche en trois parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons examiné les concepts clés du parcours poétique et intellectuel de Fortini – à savoir l’histoire, la littérature, la forme et la figure – analysés selon leurs significations respectives dans le parcours biographique de l’auteur. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons ensuite analysé les essais sur la métrique publiés vers la fin des années cinquante, pour sonder le lien entre « liberté » et « nécessité » à la lumière de la dialectique entre individu et collectivité. Cette partie tisse aussi une comparaison entre la théorie du vers et la pratique de composition chez Pasolini, les Novissimi et Amelia Rosselli, et développe une étude anthropologique sur la relation entre le rythme et le mètre à partir de l’œuvre de Ernesto De Martino. La troisième et dernière partie, enfin, expose les limites d’une métrique conçue comme « mesure arithmétique », en approfondissant la réflexion sur la forme à la lumière de la critique du rythme d’Henri Meschonnic, comparée au travail de traduction de Fortini. L’étude de ce rapport nous a ainsi permis d’évaluer l’impact des modèles de Brecht et de Goethe sur le choix formel de l’auteur. / The research investigates the notion of “metrics” in Franco Fortini’s works, extending aesthetic inquiry to ethics and politics. The work is based on the different variations of the couple metrics and biography, used by Fortini as a title for both a poem published in 1955 and a conference paper presented at the University of Geneva in 1980: these dates set the time span of the research. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first one examines the key concepts of Fortini’s poetic and intellectual path – history, literature, form and figure – in the different meanings that they assume along his biographical trajectory. The second part analyses the essays of the late 1950s about metrics and stylistic criticism, verifying the relationship between «freedom» and «necessity» in a dialectic between the individual and the community. The second part also hosts a confrontation with the theory of verse and compositional practice of Pasolini, the Novissimi and Amelia Rosselli. The third and last part shows the limits of a metric conceived as an «arithmetic measure»: in order to delve into the theory of form, I confront Meschonnic’s critique of rhythm with Fortini’s translations. The study of these latter allows us to estimate the impact of models such as Brecht and Goethe on the formal choices of the author.

Thesis. / Includes bibliographical references.

Le travail de recherche ici présenté porte sur l’analyse de l’écriture poétique de trois femmes écrivains italiennes contemporaines : Antonella Anedda (1955), Patrizia Cavalli (1947) et Mariangela Gualtieri (1951). Nous avons décidé d’aborder ce corpus sur la base de certains acquis théoriques de la psychanalyse lacanienne. L’hypothèse de départ repose sur l’idée que le texte poétique, en raison de son statut particulier au sein du langage, nécessite d’être interrogé à partir d’une réflexion scrupuleuse à propos de la relation entre inconscient et langage. Nous avons développé une conception du texte poétique qui prend appui sur deux élaborations majeures de Jacques Lacan, à savoir l’inconscient comme espace du sujet manque-à-être et l’inconscient parlêtre. À partir de là, nous avons défini le texte comme lieu de coexistence de deux univers distincts : celui du Symbolique, qui relève du glissement incessant du sujet sur la chaîne signifiante ; celui du Réel, qui relève de la langue singulière, opaque et indéchiffrable qui habite tout être parlant. Il s’est par conséquent avéré nécessaire de questionner en profondeur les problématiques de l’énonciation et de l’interprétation. Le concept lacanien de pas-tout, étroitement lié à la question féminine, nous a guidé dans l’élaboration d’une éthique de la lecture du texte qui vise à ne pas négliger sa dimension réelle, corporelle et irréductible. Nous avons ensuite testé notre approche à travers l’analyse du corpus poétique choisi. Interroger le mode d’énonciation spécifique de chacune des trois poétesses convoquées, nous a permis de donner la parole à trois voix majeures de la poésie italienne contemporaine. Les écritures de Anedda, Cavalli et Gualtieri se sont ainsi imposées non seulement comme trois expériences tout à fait originales dans le panorama de la poésie italienne de ces dernières années, mais surtout comme trois réponses complexes et différentes par rapport à la problématique de la subjectivité contemporaine / The research presented here concerns the analysis of the poetic writing of three contemporary Italian women writers: Antonella Anedda (1955), Patrizia Cavalli (1947) and Mariangela Gualtieri (1951). We decided to approach this corpus on the basis of certain theories of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The starting hypothesis rests on the idea that poetic text, because of its particular status within language, needs to be examined on the basis of scrupulous reflection on the relation between the unconscious and language. We have developed a notion of poetic text that is based on two major approaches by Jacques Lacan, namely the unconscious as the space of the subject manque-à-être and the unconscious parlêtre. From this point on, we have defined the text as the place of coexistence of two distinct universes: that of the Symbolic, which refers to the incessant sliding of the subject on the chain of signifiers, and that of the Real, which is singular, opaque and indecipherable lalangue, which inhabits every speaking being. It has therefore proved necessary to question the issues of enunciation and interpretation in depth. The Lacanian concept of pas-tout, closely linked to the feminine question, has guided us in the formulation of an ethic of reading the text that aims not to neglect its real, corporeal and irreducible dimension. We then tested our approach through the analysis of the chosen poetic corpus. Examining the specific mode of enunciation of each of the three poets referred to has allowed us to give a voice to three major exemples of contemporary Italian poetry. The writings of Anedda, Cavalli and Gualtieri have thus established themselves not only as three completely original experiments in the panorama of Italian poetry of recent years, but above all as three complex and different answers in relation to the issues of contemporary subjectivity.

À partir des années soixante-dix les femmes poètes s'affirment avec énergie dans le panorama littéraire italien. Bien que leur présence dans les anthologies les plus reconnues soit encore assez réduite, leurs écritures poétiques se caractérisent par une puissante originalité. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier ces productions poétiques tout en s'interrogeant sur la possibilité d'identifier des éléments communs. Il ne s'agit pas de définir une spécificité féminine dans une perspective essentialiste, mais d'interpréter certaines données textuelles en se référant à un contexte historique et culturel bien défini. Le corpus de travail comprends les œuvres des femmes poètes suivantes: Amelia Rosselli (1930-1996), Alda Merini (1931), Jolanda Insana (1937), Patrizia Cavalli (1947) et Patrizia Valduga (1953). Afin de respecter les singularités de chaque écriture poétique et d’éviter des simplifications réductrices, nous avons accordé la priorité à l'analyse textuelle et organisé les chapitres selon une approche monographique plutôt que thématique. L'analyse révèle que ces femmes poètes abordent avec obstination trois nœuds problématiques: elles développent une réflexion sur la valeur de la langue poétique, ont tendance à structurer leur poésie autour d'oppositions fortes et irréductibles, et, enfin, font souvent appel à des éléments de type théâtral. Ces caractéristiques sont interprétées en considérant le rapport ambigu et contradictoire que le sujet féminin entretient avec le code poétique: il ressent un fort besoin d'inscription dans la langue poétique, mais aussi un sens d'extranéité. Cette tradition qui lui est chère ne lui appartient pas complètement car il a été exclu de son élaboration. / As from the seventies women poets assert themselves with energy in the Italian literary survey. Even if their presence in the most famous anthologies is curtailed, their poetic writings are characterized by a powerful originality. The aim of this thesis is to study their poetic production inquiring into the possibility of common elements. It’s not about defining a female specificity from an essentialist point of view, the purpose is rather to interpret some textual data with reference to a well-defined historical and cultural context. The study corpus includes works of the following Italian woman poets: Amelia Rosselli (1930-1996), Alda Merini (1931), Jolanda Insana (1937), Patrizia Cavalli (1947) and Patrizia Valduga (1953). In order to respect the particularities of every writing and to avoid hasty and restrictive simplifications, a great importance has been conferred to the textual analysis and the chapters have been arranged according to a monographic approach rather than a thematic structure. The result of the research demonstrates that contemporary Italian women poets attend insistently three knotty problems: they develop a reflection about the power of poetic language, they display a tendency to structure their verse on strong oppositions without appeasing synthesis and they often resort to dramatic elements. These characteristics can be interpreted referring to the double and conflicting position of the female subject towards poetic code: this new subject needs to inscribe himself in the poetic language, but he also feels a sense of extraneousness. The tradition he loves doesn’t belong completely to him as he was left out of its elaboration.

Esta dissertação tenciona fazer uma leitura da obra Il Canzoniere, de Umberto Saba, com base na linha tensiva descendente que se inicia na coletânea Trieste e una donna (1910-1912), e cujo ponto de menor temperatura é Cose leggere e vaganti (1920). Procuramos focar nossa leitura nas tensões e ambivalências que perpassam a produção poética do triestino nesse período. Desse modo, o trabalho está estruturado em três capítulos: no primeiro, centramos atenção em Trieste e una donna e tentamos compreender como se estabelece a relação de confluencia entre o eu-lírico e o sensível, como busca de apreensão da elementaridade das coisas e conseqüente aceitação da vida em toda sua variedade; no segundo, tratamos de La serena disperazione(1913-1915) e Poesie scritte durante la guerra (1917), mantendo o foco na dinâmica entre permanência e ruptura, e tendo como base os motivos da tentativa de recuperação de recursos usados em coletâneas anteriores; no terceiro, abordamos Cose leggere e vaganti, com vistas a tentar entender a aparente leveza que perpassa a coletânea, e mostrar como, em última instância, subjaz nela a oposição entre peso e leveza. Com o presente trabalho, procuramos evidenciar, assim, que a linha descendente de tensão estaria, em última instância, associada à tentativa de fuga da dor e do sofrimento. / This dissertation intends to read the work Il Canzoniere, by Umberto Saba, based on the tensed descendent line which begins with the collection Trieste e una donna, and which point of lower temperature is Cose leggere e vaganti. We sought to focus our reading in the tensions and the ambivalence that go across the poetic production of the Triestian in such period. So, this work is structured in three chapters: on the first one, we centered the attention in Trieste e una donna and tried to understand how the confluent relation between the lyric-self and the sensory is established, as we seek to seize the elementary things and its consequent acceptance of life in all its variety; on the second one, we approached La serena disperazione and Poesie scritte durante la guerra, keeping the focus on the dynamics between permanence and rupture, being based on the motives to attempt the recall of the resources used in previous collections; on the third one, we approached Cose leggere e vaganti, in order to attempt to understand the apparent lightness which goes along the collection, and to show how, in a last stage, it is underlain the opposition between weight and lightness. Within this work, we seek to emphasize that the descendent tension line would be, in a last level, associated to the scape of pain and suffering.

Esta dissertação tenciona fazer uma leitura da obra Il Canzoniere, de Umberto Saba, com base na linha tensiva descendente que se inicia na coletânea Trieste e una donna (1910-1912), e cujo ponto de menor temperatura é Cose leggere e vaganti (1920). Procuramos focar nossa leitura nas tensões e ambivalências que perpassam a produção poética do triestino nesse período. Desse modo, o trabalho está estruturado em três capítulos: no primeiro, centramos atenção em Trieste e una donna e tentamos compreender como se estabelece a relação de confluencia entre o eu-lírico e o sensível, como busca de apreensão da elementaridade das coisas e conseqüente aceitação da vida em toda sua variedade; no segundo, tratamos de La serena disperazione(1913-1915) e Poesie scritte durante la guerra (1917), mantendo o foco na dinâmica entre permanência e ruptura, e tendo como base os motivos da tentativa de recuperação de recursos usados em coletâneas anteriores; no terceiro, abordamos Cose leggere e vaganti, com vistas a tentar entender a aparente leveza que perpassa a coletânea, e mostrar como, em última instância, subjaz nela a oposição entre peso e leveza. Com o presente trabalho, procuramos evidenciar, assim, que a linha descendente de tensão estaria, em última instância, associada à tentativa de fuga da dor e do sofrimento. / This dissertation intends to read the work Il Canzoniere, by Umberto Saba, based on the tensed descendent line which begins with the collection Trieste e una donna, and which point of lower temperature is Cose leggere e vaganti. We sought to focus our reading in the tensions and the ambivalence that go across the poetic production of the Triestian in such period. So, this work is structured in three chapters: on the first one, we centered the attention in Trieste e una donna and tried to understand how the confluent relation between the lyric-self and the sensory is established, as we seek to seize the elementary things and its consequent acceptance of life in all its variety; on the second one, we approached La serena disperazione and Poesie scritte durante la guerra, keeping the focus on the dynamics between permanence and rupture, being based on the motives to attempt the recall of the resources used in previous collections; on the third one, we approached Cose leggere e vaganti, in order to attempt to understand the apparent lightness which goes along the collection, and to show how, in a last stage, it is underlain the opposition between weight and lightness. Within this work, we seek to emphasize that the descendent tension line would be, in a last level, associated to the scape of pain and suffering.

This is an interdisciplinary study that aims to reassess Dante's use of Franciscan sources in the Divine Comedy. Particularly, I focus on two important, yet marginalized, theologians: the Provençal friar Pietro di Giovanni Olivi, and his disciple, Ubertino da Casale. Both are coeval of Dante Alighieri, and served as lectores in Florence. In particular, I examine the eschatological aspects of their works, in an attempt to understand how they contribute to Dante's own eschatological vision. Ubertino and Olivi were extremely interested in understanding history through the dense symbolism of the Apocalypse. Therefore, I inspected their works, particularly Olivi's Lectura Super Apocalipsim (a commentary on the Apocalypse written in 1298, of which there exist no modern editions), and Ubertino's Arbor Vitae Crucifixae Jesu, "The Tree of the Crucified Life of Jesus," a massive work on the life of Christ, composed in 1305, in which the author incorporates and develops large parts of Olivi's commentary. I attempt to disentangle the crossed references that link these two books with Dante's Divine Comedy. I aim to revise our knowledge of Dante's appropriation of these sources, for I believe that scholars have unjustly dismissed Ubertino as an unoriginal mediator, on the ground of his ideological dependence on Olivi. Therefore I propose an amendment in Ubertino's favor. Upon a redefinition of Dante's ideological genealogy, I hope to improve our comprehension of how Dante incorporates the eschatology debate of his time in the sacred poem.