The thesis is focused on structural design of unconventional experimental combustion air preheater into drawing documentation needed for production and realization. Strength and expansion control of exposed elements of construction is also included in the thesis. The final design is obtained by gradual specification of pre-designed and strength and expansion controlled elements of construction. The work also includes discussion of structural properties of the final design.

The thesis has been focused on testing of micromethod of DNA isolation using magnetic particles from thermic-managed food products in a quality suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Currant jams were selected for the analysis. These were homogenized using plastic copist and stomacher in lysis buffer with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of chloroform-octanol and isopropanol in the preparation of homogenates was tested. Homogenates were used for DNA isolation by magnetic particles. Rough fraction of DNA was purified by binding on the magnetic particles after centrifugation of the CTAB complexes with proteins, polyphenols and polysaccharides. Two types of magnetic particles were tested: microparticles of poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate) - P(HEMA-co-GMA) and nanoparticles of iron oxides covered by poly(L-lysine) - PLL. Isolated DNA was analyzed spectrophotometrically - it was assessed its concentration and contamination by polyphenols and proteins. After that, amplification of the DNA was tested in PCR. Primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA were used. PCR products of expected length 700 bp were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was shown that DNA isolated from currant jams using magnetic particles was in PCR-ready quality.

In thesis was verified micromethod for isolation of plant DNA from different vegetable (onion and broccoli) and plant food products in quality for application in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The micromethod allows isolation DNA using magnetic particles from crude lysates of cells obtained by direct homogenization of plant tissues. Various methods of processing homogenates were compared. Homogenization was performed by lysis buffer containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of the organic extraction agents was tested (chloroform-octanol and isopropanol). DNA was purified from homogenates by reversible adsorption on magnetic particles (four different types of magnetic particles were tested). The quality of isolated DNA was verified by UV spectrophotometry. The amplificabilty of DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were used. PCR products of lenght 700 and 220 bp were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Differences in yield and quality of DNA were depended on the homogenate processing and magnetic particles used. The proposed procedure with two magnetic particles was tested for the isolation DNA from plan food products (spreads). DNA was amplified in PCR. Micromethod is suitable for DNA analysis of foods.

The male gametes (sperms) are under strong sexual selection and are therefore very diverse in their morphology and often differ even amongst closely related species. Sperms are thus assumed to play very important role in reproductive isolation between species, due to their fast evolution in morphology. In my master thesis, I have studied the possible role of sperm morphology divergence in reproductive isolation in two sister species of passerine birds, the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the thrush nightingale (L. luscinia). The areas of these species overlap in secondary contact zone running across central and Eastern Europe, where they occasionally hybridize. I have compared sperm morphology of males of both species originating in allopatric and sympatric localities as well as interspecies hybrids. The results showed significant differences in total sperm length which is approximately 20 % longer in the common nightingale. That is caused by great interspecies divergence in midpiece (containing mitochondria) length. Interspecific hybrids showed sperms with intermediate length but despite expectations completely morphologically normal. This outcome corresponds with observed fertility in F1 hybrid males. What I consider to be an essential finding is a significant divergence in head...

The motility of male gametes (sperm) is one of the important factors influencing the reproductive success of males. Because sperms are often subjected to strong postmating sexual selection and even closely related species often differ in sperm morphology, sperm motility could also differ between species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation between species. As part of my diploma thesis, I studied sperm motility in two closely related species of songbirds, the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia). These two species of nightingales are an ideal model system because the areas of these two species overlap in the secondary contact zone across Central and Eastern Europe, where they occasionally hybridize and thus allow the study of speciation mechanisms in the natural environment. Both species also differ greatly in total sperm length. As part of my diploma thesis, I studied the possible influence of different sperm morphology on their motility. I further tested whether the motility of nightingale sperm differs in the fluid from the cloaca of a female of the same species and a different species, which would demonstrate the presence of postmating prezygotic reproductive isolation between species. The results of my work showed that despite the...

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a low energy house in two structural variants, namely wooden frame construction and massive brick construction. The object is designed on a specific plot with two above-ground floors. The house meets the requirements of a three-member family. Both objects will be compared in terms of energy intensity and energy prices. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part of the thesis there is a description of how the basic wooden constructions are divided. There are also basic characteristics of some wooden frame structures and solid brick structures made of lime sand bricks, including their positive and negative properties. Basic energy balance and categorization of buildings in terms of energy intensity follows, including descriptions of the individual categories. The second part of the thesis deals with the design of the wooden structure itself. The text part contains the accompanying and the summarizing technical reports to the designed object. The perimeter structures of the wooden structure and the perimeter structures of the massive brick structure in contact with the exterior are assessed in terms of thermal technical requirements for the perimeter shells. At the end of the work the timber and brick structure are compared in terms of heat losses and energy demands. In addition, the individual alternatives for heating and water heating are compared in terms of fuel consumption costs and price comparability of 1 m2 of perimeter structures of brickwork and wooden structures. The drawing part contains a study of frame wood and brick structures. The building permit documentation is prepared for the wooden building. Part of the project documentation is calculation of heat losses, energy performance certificate, calculation of the energy intensity of the building, energy label of the building envelope and 3D visualization of the proposed building.

Hybrid sterility is one of the reproductive isolation mechanisms restricting gene flow between the related species and leading to speciation. PR domain containing 9 (Prdm9), the only known vertebrate hybrid sterility gene, determines the sites of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and thus specifies hotspots of meiotic recombination but in hybrids between two mouse subspecies causes failure of meiotic chromosome synapsis and hybrid male sterility. In the present study on sterile hybrids, the five smallest autosomes were more prone to asynapsis. To manipulate with the synapsis rate, random stretches of consubspecific homology were inserted into several autosomal pairs. Twenty seven or more megabases of consubspecific sequence fully restore synapsis in a given autosome. Further, at least two symetric DN double-strand breaks per chromosome were necessary for successful synapsis. Moreover, F1 hybrids had sperm when synapsis was rescued in at least three of four segregating chromosomes. To verify the assumption of a lack of symmetric DSBs in meiotic chromosomes of sterile males the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was used to induce exogenous DNA DSBs. Cells treated with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of cisplatin showed increased number of DSBs monitored by immunostaining of RPA and DMC1 sites and...

In the first part, the master’s thesis deals with the history of utility tunnels, methods of construction processes and materials from which they are built. It also mentions methods and materials which protect against the effects of groundwater. The thesis is mainly dedicated to the design and structural design of the secondary utility tunnel lining with an emphasis on protection against ingress of groundwater. The mathematical model was created in Plaxis 2DAE software.

This graduation thesis is aimed to presentation heat isolation materials for the floor constructions. The experimental part is devoted physical - mechanical properties suggested very light concretes with the cement. The main part of the thesis is devoted to form of the transit and putting of the individual heat isolation materials. In the end are suggested structures of the floor constructions with the respect to their properties and price.

Adamcová, M.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae) I. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015. The aim of this study was isolation of substances from total diethyl ether alkaloid extract of Argemone grandiflora Sweet, their identification and assessment of their inhibition activity towards acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase. Using common chromatografic methods, four alkaloids were isolated, that was identified as (+)-laudanosine, protopine, (-)-argemonine a (-)-platycerine. These substances was tested for their inhibition activity IC50: (+)-laudanosine (IC50 AChE = 617,00 ± 46,55 μM, IC50 BuChE = 644,77 ± 55,52 μM, IC50 POP = not mesured yet); protopine (IC50 AChE = 229,98 ± 21,02 μM, IC50 BuChE = 208,87 ± 17,67 μM, IC50 POP ˃ 1000 μM); (-)-argemonine (IC50 AChE = 4677,75 ± 1241,08 μM, IC50 BuChE = 885,45 ± 119,50 μM, IC50 POP = 337 ± 83,1 μM); (-)-platycerine (IC50 AChE = 223,65 ± 19,61 μM, IC50 BuChE = 1651,25 ± 327,7 μM, IC50 POP = 687 ± 74 μM). In comparison with the standards galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,710 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001...