Fallopia japonica (Houtt. Ronse Decraene) (syn. Reynoutria japonica syn. Polygonum cuspidatum, Japanese knotweed) is an aggressively invasive alien weed in the United Kingdom (UK) and throughout its introduced range. Its presence can herald considerable costs, both in terms of its ecological impact as a threat to biodiversity and economically due to the physical damage caused to property and the associated costs of treatment and disposal of the plant. There is therefore increasing interest in eradicating this alien species and as a result many different management techniques have been applied to try and control its spread. It is important to ascertain which of these are most appropriate in any given situation and so tools that can test the impact and efficiency of these techniques both quickly and cheaply would be extremely useful. In this thesis mathematical models are developed for the spatial spread of F. japonica on a local scale in the UK.

This study was conducted to provide insight into the response of Achyranthes japonica to management tools in the form of complete shoot removal (clipping) and herbicide application at Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge (CCNWR) in southern Illinois. Field herbicide experiments indicate that A. japonica is susceptible to foliar applications of systemic, broad leaf herbicides. The removal of A. japonica by herbicide, however, did not allow for re-establishment of the surrounding plant community in years 2011 and 2012. Seedlings at node stage 3, 4 and 6 were able to regrow following complete shoot removal indicating that this species can sustain perennial growth when it develops three nodes and that the node stage at which plants were clipped did not affect their regrowth potential. In the greenhouse, A. japonica was able to regrow following complete shoot removal at the 3 node stage and the number of branches and apical nodes on a plant are the best predictors of the regrowth potential for this species. Achyranthes japonica's susceptibility to foliar applications of systemic herbicides in the greenhouse was high. Herbicide titration results indicate that of the six herbicides tested (2,4-D ester, triclopyr, glyphosate, aminopyralid, triclopyr+fluroxypyr, and aminopyralid+metsulfuron) triclopyr required the least amount of active ingredient to reduce the growth of A. japonica by 50% (GR-50). Results overall suggest that A. japonica reaches perennial growth by the time it has three nodes, making clipping as a management tool only successful if done before plants have developed three nodes. Achyranthes japonica perennial plants are highly susceptible to foliar applications of broad leaf systemic herbicides making them a good management tool in the field.

No description available.

Ce travail de thèse explore les influences maternelles non génétiques chez un oiseau nidifuge, la caille japonaise Coturnix c. japonica. Un premier axe s'intéresse à l'influence d'un facteur intrinsèque sur le comportement de la femelle pondeuse, les caractéristiques de ses œufs et le développement de ses descendants. Nos travaux montrent que les caractéristiques intrinsèques du comportement de ponte modulent l'émotivité des femelles. Les œufs pondus par des femelles présentant un profil de ponte stable (i.e. ovipositions à la même heure chaque jour) diffèrent des œufs pondus par des femelles présentant un profil de ponte décalé (i.e. ovipositions un peu plus tard chaque jour). Les descendants de ces femelles montrent une plus grande émotivité face à la nouveauté et à la séparation sociale. De plus, il existe des variations des caractéristiques des œufs spécifiques à chaque profil de ponte. Le second axe s'intéresse à une influence environnementale. Au sein de l'environnement biotique, le partenaire sexuel est un congénère particulier pour la femelle. Lorsque les deux partenaires ont la possibilité de développer un lien (par un appariement permanent), leurs descendants sont moins émotifs et plus sociaux comparés à des jeunes dont les parents ont été appariés de façon ponctuelle et n'ont pas développé de lien. Enfin, le dernier axe explore pour la première fois chez l'oiseau nidifuge l'interaction entre des influences maternelles prénatales et postnatales. Ainsi, des jeunes stressés prénatalement ont une émotivité moindre face à la nouveauté et à la séparation sociale si ils sont maternés après l'éclosion, comparés à des jeunes non maternés. L'ensemble de ce travail améliore nos connaissances des facteurs de variations des influences maternelles, leurs mécanismes et leurs conséquences, permettant de mieux comprendre la variabilité phénotypique des individus et l'évolution des populations. / This thesis explored non-genetic maternal influences in a precocial bird, the Japanese quail Coturnix c. japonica. A first approach investigated the influence of an intrinsic factor on the behaviour of a laying female, its eggs' characteristics and its offspring's development. Our results demonstrate that intrinsic characteristics of egg laying behaviour influence females' emotivity. Eggs laid by females that present a stable laying profile (i.e. ovoposition at the same time each day) differed from eggs laid by females that present a delayed laying profile (i.e. oviposition later each day). Offspring of females delayed laying profile showed higher emotivity in novel situations and social isolation. Moreover, eggs presented specific characteristics within each of both egg laying profiles. A second approach focused on the biotic environment. For a female, the mating partner is a particular congener. When mates could develop a pair bond (by continuous pairing), their offspring were more emotive and less social compared to chicks whose parents were not continuously paired and thus did not develop a pair bond. In a final approach and for the first time in a precocial bird, interactions between prenatal and postnatal maternal influences were explored. Chicks that were prenatally stressed showed lower emotivity in novel situations and social isolation when they are mothered after hatching compared to non-mothered, prenatally stressed chicks. Overall, our work improves the knowledge about maternal influence factors of variation, their mechanisms and consequences, allowing a better understanding of individuals' phenotypic variability and populations' evolution.

Invasiva främmande arter (IFA) har negativa effekter på biologisk mångfald och inhemska ekosystem. Parkslide (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.)  är en svårutrotad IFA som har fått stor spridning i delar av Europa, och även i södra och mellersta Sverige, framförallt i kustområden. Den konkurrerar ut inhemska arter, framför allt genom att begränsa tillgången av ljus och näringsämnen för andra växter. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka tillväxten hos parkslide med vattentillgång som parameter, för att förstå mer om arten och förutsäga hur förändring av denna abiotiska faktor kan påverka dess framtida spridning. Sex grupper med sticklingar och sex grupper med rhizomer analyserades vid olika bevattningsbehandlingar under 21 dagar, mellan kontrollbehandlingen 0 ml H2O/3e dag till 50 ml H2O/3e dag. Före plantering mättes vikt, längd och antal blad och noterades för sticklingarna - för rhizomer mättes vikt och antal groddögon. Överlevnaden bland sticklingar var 13.3% och bland rhizomer 95.0%. För rhizomerna skilde sig kontrollbehandlingen (0 ml H2O /3:e dag) med en genomsnittlig tillväxt på 3.0 cm signifikant i längdtillväxt från behandlingen med 15 ml H2O /3:e dag med en genomsnittlig tillväxt på 26.3 cm, i övrigt fanns inga signifikanta skillnader i längdtillväxt mellan de andra behandlingarna för rhizomerna. För tillväxt av massa bland rhizomer fanns det en signifikant skillnad mellan kontrollbehandlingen 0 ml H2O /3:e dag (29,4 % viktminskning) och all annan behandling utom 5 ml H2O /3:e dag. Behandlingen med 5 ml H2O /3:e dag hade också en signifikant skillnad mot 40 ml H2O /3:e dag (83,9 % viktökning), som var gruppen med högst viktökning bland rhizomer. Överlevnadsgraden var totalt sett låg för sticklingarna, och alla behandlingar hade 0 % levande sticklingar i slutet av experimentet, förutom behandlingen 25 ml H2O /3:e dag, 40 ml H2O /3:e dag och 50 H2O /3:e dag som hade en överlevnadsgrad på 30, 40 respektive 10 %. Studien visar att parkslide har mycket god förmåga till överlevnad vid varierande tillgång till vatten, då den grupp som inte alls vattnats under perioden var den enda som väsentligen särskilde sig från de andra. På grund av den höga överlevnaden bland rhizomer bör man iaktta stor försiktighet vid förflyttning av jordmassor för att begränsa denna spridningsväg och förebygga framtida nyetablering av parkslide. / Invasive alien species (IAS) have negative effects on biodiversity and native ecosystems. Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) is an IAS that is difficult to eradicate, and it has become widespread in Europe and in the coastal and south-central Sweden. It outcompetes native species primarily by limiting the light and nutrients availability. The aim of this study was to investigate growth of Japanese knotweed under different watering conditions, to understand more about the species and if change of this abiotic factor can impact its future spread. Six groups of shoot cuttings and six groups of rhizomes fragments were planted and analyzed under different watering treatments for 21 days with water amount ranging from 0 ml H2O/3rd day for the control treatment up to 50 ml H2O/3rd day. Before planting, weight, length and number of leaves was measured for the shoot cuttings; for the rhizomes weight and number of sprout nodes was measured. The survival for the shoot cuttings was 13.3% and for the rhizomes 95.0%. For the rhizomes, the control treatment (0 ml H2O/3rd day) with an average of 3.0 cm growth differed significantly in length growth from the treatment with 15 ml H2O/3rd day with an average of 26.3 cm growth. There were no significant differences in length growth between the other rhizome treatments. For the mass growth of rhizomes, there was a significant difference between the control treatment 0 ml H2O/3rd day (29.4% weight loss) and all other treatment except 5 ml H2O/3rd day. The 5 ml H2O/3rd day treatment was also significantly different from the 40 ml H2O/3rd day (83.9% weight gain), which was the group with the highest weight gain. Survival rates were overall low for the shoot cuttings, and all treatments had 0% living shoot cuttings at the end of the experiment, except for the treatment of 25 ml H2O/3rd day, 40 ml H2O /3rd day and 50 ml H2O/3rd that had a survival rate of 30%, 40%, 10% respectively. The study shows that Japanese knotweed has a very good ability to survive with varying access to water, as the group that was not watered at all during the period was the only that essentially differed from the others. The high survival of the rhizomes calls for caution when moving soil masses in order to prevent further spread of the Japanese knotweed.

Law Pui-ki. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-105). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Statement --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of contents --- p.viii / List of figures --- p.xv / List of tables --- p.xvii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Schistosomiasis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Disease burden --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Causative agents --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Transmission --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Pathology of the disease --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Control and therapy --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Schistosomiasis in China --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Schistosoma japonicum --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Life cycle of S. japonicum --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Biology of S. japonicum cercaria --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Transformation of cercaria to schistosomulum --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Cercarial stage-specific antigens --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Aim of study --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methodology --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Schistosoma japonicum cercaria cDNA library --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cercarial stage-specific clones --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Adult worm and cercaria RNA --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- "Snail intermediate host, Oncomelania hupensis" --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Bacterial strains --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Chemicals --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Kits and reagents --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- Nucleic acids --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.9 --- Solutions --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.10 --- Enzymes --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.11 --- Primers --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.12 --- Antibodies --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methodology --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Identification of cercarial stage-specific genes --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Sequence analysis of cercarial stage-specific clones --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- "Confirmation of stage-specific expression of the selected gene, 20H8 and sjCa8, by RNA dot blot" --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.1 --- Cloning of S. japonicum glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (sjGAPDH) (GenBank accession no. U75571) --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.1.1 --- Reverse transcription and PCR amplification of sjGAPDH --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.1.2 --- Cloning of sjGADPH in pBluescript II KS (-) --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.1.3 --- Sequence verification of cloned sjGAPDH --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.2 --- Synthesis of Digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probe --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.2.1 --- Synthesis of DIG-labeled probe by PCR --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.2.2 --- Estimation of concentration of DIG-labeled probe --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.3 --- RNA dot blot --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.3.1 --- Transferring RNA to the membrane using the BIO-RAD blotting manifold --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.3.2 --- Hybridization of DIG-labeled probe to detect sjGAPDH --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.3.3 --- Detection of the chemiluminescent signal --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.2.3.4 --- Stripping membrane for reprobing --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Characterization of the cercarial stage-specific gene and gene product of 20H8 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Cloning of full-length cDNA of 20H8 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.1 --- 5'RACE of 20H8 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.2 --- Cloning of full-length 20H8 into pBluescript II SK(-) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Analysis of DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of 20H8 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Demonstration of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of 20H8 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.1 --- Expression of 20H8 in E. coli --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.1.1 --- "Cloning of 20H8 in an E coli expression vector, pET32a+" --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.1.2 --- Expression of recombinant 20H8 protein in E. coli --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.2 --- Purification and concentration of recombinant 20H8 protein --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.3 --- Production of antiserum --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.4 --- Evaluation of immunogenicity of recombinant 20H8 protein --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.5 --- Evaluation of antigenicity of recombinant 20H8 protein --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Immunolocalization of 20H8 in cercaria --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.2.4.1 --- Collection of S. japonicum cercaria --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.2.4.2 --- Immunofluorescence staining of cercaria --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Characterization of the cercarial stage-specific gene and gene product of sjCa8 --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Analysis of DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of sjCa8 --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Demonstration of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of sjCa8 --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3.2.1 --- Expression of sjCa8 in E. coli --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3.2.2 --- Purification and concentration of recombinant sjCa8 protein --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3.2.3 --- Production of antiserum --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3.2.4 --- Evaluation of the immunogenicity of sjCa8 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.3.2.5 --- Evaluation of the antigenicity of sjCa8 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Demonstration of calcium-binding property of sjCa8 --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3.3.1 --- Calcium-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3.3.2 --- Ruthenium red assay --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Immunolocalization of sjCa8 in cercaria --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1. --- Identification of cercarial stage-specific genes --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Identification of cercarial stage-specific genes by microarray --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Confirmation of stage-specific expression of the selected gene, 20H8 and sjCa8, by RNA dot blot" --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2. --- Characterization of the cercarial stage-specific gene and gene product of 20H8 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cloning of full-length cDNA of 20H8 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Analysis of DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of 20H8 --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Demonstration of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of 20H8 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Expression of 20H8 in E. coli --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Purification and concentration of recombinant 20H8 protein --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Production of antiserum --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Evaluation of immunogenicity of recombinant 20H8 protein --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Evaluation of antigenicity of recombinant 20H8 protein --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Immunolocalization of 20H8 in cercaria --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3. --- Characterization of the cercarial stage-specific gene and gene product of sjCa8 --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Analysis of DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of sjCa8 --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Demonstration of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of sjCa8 --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Expression of sjCa8 in E. coli --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Purification and concentration of recombinant sjCa8 protein --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Production of anti-sjCa8 serum --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Evaluation of immunogenicity of sjCa8 protein --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2.5 --- Evaluation of antigenicity of sjCa8 protein --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Demonstration of calcium-binding property of sjCa8 --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Electrophoretic motility shift --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Ruthenium red binding assay --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Immunolocalization of sjCa8 in cercaria 81 --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1 --- Identification of cercarial stage-specific genes --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Identification of cercarial stage-specific genes by microarray --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- "Confirmation of stage-specific expression of the selected genes, 20H8 and sjCa8" --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2 --- Characterization of the cercarial stage-specific gene and gene product of 20H8 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Analysis of DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of 20H8 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Demonstration of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of 20H8 --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Immunolocalization of 20H8 in cercaria --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characterization of the cercarial stage-specific gene and gene product of sjCa8 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Analysis of DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of sjCa8 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Demonstration of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of sjCa8 --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Demonstration of calcium-binding property of sjCa8 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Immunolocalization of sjCa8 in cercaria --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.95 / References --- p.96

No description available.

O ferro é um micronutiente essencial em plantas, como também para praticamente todos os demais organismos. Porém, as formas livres de ferro intracelular podem ser extremamente danosas. A proteína ferritina tem papel crucial neste contexto, com a função de acumular ferro de uma forma segura e biodisponível. Cada proteína pode acumular aproximadamente 4500 átomos de ferro em sua cavidade interna. Em plantas, existe um número variado de cópias gênicas para ferritina e estas cópias têm expressão modulada por fatores bióticos e abióticos. No genoma do arroz foram caracterizadas duas cópias para o gene da ferritina. Como existem poucos estudos funcionais para ferritina em arroz, este trabalho teve como objetivos: (a) silenciar as duas cópias da ferritina da subespécie japonica variedade Nipponbare; (b) caracterizar, por PCR, mutantes para ferritina por inserção do retroelemento TOS17; (c) caracterizar a expressão da ferritina da subespécie de arroz japonica, variedade Nipponbare, em plantas cultivadas em meio hidropônico sob excesso de ferro. Utilizando o sistema Gateway (Invitrogen) nós desenvolvemos uma construção que expressa um RNA em grampo projetado para silenciar ambas as cópias dos genes da ferritina de arroz. Baseando-se em um protocolo bem estabelecido de regeneração de plantas transgênicas de arroz, nós regeneramos plantas transgênicas silenciadas para os genes da ferritina. Foi obtido 75% de sucesso na geração das plantas silenciadas, o que está de acordo com a literatura. Os transformates primários (T0) não apresentaram anormalidades morfológicas evidentes. É possível que uma rota compensatória para armazenar ferro de forma segura seja ativada quando os níveis de ferritina são diminuídos. Além disso, as plantas produzidas neste trabalho são uma ferramenta potencial para estudar a relação ferro-planta. Baseando-se em análises in silico e por PCR, nós caracterizamos três linhagens mutantes contendo inserção do retroelemento TOS17 no gene OsFer2, entretanto, ainda não identificamos mutantes homozigotos. Em plantas de arroz crescidas em meio hidropônico, o aumento da concentração de ferro resultou em maiores níveis de expressão de ferritina, avaliados por RT-PCR semi-quantitativo, após 6 h e 12 h de exposição aos tratamentos de 50 e 500 ppm de FeSO4 do que na condição controle (5,6 ppm). / Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants, as for virtually all organisms. However, free intracelular iron forms can be extremely dangerous. The ferritin protein has a crucial role in this context, storing iron in a safe and bioavailable form. Each protein molecule can accumulate about 4500 iron atoms in its internal cavity. In plants, there is a variable number of ferritin gene copies and their expression is modulated by biotic and abiotic factors. There are two copies of the ferritin gene in the rice genome. As there are few functional studies for the ferritin genes in rice, this work had the objetives of: (a) to silence both copies of the ferritin genes in the japonica Nipponbare variety; (b) to identify and characterize TOS17 insertional mutants for the ferritin genes using in silico and PCR essays; (c) to characterize the expression of ferritin in the japonica Nipponbare variety under iron stress conditions. Using the Gateway system we generated a construct that expresses a hairpin RNA designed to silence both rice ferritin gene copies. Based on a well-established protocol to regenerate transgenic plants, we developed transgenic ferritin silenced lines. We obtained 75% success in generating rice silenced lines against ferritin. The primary transformants (T0) had no clear morphological abnormalities. It is possible that a compensatory pathway to store iron in a safe form can be induced when levels of ferritin are downregulated. Furthermore, the plants generated in this work are a potential tool to study iron-plant relations. Based on in silico and PCR essays we characterized three TOS17 insertional mutant lines for the OsFer2 gene, but until now we could not identify TOS17 homozygous mutants. In rice plants grown in hydroponic culture, increasing iron concentrations resulted in higher expression levels of ferritin, evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, after 6h and 12h exposure to 50 and 500 ppm of FeSO4, than in the control treatment (5,6 ppm).

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Orientador: Salatiér Buzetti / Resumo: A adubação nitrogenada proporciona, além da nutrição, a manutenção da coloração verde intensa em gramados ornamentais, imprescindível do ponto de vista estético. Mas, o nitrogênio (N) aumenta o crescimento da parte aérea e, assim, maior será frequência de cortes, principal fator do custo de manutenção em gramados. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação nitrogenada (via solo com ou sem via foliar), e o uso de doses do herbicida glyphosate em grama esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.), visando reduzir o crescimento do gramado, bem como manter sua qualidade visual (verde intenso) e nutricional. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira/SP, de agosto de 2014 a fevereiro de 2017, em um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Eutrófico areno-argiloso. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 20 tratamentos dispostos em fatorial 5 x 4, com quatro repetições, em 10 m2 por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha (sem N); 15 g m-2 de N aplicado via solo e sem N via foliar; 30 g m-2 de N aplicado via solo e sem N via foliar; 15 g m-2 de N aplicado via solo e com N via foliar (1% de ureia) e 30 g m-2 de N aplicado via solo e com N via foliar (1% de ureia), combinados com quatro doses de glyphosate (0, 200, 400 e 600 g ha-1 do ingrediente ativo - i.a.). As doses de N via solo foram parceladas em cinco aplicações durante o ano e, portanto, corresponderam a 3 e 6 g m-2 de N a cada aplicação, respectivamente, para as doses de 15 ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Nitrogen fertilization provides, in addition to nutrition, the maintenance of intense green color in ornamental turfgrasses, necessary underesthetic view point. However, nitrogen (N) increases the shoots growth and, thus, the frequency of cuts, the main factor in the cost of turfgrasses maintenance. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate nitrogen fertilization (via soil and/or foliar) and the use of rates of glyphosate in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) to reduce growth and maintain the visual quality (intense green) and good nutritional quality. The research was conducted at the Experimental Station of UNESP, Ilha Solteira/SP, from August/2014 to February/2017, on an Ultisol. It was used a randomized block design with 20 treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 5 x 4 with four replications and 10 m2 per plot. The treatments was: control (without N), 15 g m-2 of N in the soil without application of foliar N; 30 g m-2 of N in the soil without application of foliar N; 15 g m-2 in the soil with foliar application of N (1% urea) and 30 g m-2 of N in the soil with foliar application of N (1% urea) combined with four rates of glyphosate (0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 active ingredient (a.i.)). N rates in the soil were split in five times during the year and, therefore, corresponded to 3 and 6 g m-2 of N at each application, respectively, for the rates of 15 and 30 g m-2 of N. Were evaluated: the chemical attributes of the soil, height and dry matter of leaves, leaf area, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor