Different species of genus Bifidobacterium are part of human and animal intestinal flora. These bacteria have benefit effects and therefore they are used in foods and pharmaceutical products as probiotics. Cheese is now suitable as a probiotic matrix except yoghurts and fermentated milks. This diploma thesis was focused on optimalization of DNA isolation from bacteria of genus Bifidobacterium. Magnetic microparticles (P(HEMA-co¬-GMA)) were used for DNA isolation in presence of 8% polyethyleneglycol PEG 6000 and 5 M sodium chloride. Phenol extraction weas also used as an isolation method. Isolated DNA was used for amplification in domain, genus and species specific PCRs. Optimized method was tested for detection of bacteria of genus Bifidobacterium in experimentaly prepared probiotic cheeses. These cheeses contained potential probiotic bacteria from Laktoflóra collection. Bacteria were identified into species using species specific PCR. Species Bifidobacterium animalis was identified in all samples of probiotic cheeses.

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria are natural part of microflora of gastrointestinal tract. In the present, day they are grossly exploited in food processing industry. The aim of the work was molecular identification of bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in complex matrices of two food additives. Total DNA was isolated from crude cell lysates by magnetic particles P(HEMA-co-GMA). Isolated DNA was amplified in genus-specific and species-specific PCRs. Amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results were compared with declared specification given by producers in three different batches.

Lactic acid bacteria are natural part of the human gastrointestinal tract. They are often used in food supplements and for the production of fermented dairy products. This thesis focuses on the identification of selected species of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in cheese and dairy products. Bacterial DNA was isolated by magnetic particles P(HEMA-co-GMA) from crude cell lysates from 9 products. Isolated DNA was amplified in genus-specific and species-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The obtained amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of PCR were compared with those provided by the manufacturers and there has been declared a match.

The aim of the work was testing of two types of magnetic mikrosheres functionalised with –COOH groups for the isolation of bacterial DNA. Isolation of DNA was carried out from crude lysates of cells prepared from pure culture of Lactobacillus paracassei RL-10 in the presence of binding buffer with 2 M NaCl and 16% PEG 6000. The influence of RNA degradation by enzyme RNase A on the amount of isolated DNA was investigated. It was estimated that RNA degradation affects the amount of DNA isolated. The amount of DNA depended on the type of microparticles. Higher amounts of DNA were isolated using particles with higher content of carboxyl groups. DNA applicable in PCR was isolated using both types of microsheres. In next part of the work, microparticles functionalised with –NH2 groups were used to DNA isolation using electrostatic forces. It was shown that buffer with lower pH is suitable for DNA adsorption onto magnetic microparticles.

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an important part of fermented dairy products, pharmaceuticals and food supplements. At present, rapid and accurate identification of bacteria is carried out using molecular biological methods based on DNA amplification. The aim of the thesis was to identify by non-cultivation bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and bacteria of species Lactobacillus acidophilus in complex matrices at total of seven different food supplements. Total DNA was isolated from crude cell lysates using magnetic carrier P(HEMA-co-GMA). Amplificability of DNA was verified by PCR using primers specific for the domain Bacteria. In next step isolated DNA was amplified using primers specific for the genus Lactobacillus and species Lactobacillus acidophilus to demonstrate the presence of this bacterial genus and species declared by the producers. The results of bacteria identification obtained by PCR were compared with declared specification given by the producers.

The work was focused on isolation of PCR-ready DNA and the identification of probiotic lactic acid bacteria that were isolated from five milk product for infant nutrition. DNA was isolated from crude cell-lysates of the products by magnetic P(HEMA-co-GMA) microspheres. DNAs isolated from crude cell lysates of control strains using phenol extraction method were used as positive controls. Using PCRs DNA of genera Bifidobacterium and species B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. longum and Streptococcus thermophilus species were identified in products. The results obtained are consistent with the data declared by the manufacturers.

The aim of thesis is focused on isolation of DNA in quality for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the identification of probiotic bacteria. From six probiotic supplements for children were isolated PCR-ready DNAs using magnetic carriers P(HEMA-co-GMA). Isolated DNA was amplified by genus-specific and species-specific primers. DNAs of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus genera were identified as: L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. casei, B. bifidum, B. longum ssp. longum, B. breve, B. longum ssp infantis, B. animalis and S. thermophilus. The identification corresponded with the data declared by the producers.

This thesis deals with the isolation of probiotic DNA from meat products and its assesment by PCR methods. In this thesis is developed homogenization of samples of sausages with kopist, preparation of sausage cells lysates and isolation of DNA by using of magnetic microparticles. The DNA was isolated from sausage lysates by using magnetic microparticles. Isolated DNA was further amplified in genus and spesies-specific PCR methods. In tested products was proven presence of DNA of domain Bacteria, type Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In one product was proven presence of species Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis.

Master's thesis is monitoring changes in basic dielectric properties. Monitoring changes in absorbency of characteristics and temporal dependences in rezistance with change of relative humidity. On the colection samples were measured temporal dependences charged and uncharged currents in ambient temperature and 0%, 55%, 75%, 95% relative humidity. The next part of my work is monitoring temporal dependences interior rezistance in the time of ageing in different humidities. Experiments were made on material ISONOM NKN and NMN.

Diploma thesis deals with the design of a vibration isolated platform for low temperature scanning tunneling microscope working under ultra high vacuum (UHV STM). Cooling of the microscope is done by liquid helium using a flow cryostat designed in Institute of Scientific Instruments of the AS CR. In the thesis, general requirements of designing of an ultra high vacuum compatible devices are discussed, as well as the ways of vibrational isolation and damping. Also some ways how to restrict the transfer of vibration between vacuum devices and surroundings are mentioned. This knowledge is then applied to the design of the antivibrational microscope platform compatible with low temperature usage. For better understanding of vibrational transfer and damping, a real model of the designed platform is made and vibrational transfer characteristics are measured and compared with the theory.