Submitted by ROQUE DE CARVALHO DIAS (roquediasagro@gmail.com) on 2018-04-20T00:59:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Roque 1.pdf: 5566286 bytes, checksum: 6c72537f585638e2c9c641329d843ab1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-04-20T12:21:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_rc_me_botfca.pdf: 5488383 bytes, checksum: 9135485526aa6ccb4ff2034a5d777818 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T12:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_rc_me_botfca.pdf: 5488383 bytes, checksum: 9135485526aa6ccb4ff2034a5d777818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As plantas daninhas interferem nos gramados, prejudicando a sua formação, estabelecimento, qualidade e estética. Destaca-se dentre as diversas técnicas o uso de herbicidas, entretanto, são escassas as informações referentes a seletividade desses produtos em gramados. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre as espécies Axonopus compressus (grama São Carlos), Paspalum notatum (grama Batatais), Zoysia japonica (grama Esmeralda) Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis (grama Bermuda - Tifton 419). Foram realizados dois experimentos, todos em casa de vegetação e repetidos em diferentes momentos. As quatro espécies de grama foram transplantadas em vasos com capacidade de 2 L e aos 40 dias após o transplantio foram realizadas as aplicações dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos constituíram-se pela aplicação de 13 herbicidas (g i.a. ha-1): chlorimuron-ethyl (15); halosulfuron (112,5); imazapyr (125,0); metsulfuron-methyl (2,4); dicamba (288); triclopyr (600); 2,4-D (2010); clomazone nas formulações convencional e microencapsulada (1200); atrazine (1250); bentazon (600); flumioxazin (30); sulfentrazone (600), além de tratamento controle (sem aplicação de herbicida) para cada espécie estudada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As avaliações da taxa de cobertura verde (TCV) das espécies de gramas foram realizadas aos 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 41, 48, 55 e 62 dias após a aplicação (DAA); altura e fitointoxicação nos mesmos período da TCV exceto ao 0 DAA. Avaliou-se também aos teores de clorofila total e carotenoides aos 9, 18 e 27 DAA e biomassa seca das aparas aos 27 e 62 DAA. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, sendo para os teores de clorofila total e biomassa seca das aparas, às médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p≤0,05). Já os resultados de TCV, fitointoxicação e altura dos herbicidas os dados da diferença mínima significativa (DMS) foram representadas nos gráficos. Os efeitos dos herbicidas observados nas diferentes espécies de grama foi dependente da espécie, herbicida, época e recuperação do gramado. Os herbicidas que apresentaram potencial de seletividade para o gramado de A. compressus e P. notatum foram a atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl e sulfentrazone. Já para o gramado de Z. japonica foram considerados atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl e 2,4-D flumioxazin e sulfentrazone. Com exceção do triclopyr, os produtos seletivos para Z. japonica podem também ser considerados seletivos para a grama Tifton 419. / Weeds interfere with turfgrass, hampering their formation, establishment, quality and aesthetics. Among the several techniques, the use of herbicides stands out, however, the information regarding the selectivity of these products in turfgrass is scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence on the species Axonopus compressus (broadleaf carpetgrass), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass), Zoysia japonica (japanese lawn grass), Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis (bermudagrass -Tifton 419). Two studies were conducted, all in a greenhouse and repeated at different times. The four turfgrass species were transplanted in vessels with a capacity of 2 L and at 40 days after transplanting the applications of the treatments. The treatments consisted of the application of 13 herbicides (g i.a. ha-1): chlorimuron-ethyl (15); halosulfuron (112.5); imazapyr (125.0); metsulfuron-methyl (2.4); dicamba (288); triclopyr (600); 2,4-D (2010); clomazone in conventional and microencapsulated formulations (1200); atrazine (1250); bentazon (600); flumioxazin (30); sulfentrazone (600), in addition to control treatment (without herbicide application) for each species studied. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The green cover rate (TCV) evaluations of the turfgrass species were performed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 41, 48, 55 and 62 days after application (DAA); and height and phytointoxication, in the same TCV period, except for 0 DAA. The levels of total chlorophyll and carotenoids were evaluated at 9, 18 and 27 DAA and dry biomass of the shavings at 27 and 62 DAA. The obtained data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, being the total chlorophyll content and dry biomass of the chips, compared to the Tukey test (p≤0.05). On the other hand, the results of TCV, phytotoxification and herbicide height showed the minimum significant difference data (DMS). It was observed that the selectivity of the herbicides was dependent on turfgrass species, herbicide, season and plants recovery. The herbicides with selectivity potential for P. notatum e A. compressus were atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl e sulfentrazone. For the Z. japonica were, atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, sulfentrazone and 2,4-D. With the exception of triclopyr, selective products for Z. japonica can also be considered selective for Tifton 419 tufgrass.

Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Marlene Cristina Alves / Resumo: Os gramas têm assumido em todo o mundo lugar de destaque tanto pelo seu admirável valor estético como por suas diversas funcionalidades. Dentre muitas características associadas à planta, o bom desenvolvimento da grama depende também de fatores relacionados ao solo, como a suficiente disponibilidade de água no mesmo. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho determinar a lâmina de irrigação mais adequada para o cultivo da grama Esmeralda (Zoysia Japônica) sob diferentes níveis de compactação do solo. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação pertencente ao Departamento de Recursos Naturais da FCA/ UNESP - Botucatu, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, organizados em esquema fatorial 5x4, compreendido por potenciais de água no solo (30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 kPa) e por níveis de densidade do solo (1,21; 1,39; 1,49; 1,54 kg dm-3), com quatro repetições, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. A compactação do solo foi realizada com o auxílio de uma prensa hidráulica. O solo foi compactado em camadas de 10 kg cada, sendo este submetido à compactação com auxílio de uma chapa metálica (980 cm²). Para atingir os respectivos níveis de densidade do solo foram aplicadas as pressões de 0, 1, 2 e 3 kg cm-². A grama foi transplantada na forma de tapetes nos recipientes de forma que a espécie ocupasse toda a área do mesmo. A irrigação foi realizada diariamente, com o auxílio de tensiômetros de punção, instalados individualmente na região central dos recipientes a uma profundidade de 0,1m. As irrigações foram feitas com base nas leituras a taxa de cobertura verde do solo, produção de matéria seca na parte aérea, intensidade de cor verde das lâminas foliares, a concentração de macronutrientes nas lâminas foliares e o acúmulo de matéria seca nas raízes. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The turfgrasses have taken place around the world highlighting both their esthetic value as admirable for its many features. Among many features associated with plants, the proper development of the program also depends on factors related to the soil, among them the availability of sufficient water in it. This research aimed to determine the most appropriate irrigation rate for growing zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) under different bulk density levels. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Department of Natural Resources of the FCA / UNESP - Botucatu, SP. The experimental design was in a randomized complete blocks with four replications, in a 5x4 factorial scheme; the first factor comprised of soil water potential (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kPa) and the second factor by levels of soil bulk density ( 1.21, 1.39, 1.49, 1.54 g cm-3), totaling 80 experimental plots. Soil compaction was performed with the aid of a hydraulic press. The soil was compacted in layers of 10 kg each, which was submitted to compaction with the aid of a metal plate (980 cm ²). To achieve their respective levels of bulk density, were applied pressures of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg cm-². The grass was transplanted in the form of carpets in containers so that the species occupy the whole area of it. The management of irrigation was performed daily, with the aid of tensiometers puncture, placed individually in the central region of the containers, to a depth of 10 cm. Irrigation management was based on tensiometer readings correlated to the characteristics of water retention in the soil. Were evaluated the rate of green coverage of the soil, the shoot dry matter production, the green color intensity of leaves, the concentration of macronutrients in leaves and the root dry matter production. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and when there was interaction between the factors, were proceeded... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Em se tratando de paisagismo, dentre todos os grupos vegetais, o grupo dos gramados merece destaque devido às características agroecológicas. A grama-esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.) merece distinção, sendo a mais cultivada e comercializada em todo o território nacional devido sua importância na constituição de jardins planos e declivosos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar: i) o desenvolvimento da gramaesmeralda sobre superfícies com diferentes exposições e declividades; ii) estimar a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR) incidente acumulada e correlacioná-la com a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea (MMSPA) e total (MMST) em superfícies com diferentes exposições e declividades cultivadas com a gramaesmeralda. A declividade do terreno interfere de forma aleatória no desenvolvimento da grama-esmeralda, que é favorecido pelas exposições leste e oeste. O acúmulo dos efeitos das declividades e das exposições na radiação fotossinteticamente ativa aumenta com a exposição norte e decresce com a exposição sul, sendo a exposição 10 L a mais indicada para o revestimento de taludes, norteando o gramicultor para o revestimento de encostas. Neste mesmo estudo, não houve correlação entre a MMSPA e a radiação PAR para as superfícies avaliadas e para o período estudado, assim como, também, não houve correlação para MMST e a radiação PAR para as superfícies e períodos avaliados. / Abstract: When it comes to landscaping, among all groups plants, lawns of the group deserves emphasis because of the many agro-ecological characteristics. The zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) deserves distinction being the most cultivated and marketed, throughout the national territory, its due importance in the formation of plans and sloping gardens. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine: i) the development of zoyziagrass on surfaces with different exhibitions and slope, ii) estimate the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident accumulated and correlate it with the dry matter of shoot (MMSPA) and total (MMST) in areas with different exhibitions and slope planted with zoysiagrass. The slope of the land interferes randomly from the development of zoyziagrass, which is favored by exhibitions East and West. The accumulation of the effects of slope and exhibitions in photosynthetically active radiation exposure increases with North and South decreases with exposures, and 10 L exposure to the most suitable for the coating of embankments, orienting the grass producer for the coating of slopes. There was no correlation between the MSPA and radiation PAR for areas and assessed for the periods studied, and also there was no correlation to MMST and radiation PAR for areas and periods evaluated. / Orientador: Kathia Fernanda Lopes Pivetta / Coorientador: José Eduardo Pitelli Turco / Banca: Roberto Jun Takane / Banca: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araujo / Banca: Paulo Roberto Corrêa Landgraf / Banca: Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão Dematte / Doutor

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-04-12T14:11:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Sales de Albuquerque Cunha.pdf: 530132 bytes, checksum: 7ff0cdd0ac3a3c33deac59ba15062fea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T14:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Sales de Albuquerque Cunha.pdf: 530132 bytes, checksum: 7ff0cdd0ac3a3c33deac59ba15062fea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-05 / Three experiments were conducted in the Campus II from the Universidade Estadual de Alagoas in Santana do Ipanema AL. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the cassava's potential (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and some of the by-products in quails' feeding.The first experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and values of apparent metabolizable energy (EMA); and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEn), the apparent metabolism coefficient of gross energy (CMAEB) of cassava and its by-products, using the total excreta collection method and 20-day-old male quails. The values of EMA, EMAn and CMAEB were (3305,9; 3058,28 and 80,54); (2525,02; 2452,87 and 78,90); (1626,41; 1372, 91 and 53, 18) and (1523,98; 1448,28 and 51, 94) for cassava root, manipueira molasses, hay of cassava leaf and a final third of the plant,respectively. In the second experiment, the effects of the inclusion of different levels (0, 3, 6,9, 12%) of the hay of cassava leaf about the zootechnics performance of male quails createdup to 42 days. The effects of inclusion of the hay of cassava leaf weren't observed up to the level of 12% for the total period of creating (8 to 42 days), as well as were not found differences between the treatments for the parameter of carcass, being only affected the offals. The third experiment was conducted to evaluate the zoothechinics performance of quails for the meat's production, using a diet with different levels of integral cassava flour (0,8, 16, 24 and 32%). Statistics of variations of weight gain, consuming of ration and the conversion of feeding weren't observed in the period studied, can the cassava root be included in diets for quail up to the level of 32%. / Foram realizados três experimentos conduzidos no Campus II da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas em Santana do Ipanema - AL. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar as potencialidades da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e subprodutos na alimentação de codornas. O primeiro trabalho foi conduzido para determinar a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA); energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) o coeficiente de metabolização aparente da energia bruta (CMAEB) da mandioca e de subprodutos da mandioca, utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas e codornas macho com 20 dias de idade. Os valores de EMA, EMAn e CMAEB foram: (3306; 3058,28 e 80,54); (2525,02; 2452,87 e 78,90)(1626,41; 1372,91 e 53,18) e (1523,98; 1448,28 e 51,94) para a raiz de mandioca, melaço de mandioca, feno da folha da mandioca e feno do terço final da planta da mandioca, respectivamente. No segundo experimento estudou-se os efeitos da inclusão de diferentes níveis (0, 3, 6, 9, 12%) do feno das folhas da mandioca sobre o desempenho zootécnico de codornas macho, criadas até 42 dias de idade. Não foram observados efeitos da inclusão do feno de folhas de mandioca até o nível de 12% para o período total de criação (8 a 42 dias) também não foram encontradasdiferenças entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros de carcaça, sendo afetados apenas as vísceras comestíveis: (fígado e moela). O terceiro experimento foi conduzido com a finalidade de avaliar o desempenho de zootécnico de codornas para a produção de carne alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes níveis da farinha de mandioca integral (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32%). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para as variáveis ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar nos períodos estudados, podendo a raiz de mandioca ser inclusa em dietas para codornas até o nível de 32%.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T21:00:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Helder Freitas de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1332665 bytes, checksum: f7abc313c54c0d9fb7f4e71d64f61479 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T21:02:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Helder Freitas de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1332665 bytes, checksum: f7abc313c54c0d9fb7f4e71d64f61479 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Helder Freitas de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1332665 bytes, checksum: f7abc313c54c0d9fb7f4e71d64f61479 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of guava extract (GE) on the performance of japanese quails phase and the internal and external quality and shelf life of eggs. For this they developed two experiments. The first experiment was conducted using 384 japanese female quails with 42 days of age, weighing 138 ± 10 g at the beginning of production, distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replicates of 16 birds each. Treatments consisted of four levels: 0%; 0.3%; 0.6% and 0.9% inclusion of GE in poultry feed. The variables were: feed intake, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, and dozens of eggs, average egg weight, yolk weight, albumen, and shell, shell thickness, albumen height, yolk height, yolk diameter, diameter of albumen, yolk color, specific gravity, Haugh unit (HU), yolk index, albumen index, albumen percentage, shell, yolk, pH of yolk and albumen. In the second experiment 400 eggs were distributed in DIC in factorial 4x4 with four levels of inclusion of GE, four storage times (0, 9, 18 and 27 days) with five repetitions. Which it was carried out analysis of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) of gems. The shell thickness was influenced by GE levels in the diet and decreased linearly. There was an interaction between treatments for lipid oxidation of gems, the nine days of storage the best result was found for the treatment containing 0.3% of GE. After 27 days, the lowest amount of lipid oxidation of buds was for the level of 0.6% inclusion of GE, there was no significant difference in time zero and 18 days compared to GE levels tested. Comparing the GE levels included in the feed in relation to the storage time, the level of 0,3% provided the best results for the yolks stored for nine days, however this result is not significantly different from the yolks stored for 18 days which in time does not differ from other periods (0 to 27 days). With 0.9% of GE include the best result for lipid oxidation was of gems stored for 18 days. There was no significant difference to the storage time factor on the level with 0% and 0.6% inclusion of GE. There was no significant difference between the GE levels tested for: feed intake, laying percentage, egg mass, converting mass and dozen eggs, average egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, weight albumen, percentage of yolk, albumen and shell, specific gravity, UH, yolk color, albumen and yolk index, pH of yolk and albumen. Thus the addition of guava extract in diets of japanese quails in production does not affect the productive performance and the external and internal characteristics of eggs except for yolk, where there was an improvement in the lipid stability and bark which reduces its thickness. / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão do extrato de goiaba (EG) sobre o desempenho de codornas japonesas em fase de postura e sobre a qualidade interna e externa, e tempo de prateleira dos ovos. Para isso foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento foi realizado utilizando-se 384 codornas japonesas fêmeas com 42 dias de idade, com peso de 138 ± 10 g no início de produção, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições de 16 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro níveis: 0%; 0,3%; 0,6% e 0,9% de inclusão do EG na alimentação das aves. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo de ração, produção de ovos, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, e por dúzias de ovos, peso médio do ovo, peso da gema, do albúmen, e da casca, espessura da casca, altura do albúmen, altura da gema, diâmetro da gema, diâmetro do albúmen, cor da gema, gravidade específica, unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema, índice de albúmen, porcentagens de albúmen, casca, gema, pH da gema e do albúmen. No segundo experimento 400 ovos foram distribuídos em DIC em arranjo fatorial 4x4 sendo quatro níveis de inclusão do EG, quatro tempos de armazenamento (0; 9; 18 e 27 dias) com cinco repetições. Onde foi realizada análise de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) das gemas. A espessura da casca foi influenciada pelos níveis de EG na ração e diminuiu linearmente. Houve interação entre os fatores estudados, para oxidação lipídica das gemas, aos nove dias de armazenamento o melhor resultado encontrado foi para o tratamento que continha 0,3% de EG. Aos 27 dias o menor valor de oxidação lipídica das gemas foi para o nível de 0,6% de inclusão do EG, não houve diferença significativa no tempo zero e 18 dias em relação aos níveis de EG testados. Comparando os níveis de EG incluídos na ração em relação aos tempos de armazenamento, o nível de 0,3% propiciou o melhor resultado para as gemas armazenadas durante nove dias, no entanto este resultado não difere significativamente das gemas armazenadas por 18 dias que por sua vez não difere dos demais tempos (0 e 27 dias). Com 0,9% de inclusão de EG o melhor resultado para oxidação lipídica foi das gemas armazenadas por 18 dias. Não houve diferença significativa para o fator tempo de armazenamento no nível com 0% e 0,6% de inclusão de EG. Não houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de EG testados quanto ao: consumo de ração, percentagem de postura, massa de ovos, conversão por massa e por dúzias de ovos, peso médio do ovo, peso da gema, peso da casca, peso do albúmen, percentagem da gema, casca e albúmen, gravidade específica, UH, cor da gema, índice de gema e albúmen, pH da gema e do albúmen. Dessa forma a adição de extrato de goiaba em dietas para codornas japonesas em fase de produção não afeta o desempenho produtivo e as características externas e internas dos ovos exceto para gema, onde ocorreu melhora na estabilidade lipídica e na casca que diminui sua espessura.

The main objective of the research was to study the effect of the Stenotaphrum secundatum and Zoysia japonica grasses on the higher and lower environment temperature and lower relative humidity; the secondary objective was to compare whether the Stenotaphrum secundatum grass has a greater impact on the environment parameters of comfort than the Zoysia japonica species. Six materials were used for the extensive green roof, each one forming a layer of the system, which were placed on the concrete slab and in an upward direction, including: PVC geomembrane, Polyester asphalt carpet, Pumice stone, Planar geodren, Prepared soil with guano, compost, muss, and Substrate. In order to make measurements of the higher and lower ambient temperature, a digital thermometer and lower relative humidity meter was used. Stenotaphrum secundatum and Zoysia japonica were used as grass species, as they were the most representative of the grasses used in extensive green roofs. The experimentation was carried out for 2 months from September to October of 2021, having built 3 modules of 1000x600mm roofs, including 1module of the concrete roof with ceramic covering and 2 modules of extensive green roof with two types of grass: Stenotaphrum secundatum and Zoysia japonica. The readings of the environment temperature and relative humidity of the higher and lower part were taken in six points of each module to have a greater number of representative measurements. The watering of the 2 green roof modules with grass was carried out twice a week, applying 5L of water per module. The results indicate that the Zoysia japonica grass is the one that presents a better behavior before the higher ambient temperature and that the Stenotaphrum secundatum grass behaves better before the lower ambient temperature and lower relative humidity. The conclusions indicate that the Stenotaphrum secundatum grass behaves better temperature and relative humidity; the two grass types exhibit different behavior.

The spatial distributions of four plant species native to Asia, yet considered invasive in southwestern Virginia, were studied in order to produce predictive habitat maps. The study took place in the mountains to the north of Blacksburg, VA, on National Forest lands. A random GPS survey of each of the four species, Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Rosa multiflora and Elaeagnus umbellate, was used in combination with a series of Geographic Information System (GIS) layers representing environmental variables (Elevation, Aspect, Roads, Trails, Streams, & Normalized Difference Moisture Index) to produce logistic regression models. After field- validating the models, the models were ranked according to usefulness, with the E. umbellate model proving most accurate. It is hoped that such GIS models will allow forest managers to more productively search for invasive species within their jurisdiction, by indicating sites more likely to provide habitat suitable to the invasive species described by the model. A non-GIS search for correlations between the study species' presence and field-collected discrete environmental variables was also included. Both Disturbance and Canopy Cover were considered for their effect upon Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Rosa multiflora and Elaeagnus umbellate presence. Using Pearson's Correlation with the Canopy Cover data, and Chi-squared Correlation with the Disturbance data, only R. multiflora and E. umbellate showed significant correlation to decreasing canopy cover. / Master of Science

In loquat, apex of a current shoot changes from vegetative to reproductive stage during summer, i.e. under high temperature conditions. Indeed, just before floral bud differentiation, a decline in the growth rate due to high temperature takes place. The aim of this work is to study the role of this 'summer rest period' on the apex transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. For this purpose 1) sprouting of secondary shoots was promoted at different times, removing the main shoot, before, during and after floral bud differentiation occurred and 2) groups of trees were shifted to a greenhouse under average maximum temperature not exceeding 25 ° C during different periods from June to October. Floral bud differentiation was evaluated. LEAFY (LFY), APETALA (AP1), TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) expression and hormonal content in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs) were analyzed in bud collected during the summer. Results suggest that the date of shoot apex removal determining floral bud differentiation of new shoots, so that the percentage of the new reproductive shoots reduced with the delaying of apex removal. On the other hand, maximum average temperature not exceeding 25 ° C prevented floral bud differentiation. Buds of the trees under indoors conditons displayed lower expression of identity floral genes EjLFY and EjAP1 than buds of trees grown in field. On the contrary, the floral repressor EjTFL1 and EjFT1 gene expressed higher in buds of the trees grown indoors. Time-course of ABA decreased in buds of trees grown in field during studied period while in buds of trees under greenhouse conditions displayed a growing trend. Time-course of GAs, IAA and CKs concentrations did not show remarkable differences between buds of trees growing under field and indoors conditions. Accordingly, 1) secondary shoots emerged from mid- August are unfitness to flower and 2) maximum average tempertature 25±1 °C during the summer prevents floral bud differentiation, enhances ABA biosynthesis, reduces EjLFY and EjAP1 expression and enhance EjTFL1 expression in the apex. / El níspero japonés diferencia sus yemas durante el verano, después de un periodo de ralentización del crecimiento vegetativo ligado a las altas temperaturas que se conoce como reposo estival. El objetivo de esta tesis fue estudiar la influencia de la parada estival en la diferenciación floral de esta especie. Para ello se diseñó un experimento en el que se forzó la brotación de brotes anticipados eliminado el ápice principal en diferentes fechas entre julio y septiembre, antes, durante y después de la parada estival. Paralelamente se diseñó otro experimento en el que se cambiaron las condiciones climáticas a grupos de árboles manteniéndolos en un invernadero a una temperatura máxima media de 25 °C durante diferentes periodos de diversa duración. Se evaluó la diferenciación floral y se analizó la expresión de los genes relacionados con la floración LEAFY (LFY), APETALA (AP1), TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) y el contenido hormonal en ácido abscisico (ABA), giberelinas (GAs), ácido indolácetico (AIA) y citoquininas (CKs) en yemas terminales muestreadas a lo largo del verano. Los resultados indican que la fecha de brotación modifica la diferenciación floral de los brotes anticipados siendo el porcentaje de brotes reproductivos inversamente proporcional a la fecha de eliminación del meristemo. Del mismo modo unas condiciones de temperatura máxima no superior a 25 °C impidieron la diferenciación floral. Las yemas de los árboles que estuvieron bajo dichas condiciones mantuvieron unos niveles de expresión de los genes de identidad floral, EjLFY y EjAP1, mucho menor que la de los árboles en condiciones de campo. Por el contrario, la expresión del represor EjTFL1 y del gen EjFT1 fue mayor en los árboles en invernadero. Por otro lado, el contenido endógeno de ABA descendió en los árboles situados en el campo durante el periodo de estudio mientras que en los árboles situados en el invernadero tuvo una evolución ascendente. Las concentraciones de GAs, AIA y CKs no mostraron prácticamente diferencias entre los ápices de los árboles mantenidos en campo y en invernadero. De acuerdo con ello, 1) los brotes anticipados surgidos a partir de mitad de agosto son incapaces de florecer y 2) la ausencia de altas temperaturas del verano promueve la acumulación de ABA, aumenta la expresión del gen represor (EjTFL1) y reduce la expresión de los genes de identidad floral (EjLFY y EjAP1) en yemas de níspero impidiendo su diferenciación floral. / El nispro japonés diferència les seus gemmes durant l'estiu, després d'un període d'alentiment del creixement vegetatiu lligat a les altes temperatures que es coneix com repòs estival. L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi va ser estudiar la influència de la parada estival en la diferenciació floral d'aquesta espècie. Per a això es va dissenyar un experiment en què es va forçar la aparició dels brots anticipats eliminat l'àpex principal en diferents dates entre juliol i setembre, abans, durant i després de l'aturada estival. Paral·lelament es va dissenyar un altre experiment en què es van canviar les condicions climàtiques a grups d'arbres mantenint-los en un hivernacle a una temperatura màxima mitjana de 25 °C durant diferents períodes de diversa durada. Es va avaluar la diferenciació floral i es va analitzar l'expressió dels gens relacionats amb la floració LEAFY (LFY), APETALA (AP1), TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) i el contingut hormonal en àcid abscísic (ABA) , gibberel·lines (GAs), àcid indolacètic (AIA) i citoquinines (CKs) en gemmes terminals mostrejades al llarg de l'estiu. Els resultats indiquen que la data de brotació modifica la diferenciació floral dels brots anticipats i el percentatge de brots reproductius es inversament proporcional a la data d'eliminació del meristema. De la mateixa manera unes condicions de temperatura màxima no superior a 25 ° C varen impedir la diferenciació floral. Les gemmes dels arbres que van estar sota aquestes condicions van mantenir uns nivells d'expressió dels gens d'identitat floral, EjLFY i EjAP1, molt menor que la dels arbres en condicions de camp. Per contra, l'expressió del repressor EjTFL1 i del gen EjFT1 va ser més gran en els arbres en hivernacle. D'altra banda, el contingut endogen d'ABA va baixar en els arbres situats al camp durant el període d'estudi mentre que en els arbres situats a l'hivernacle va tenir una evolució ascendent. Les concentracions de GAs, AIA i CKS no van mostrar pràcticament diferències entre els àpexs dels arbres mantinguts en camp i en hivernacle. D'acord amb això, 1) els brots anticipats sorgits a partir de meitat d'agost són incapaços de florir i 2) l'absència d'altes temperatures de l'estiu promou l'acumulació d'ABA, augmenta l'expressió del gen repressor (EjTFL1) i redueix l'expressió dels gens d'identitat floral (EjLFY i EjAP1) en gemmes de nispro del Japó impedint la seva diferenciació floral. / García Lorca, AL. (2017). Temperature regulating floral bud differentiation in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Hormonal and genetic aspects [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79873

Field experiments (2007-2009) and laboratory bioassays (2009) tested the efficacy of insecticides with short pre-harvest intervals, caneberry cultivar susceptibility, and geranium toxicity for reducing Japanese beetle (JB) activity on primocane-bearing caneberries. Deltamethrin, chlorantraniliprole, bifenthrin, lime-alum, and thyme oil reduced JB activity in the field. Deltamethrin, chlorantraniliprole, acetamiprid, an azadirachtin and pyrethrin mixture, an azadirachtin and neem oil extract mixture, and an extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides reduced JB activity during the bioassays. "Prelude" had significantly more JB than "Anne", "Caroline", "Heritage", "Dinkum", or "Himbo Top" and "Prime-Jan" had significantly more JB than "Prime-Jim". Compared to certain cultivars, "Heritage", "Caroline", "Himbo Top", and "Prime-Jan" had higher percentages of injured fruit and "Autumn Bliss", "Heritage", and "Caroline" produced greater marketable and overall yields. "Prime-Jan" produced more overall yield than "Prime-Jim"; marketable yields from both blackberry cultivars were similar. Defoliation was significantly less for "Dinkum", "Caroline", "Heritage", and "Anne" than for "Prelude" in 2008 and significantly less for "Caroline" and "Anne" than "Prelude" or "Fall Gold" in 2009. In field tests, previous consumption of geraniums lessened raspberry defoliation by JB. Bioassays indicated that JB activity was only reduced if JB were continually exposed to geranium. Therefore, the efficacy of geranium as a trap crop for JB may be limited. The stink bug species within the caneberries were identified (2008-2009) and Euschistus servus (Say) made up 48.1 % of the overall species composition. Stink bug injury to ripening raspberries was identified as small holes between drupelets; stink bug excretions also ruined fruit. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

L'élongation cellulaire de cellules cultivant bout comme hyphae fongueux, inculquez hairs, des tubes de pollen et des neurones, est limité au bout de la cellule, qui permet à ces cellules d'envahir l'encerclement substrate et atteindre une cible. Les cellules cultivant bout d'équipement sont entourées par le mur polysaccharide rigide qui régule la croissance et l'élongation de ces cellules, un mécanisme qui est radicalement différent des cellules non-walled. La compréhension du règlement du mur de cellule les propriétés mécaniques dans le contrôle de la croissance et du fonctionnement cellulaire du tube de pollen, une cellule rapidement grandissante d'équipement, est le but de ce projet. Le tube de pollen porte des spermatozoïdes du grain de pollen à l'ovule pour la fertilisation et sur sa voie du stigmate vers l'ovaire le tube de pollen envahit physiquement le stylar le tissu émettant de la fleur. Pour atteindre sa cible il doit aussi changer sa direction de croissance les temps multiples. Pour évaluer la conduite de tubes de pollen grandissants, un dans le système expérimental vitro basé sur la technologie de laboratoire-sur-fragment (LOC) et MEMS (les systèmes micro-électromécaniques) ont été conçus. En utilisant ces artifices nous avons mesuré une variété de propriétés physiques caractérisant le tube de pollen de Camélia, comme la croissance la croissance accélérée, envahissante et dilatant la force. Dans une des organisations expérimentales les tubes ont été exposés aux ouvertures en forme de fente faites de l'élastique PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) la matière nous permettant de mesurer la force qu'un tube de pollen exerce pour dilater la croissance substrate. Cette capacité d'invasion est essentielle pour les tubes de pollen de leur permettre d'entrer dans les espaces intercellulaires étroits dans les tissus pistillar. Dans d'autres essais nous avons utilisé l'organisation microfluidic pour évaluer si les tubes de pollen peuvent s'allonger dans l'air et s'ils ont une mémoire directionnelle. Une des applications auxquelles le laboratoire s'intéresse est l'enquête de processus intracellulaires comme le mouvement d'organelles fluorescemment étiqueté ou les macromolécules pendant que les tubes de pollen grandissent dans les artifices LOC. Pour prouver que les artifices sont compatibles avec la microscopie optique à haute résolution et la microscopie de fluorescence, j'ai utilisé le colorant de styryl FM1-43 pour étiqueter le système endomembrane de tubes de pollen de cognassier du Japon de Camélia. L'observation du cône de vésicule, une agrégation d'endocytic et les vésicules exocytic dans le cytoplasme apical du bout de tube de pollen, n'a pas posé de problèmes des tubes de pollen trouvés dans le LOC. Pourtant, le colorant particulier en question a adhéré au sidewalls du LOC microfluidic le réseau, en faisant l'observation de tubes de pollen près du difficile sidewalls à cause du signal extrêmement fluorescent du mur. Cette propriété du colorant pourrait être utile de refléter la géométrie de réseau en faisant marcher dans le mode de fluorescence. / Cellular elongation of tip-growing cells such as fungal hyphae, root hairs, pollen tubes and neurons, is limited to the tip of the cell, which enables these cells to invade the surrounding substrate and to reach a target. Tip-growing plant cells are surrounded by the stiff polysaccharidic wall that regulates the growth and elongation of these cells, a mechanism that is very different from non-walled cells. Understanding the regulation of the cell wall mechanical properties in controlling growth and cellular functioning of the pollen tube, a rapidly growing plant cell, is the goal of this project. The pollen tube carries sperm cells from the pollen grain to the ovule for fertilization and on its way from the stigma towards ovary the pollen tube physically invades the stylar transmitting tissue of the flower. To reach its target it also has to change its growth direction multiple times. To assess the behavior of growing pollen tubes, an in vitro experimental system based on lab-on-chip (LOC) technology and MEMS (microelectro-mechanical systems) was designed. Using these devices we measured a variety of physical properties characterizing the pollen tube of Camellia, such as growth velocity, invasive growth and dilating force. In one of the experimental set-ups the tubes were exposed to slit-shaped openings made of elastic PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) material allowing us to measure the force a pollen tube exerts to dilate the growth substrate. This invasion capacity is crucial for pollen tubes to allow them to enter narrow intercellular spaces within the pistillar tissues. In other assays we used the microfluidic set-up to test whether pollen tubes can elongate in air and whether they have a directional memory. One of the applications that the lab is interested in is the investigation of intracellular processes such as the motion of fluorescently labelled organelles or macromolecules while the pollen tubes grow within the LOC devices. To prove that the devices are compatible with high-resolution optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, I used the styryl dye FM1-43 to label the endomembrane system of Camellia japonica pollen tubes. Observation of the vesicle cone, an aggregation of endocytic and exocytic vesicles in the apical cytoplasm of the pollen tube tip, did not pose any problems in pollen tubes located within the LOC. However, the particular dye in question adhered to the sidewalls of the LOC microfluidic network, making viewing of pollen tubes close to the sidewalls difficult because of the highly fluorescent signal of the wall. This property of the dye might be useful to image the network geometry when operating in fluorescence mode.