O cantor deve conhecer em profundidade a obra a ser executada, além de dominar o seu instrumento - a voz. Assim, este estudo foi baseado na análise de obras de Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959), Gilberto Mendes (1922), Luiz Carlos Lessa Vinholes (1933), José Antonio de Almeida Prado (1943) e Rodolfo Coelho de Souza (1952), sob a ótica do intérprete artista, ou seja, do autor. As obras refletem o amálgama da miscigenação de várias culturas que compõem a nação brasileira. Através deste repertório, questionou-se por que compositores brasileiros compuseram canções com a temática japonesa e como ocorre o encontro da poética japonesa com a canção brasileira. A análise musical foi, em sua maioria, baseada no livro Poetry into song: performance and analysis of Lieder de Deborah Stein & Robert Spillman. Constatou-se a presença de uma esfera meditativa pelo uso de estruturas minimalistas e pentatonismos. De acordo com o autor, isto se deve pela busca do vazio e do silêncio enquanto criação musical. São, portanto, frutos da necessidade intrínseca de uma época - o Zeitgeist - ou seja, experimentações em busca de novas linguagens como tendências da música do século XX. Considerando a peculiaridade do cantor como músico, apresentamos com o título de \"Transcendência\" nossa visão do papel do intérprete do canto. É preciso transcender todo o conhecimento analítico para a execução musical a fim de sentir a canção. Pois é justamente com o sentir e as vivências entre o compositor, poeta e intérprete; Brasil e Japão; racional e afetivo; mundo interno e externo; análise e performance que as bordas fictícias ou imaginadas são atenuadas. / The singer must deeply understand the work to be interpreted and, in addition to this, he must dominate his instrument - the voice. Accordingly, this study is based on the analysis of works by Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959), Gilberto Mendes (1922), Luiz Carlos Lessa Vinholes (1933), José Antônio de Almeida Prado (1943) and Rodolfo Coelho de Souza (1952), from the point of view of the artistic interpreter, the author. The art songs chosen reflect a cultural mosaic specific to Brazil. Through this repertoire, the author questioned why Brazilian composers chose a Japanese subject for their songs and how they integrated Japanese characteristics into Brazilian art song. This musical analysis was mainly based on the book Poetry into song: performance and analysis of Lieder by Deborah Stein & Robert Spillman. The author observed a presence of meditative atmosphere through the use of minimalist structure and pentatonicism. She believes this was the composers´ quest for emptiness and silence while still creating music. These are, therefore, the fruits of an era: the Zeitgeist, the experiments in a search for new languages, a tendency of 20th Century music. Considering the peculiarity of the singer as a musician, the author presents in a summarizing chapter, \"Transcendency\", what she believes the role of an artistic interpreter should express. The singer must transcend the analytical knowledge he has acquired prior to performance in order to know the song. Only then do the feeling and existence of the composer, the poet, the interpreter; Brazil and Japan; reason and emotion; inner and outer world; and analysis and performance integrate, and only then is the fictitious or imagined border blurred.

This dissertation uncovers three previously unrecognized innovations of Thomas Jeckyll in the Peacock Room. At the same time, the dissertation admits that sometimes James McNeill Whistler chose a more conventional path in the design of the room than previously acknowledged. The dissertation illuminates the often overlooked principle of Classical Decor, first described in the first century BC by Vitruvius, and analyzes how it was instituted in the Peacock Room. Four major points illustrate this conclusion. First, the meaning of the sunflower in the West is explored to account for the flower’s popularity and absorption into ancient heliotropic lore. Thomas Moore’s poetry may have inspired Aesthetic Movement designers such as Jeckyll to use the motif. Second, this dissertation demonstrates that the Peacock Room is only a distant descendant of the traditional European porcelain chamber. It was a new idea to turn the porcelain chamber into a dining room. Further, the room lacks two of the three key features of a porcelain room: lacquer panels and large plate-glass mirrors. When Whistler made the surfaces of this room dark and glossy, he made the room more traditional, aligning it with the customary lacquer paneling of porcelain rooms. And Jeckyll’s sho-dana shelving system in the Leyland dining room was without precedent in porcelain or other kinds of Western rooms, with influences from Japan and China. Third, Decor in the dining room was revealed as an established pattern in eating rooms from Ancient Roman triclinia to the present day. Fourth, Decor is present in the Peacock Room in four ways: in the trappings of the table used to decorate a dining room, in the darkness of this dining room, in the use of a foodstuff, the peacock, to decorate the room, and in the hearth’s sunflowers. Through the lens of the history of Western domestic interiors, significant innovations by Jeckyll have been brought to light, and the meaning of specific elements in the Peacock Room has been elucidated. Jeckyll and Whistler gave the world a sensational story in the Peacock Room but also a complex work of art that is only beginning to be illuminated.

This thesis explores the possibility and challenges of international/interracial female friendship and anti-communitarian hospitality through writings of Victorian female travellers to Meiji Japan between 1854 and 1918. It features three travellers, viz. Isabella Bird, Mary Crawford Fraser, and Marie Stopes. The introduction delineates the context of key events in the Anglo-Japanese relationship and explores the representation of Japan in Victorian travelogues and literary works. Chapter I considers the philosophical dialogue between Jean-Luc Nancy, Maurice Blanchot, and Jacques Derrida on community, friendship, and hospitality. It demonstrates the potential of applying their thinking, notwithstanding its occasional complicity, to an analysis of the place of hitherto marginalised groups, women and foreigners, in Western philosophical models. Chapter II examines relationships between Bird and Japanese natives, especially her interpreter, Ito in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (1880) in terms of questions of stable identity and translation. It further undertakes a comparative study between the travelogue and Itō no koi (2005) by Nakajima Kyōko. I explore the afterlife of Bird in Japanese literature. Chapter III investigates friendships in Fraser’s A Diplomatist’s Wife in Japan (1898). It uncovers her connection with Japanese female writers in oblivion, Yei Theodra Ozaki and Wakamatsu Shizuko. I discuss the influence her friendships had on Fraser’s fictional works such as The Stolen Emperor (1903), especially on the fair portrayals of Japanese women. Chapter IV explores friendships between the sexes in Stopes’ A Journal from Japan (1910) and articulates its relationship with Love-Letters of a Japanese (1911) and Plays of Old Japan (1913). I examine Stopes’ romantic relationship with Fujī Kenjirō and its influence on her career in sexology. It also investigates Stopes’ collaboration with Sakurai Jōji on Nō translation and exposes complex gender, racial, and linguistic politics. The conclusion explores three Japanese female travellers to Victorian Britain, focusing on their contact with local women. It considers Tsuda Umeko’s Journal in London, Yasui Tetsu’s Wakakihi no ato, and Yosano Akiko’s Pari yori (1914).

Le sujet de la thèse s’intitule « Saint-Saëns et le Japon ». Ce compositeur français (1835-1921) a toute sa vie durant entretenu un intérêt soutenu pour le Japon. Il s’est rendu célèbre comme « orientaliste » avec des œuvres telles que Samson et Dalila, la Suite Algérienne et le cinquième Concerto pour piano, dit l’Egyptien. Toutefois, son engouement pour le Japon n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie, car son corpus musical ne comporte qu’une œuvre y étant dédiée, un opéra-comique intitulé La Princesse Jaune (1872). En revanche, il a publié deux poèmes : « Le Japon » et « Le Fouji-Yama », tous deux datant de 1890, auxquels s’ajoute un conte inédit, « Le Miroir » (1912). Le mouvement artistique « japonisme » désigne l’influence des objets d’art japonais, comme l’ukiyo-e (forme d’estampe), sur des artistes occidentaux. Vincent Van Gogh et Edmond de Goncourt en sont les exemples les plus connus. Saint-Saëns possédait lui-même une collection significative d’objets d’art et de livres japonais. Cependant, son intérêt concernait surtout le domaine littéraire, puisque ses guides japonisants étaient ses amis écrivains : Louis Gallet, Judith Gautier et un Japonais qui s’appelait Motoyosi Saizau. Enfin, le compositeur était un fameux « voyageur ». Ses séjours à Londres lui donnèrent l’occasion de visiter des expositions consacrées au Japon. A la suite de sa visite en Indochine, il avait même prévu de s’y rendre. / The subject of the thesis is entitled "Saint-Saëns and Japan." This French composer (1835-1921) has throughout his life maintained a continued interest in Japan. He became famous as "orientalist" with works such as Samson and Delilah, the Algerian Suite and the fifth Piano Concerto, said the Egyptian. However, his infatuation with Japan has not been an object of profound study because his musical corpus has only one work dedicated to Japan, a comic opera entitled La Princesse Jaune (1872). However, he published two poems: "Japon" and "Fouji-Yama", both from 1890, plus an unpublished tale, "Le Miroir" (1912). The artistic movement "Japonism" means the influence of Japanese art objects, such as ukiyo-e (as print), on Western artists. Vincent Van Gogh and Edmond de Goncourt are the best known examples. Saint-Saëns himself possessed a significant collection of art objects and Japanese books. However, his interest mainly concerned the literary field, as its “japonisant” guides were his writer friends: Louis Gallet, Judith and a Japanese named Motoyosi Saizau. Finally, the composer was a famous "traveler". His stays in London gave him the opportunity to visit the exhibitions in Japan. Following his visit to Indochina, he had even planned to get there.

Giovanni Boldini's La Zingara is an image fraught with mystery. As a lesser-known artist, scholarship on him and this painting is sparse. This thesis details the innovations that Boldini exhibited as an artist working in nineteenth-century France, using the lenses of feminist and Marxist art historical readings for a new interpretation of this piece. Participating in the oppressive systems of capitalism, sexism, and prejudice, Giovanni Boldini created the image of La Zingara for personal gain. Painting a subject from a marginalized community, the Romani, Boldini benefitted from those systems. He "others"his Italian heritage and modern art developments to construct a portraiture totally unique to him and his oeuvre. While other artists worked on similar subjects at the time, Giovanni Boldini set himself apart through his updating of classic styles, drawing upon on the Christian iconography of the Byzantine tradition, the portraiture of Trecento and the Renaissance, and some ancient Roman conventions. Additionally, the artist capitalizes on the growing interest and commodification of japonisme to create a highly marketable work. Furthermore, this thesis explores issues of gender and class to acknowledge the difficult place that women have filled in the history of art. Finally, this thesis argues that Boldini deserves a greater place in the history of art.

The present essay explores artworks of Karin Larsson through the feminist theoretical field of studies. The following three textile works were in the centre of the study, Kärlekens ros, Duk med tecken and Sashiko-gardin. The connection between japonisme, Japanese inspired art, and Karin Larssons art works were studied. Through feminist theories by art historians such as Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock the experience of being a woman in the 1800s affected the works of Karin Larsson were discussed. It was found that Karin Larssons upbringing and education as a woman differs from the usual male art student, which affected her art works. The subjects of her art works were also often the result of personal experiences. Furthermore, a correlation between the art works and Japanese woodblocks and Japanese embroidery techniques were identified.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o período compreendido entre a metade do século XIX e o começo do século XX a fim de identificar que aspectos e componentes da estética e valores culturais japoneses teriam sido eventualmente integrados aos movimentos artísticos europeus e ao design de moda. O interesse ocidental pelo Oriente sempre existiu, porém, foi intensificado após a abertura dos portos japoneses em 1854, depois de mais de dois séculos em reclusão. O encontro entre duas culturas tão distintas causou grande entusiasmo na Europa, com diversos autores que defendem que esta aproximação influenciou o rumo das artes, do design e de outros diversos campos, resultando em um movimento estético denominado Japonismo. Desse modo, esta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na modalidade histórica, gerada a partir de estudos bibliográficos e estudo de campo em museus e exposições, pretende expor exemplos e tecer reflexões sobre a importância do intercâmbio cultural entre o Japão e a Europa do final do século XIX e início do século XX, mais especificamente nos campos da arte e da moda / The aim of this research is to study the period between mid-19th century and beginning of 20th century to identify which aesthetic and cultural values aspects and components would eventually have been integrated to European fashion design and art movements. The occidental interest towards the orient have always existed, although, it was intensified after the opening of Japanese ports on 1854, after more than two centuries of seclusion. The encounter of such different cultures triggered enthusiasm in Europe, and several authors suggest that this gathering led the way of art, design and many several fields, resulting in an aesthetic movement called Japonism. Therefore, this qualitative research, on history, generated from bibliographical and field study in museums and exhibits, intends to bring into thought the importance of cultural exchange between Japan and Europe on the end of 19th Century and beginning of 20th century, specifically on art and fashion

Maeterlinck fut introduit pour la première fois au Japon en 1895 par un essai de Bin Ueda (1874-1916) intitulé 'La littérature belge'. Les liens entre Maeterlinck et le théâtre japonais fournissent des explications sur les particularités du théâtre japonais au moment de la « période maeterlinckienne », telle l'influence du concept des marionnettes de Gordon Craig et de Maeterlinck sur le théâtre japonais. Trois pièces de théâtre écrites par trois auteurs maeterlinckiens sont également analysées. Il s'agit de La rivière Ikuta d'Ôgai Mori, de Trois heures de l'après-midi d'Isamu Yoshii et de La veille de la commémoration d'Ujaku Akita. Ces œuvres établissent la différence avec laquelle les écrivains japonais voient le monde et appréhendent l'écriture symboliste. De plus, de nouveaux moyens pour avoir accès aux pièces de Maeterlinck au Japon sont présentés : ce sont les kamishibai et les dessins animés. Enfin, est introduit le concept du « Ma »1 qui est une des caractéristiques du théâtre japonais et que l'on retrouve souvent dans les pièces de Maeterlinck. Cela explique les raisons pour lesquelles les pièces de Maeterlinck attirent les Japonais, et à quel point cet auteur était moderne, avant-gardiste. Ses pièces jouées actuellement paraissent nouvelles, modernes, tandis que pour la critique à l'époque, il était ennuyeux, obnubilé par la mort. / In 1895 in his essay "Belgian Literature", Bin Ueda (1874-1916) introduced Maeterlinck for the first time in Japan. As we study the connections between Maeterlinck and the Japanese theatre, we shall strive to provide explanations for the particularities of Japanese theatre during the "maeterlinckian period'', such as the influence of the concept of Gordon Craig and Maeterlinck's marionettes upon Japanese theatre. Three plays written by three maeterlinckian authors are also analyzed, namely The Ikuta River by Ôgai Mori, Three O'Clock in the Aftenwon by Isamu Yoshii, and The Day before the Commemoration by Ujaku Akita. Furthermore, we introduce new methods for approaching Maeterlinck's plays in Japan: these are kamishibai and animated films. Finally we introduce the concept of "Ma" which is one of the characteristics of Japanese theatre and which we often find in Maeterlinck's plays. This explains why Maeterlinck's plays attract the Japanese, and to what extent he was a modern, avant-garde writer. His plays being performed nowadays appear innovative and modern, whereas for critics in his day they were disturbing and preoccupied with death.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o período compreendido entre a metade do século XIX e o começo do século XX a fim de identificar que aspectos e componentes da estética e valores culturais japoneses teriam sido eventualmente integrados aos movimentos artísticos europeus e ao design de moda. O interesse ocidental pelo Oriente sempre existiu, porém, foi intensificado após a abertura dos portos japoneses em 1854, depois de mais de dois séculos em reclusão. O encontro entre duas culturas tão distintas causou grande entusiasmo na Europa, com diversos autores que defendem que esta aproximação influenciou o rumo das artes, do design e de outros diversos campos, resultando em um movimento estético denominado Japonismo. Desse modo, esta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na modalidade histórica, gerada a partir de estudos bibliográficos e estudo de campo em museus e exposições, pretende expor exemplos e tecer reflexões sobre a importância do intercâmbio cultural entre o Japão e a Europa do final do século XIX e início do século XX, mais especificamente nos campos da arte e da moda / The aim of this research is to study the period between mid-19th century and beginning of 20th century to identify which aesthetic and cultural values aspects and components would eventually have been integrated to European fashion design and art movements. The occidental interest towards the orient have always existed, although, it was intensified after the opening of Japanese ports on 1854, after more than two centuries of seclusion. The encounter of such different cultures triggered enthusiasm in Europe, and several authors suggest that this gathering led the way of art, design and many several fields, resulting in an aesthetic movement called Japonism. Therefore, this qualitative research, on history, generated from bibliographical and field study in museums and exhibits, intends to bring into thought the importance of cultural exchange between Japan and Europe on the end of 19th Century and beginning of 20th century, specifically on art and fashion

De toutes les régions de France, la Bretagne est celle qui attira le plus les artistes entre le milieu du XIXe siècle et le milieu du suivant. Si sa présence dans la peinture est connue, il n’en va pas de même dans le domaine de l’estampe. L’objet de cette thèse est de combler cette lacune en analysant sa place, comme thème, chez les graveurs sur bois français et étrangers. L’étude s’appuie sur un corpus fondé sur le dépouillement des fonds publics et privés. Son analyse révèle l’importance de la thématique dans chaque phase de l’évolution de la gravure sur bois occidentale entre 1850 et 1950. Pour chacune sont étudiées les contributions des graveurs les plus représentatifs. L’apparition de la Bretagne dans la gravure professionnelle d’interprétation est retracée, puis précisée sa place dans la gravure sur bois originale entre 1880 et 1900. Les partis opposés des coloristes et des tenants du noir et blanc divisent en deux sections les chapitres suivants. L’étude des premiers met en évidence l’impact des procédés japonais de gravure et d’impression. Elle se poursuit par la résurgence du camaïeu puis le retour au coloriage après impression. L’analyse de la production en noir met en lumière les pôles autour desquels gravitent presque toutes les représentations de la Bretagne : inspiration maritime et thématique rurale. Elle souligne la contribution régionale à la vogue du livre illustré en gravure sur bois dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Enfin, la présentation d’une production militante constitue un épisode de ce panorama d’une production qui, pour être régionale dans son inspiration, n’en constitue pas moins un exemple représentatif de l’histoire d’un art et d’une technique. / Brittany is the region of France which attracted the greatest number of artists between the mid-19th and 20th centuries. The presence of painters is known, but the same cannot be said for the field of etching. The aim of this thesis is to contribute towards filling that gap.The study is based around the creation of a corpus. Its analysis reveals the importance of the theme adopted during each of the main periods of the development of western woodcut printing between 1850 and 1950. The definitions of these themes form the internal dynamic of the thesis.First of all the appearance of Brittany in professional interpretive etching is related. Then its place in the birth of original wood block printing is detailed. The following chapters are devoted to the opposing groups of artists, those who used colour and those who held to the aesthetic of black and white prints. The study of the colourists begins by highlighting the impact of Japanese wood-block techniques. It is followed by the resurgence of camaïeu and then the return to the western tradition of colouring after printing.Analysis of the more technically homogenous black print production focuses attention on the two themes around which almost all representations of Brittany revolve: the sea and the countryside. It underlines the regional contribution to the vogue for books illustrated with woodcut prints during the period between the wars. Finally, the presentation of militantly Breton works marks a specific episode of this panoramic overview of artistic output which, despite its regional origins, symbolises no less a part of the history of the art and technique of wood-block carving.